Nyob ntawm cov duab puab. Sculpture ua ib daim ntawv zoo nkauj

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Dab tsi yog duab puab? Qhov no yog ib hom kev kos duab zoo nkauj, sculpting dluab ntawm peb-dimensional daim ntawv, tsim dluab siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb (khoom los yog yas, nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj). Av nplaum, ntoo, siv quav ciab, pob txha, hlau tuaj yeem siv tau. Muaj ntau yam sculptures ntawm pej xeem xwm, nyob rau hauv cov tiaj ua si, squares, squares. Muaj cov creations uas tseem ceeb dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm artistic nqi. Cov no yog cov tsev khaws puav pheej zoo tsim los ntawm cov tswv zoo xws li Michelangelo, Raphael lossis Benvenuto Cellini.

Duab puab, nws hom thiab nta

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv lwm yam kev kos duab, voluminous artistic dluab muaj cov cim qhia ntawm exclusivity. Cov duab puab tuaj yeem luam tawm, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum xav kom muaj kev sib tw ua tiav nrog tus thawj. Cov ntawv luam tiag tiag tsuas yog siv tau los siv txoj kev casting, thaum cov hlau yog nchuav rau hauv tib lub pwm.

Dab tsi yog duab puab los ntawm tus kws kos duab pom? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib lub sij hawm los qhia rau tus kheej, embody nyob rau hauv daim duab ib tug lub zeem muag ntawm no los yog cov duab ntawd. Cov hom duab puab uas twb muaj lawm ua rau nws ua tau kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrhotxhua zajlus, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm kev txawj ntawm tus sculptor. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb me me. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev xyaum tsim sculptural dluab, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj creation thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom raw yuav pom tseeb. Av nplaum yog hloov los ntawm marble los yog vice versa, tawv pob zeb muab txoj kev rau av nplaum loj, ua raws li los ntawm firing ntawm cov khoom tiav.

Tus sculptor ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom thaum ua cov khoom me me.

David thiab Galatea

Thiab, thaum kawg, dab tsi yog duab puab hauv kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam uas tau kos duab thiab xav paub txog nws cov ntsiab lus tob? Ntawm chav kawm, cov no yog cov masterpieces ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb - ib tug marble sculpture ntawm David, uas yog sculpted los ntawm Michelangelo Buonarroti, los yog Pygmalion's Galatea, uas idolized lub creation ntawm nws txhais tes. Nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug pej thuam zoo nkauj li ib tug txiv neej yuav hlub ib tug poj niam. Puas yog qhov no tsis yog kos duab tiag?

Muaj ntau cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi cov duab puab yog, tab sis qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau saum npoo - cov duab puab yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb. Surrealism kuj tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau hom kev kos duab no, tab sis nws qhov tshwj xeeb tsis tso cai rau lub tswv yim kom paub meej, tus neeg saib yuav tsum xav txog.

Tus pej thuam Nefertiti

Sculpture li ib daim duab zoo nkauj muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Ib zaug, cov duab ntawm Egyptian poj huab tais Nefertiti hnub tim rau xyoo pua 14 BC tau pom. Kev ua yeeb yam zoo ntawm tus pej thuam tsis yog ib txwm cuam tshuam rau cov canons classic, txawm li cas los xij,qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj craftsmen uas sculpted 3-seem dluab hais ntim.

Hom thiab hom duab puab txawm tias yuav muaj ntau haiv neeg. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ancient sij hawm yog av nplaum, marble thiab sandstone. Ua tsaug rau ntau yam khoom siv, cov duab puab ua ib daim duab zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim rau ntau tshaj kaum tsib centuries. Ntau tshaj li ib tiam ntawm cov tswv tau hloov pauv, thiab niaj hnub no cov duab puab kos duab ua rau peb nco txog yav dhau los.

Ntau cov duab

Xav txog yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab puab. Cov npe suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

- Round, lossis voluminous, yog hom ntau tshaj plaws. Nws raug txiav txim siab los ntawm txhua sab, kev nkag mus ncig yog xav tau. Tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub dav hlau. Pawg ntawm cov duab puab puag ncig muaj xws li cov mlom, figurines thiab busts. Ib txoj haujlwm cais yog nyob ntawm cov duab puab ntoo, uas feem ntau yog ib qho haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm kev kos duab. Ib qho piv txwv yog Permian kos duab duab puab ua los ntawm ntoo.

- Cov duab puab yog monumental. Nws txawv qhov loj me. Nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau kaum meters hauv qhov siab. Piv txwv li, American Statue of Liberty, ntsia hauv Hudson Strait (plaub caug-rau meters siab), lub Argentinean tus pej thuam ntawm Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv Rio de Janeiro (38 meters), lub "Motherland" nyob rau hauv Volgograd (85 meters), lub "Motherland". " monument nyob rau hauv Kyiv (rau caum-ob meters). Feem ntau, cov pej thuam zoo li no yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Cov duab me me muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv, feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj.

Sculptures ntawm pedestals yog monuments nplooj siab raucov neeg zoo lossis cov xwm txheej.

- Tondo yog cov duab puab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bas-lief. Michelangelo Buonarroti ua haujlwm li no. Ob ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Doni Madonna thiab Tadei's Tondo. Raphael kuj siv cov txheej txheem no - nws tsim "Madonna Alba" thiab "Madonna hauv lub rooj zaum".

- Effigia yog lub pob zeb sculptural. Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv burials ntawm noble nobles. Feem ntau, daim duab rov qab pom tus neeg tuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, effigy tau siv los ua lub cim rau kev tua tus neeg raug txim txhaum cai, yog tias nws tau khiav tawm. Hauv qhov no, nws cov duab puab raug tua.

hom tsiaj

- Snow sculptures. Feem ntau yog snowman los yog snowman. Muaj cov piv txwv ntawm lub tsev loj heev snowmen. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1992, ib tug poj niam siab 37 meters tau molded nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, uas tau muab tso rau hauv Guinness Book of Records. Txhua xyoo, kev sib tw muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws snowman thiab sculptural pawg ntawm cov daus thiab dej khov.

- Cov yas me me - sculptural dluab tsis ntau tshaj 15 centimeters siab. Nws suav nrog ntau qhov chaw thematic: Chukchi carved pob txha, Bogorodsk carving, tin me me, glyptic (stone carving), me me dluab ntawm tsiaj. Txoj kev siv sij hawm ntau tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv kos duab zoo li glyptics. Pob txha carving kuj muaj nuj nqis. Cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam no yog walrus tusk - yas heev, zoo polishable. Feem ntau me me sculpturesyog tsim rau sab hauv tsim thiab embody arts thiab crafts.

Nrhiav Hom

- Netsuke - cov duab puab me me, cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob txha carving, lub teb chaws Nyiv cov khoom siv tes ua. Cov khoom siv yog cov fangs ntawm marine tsiaj los yog ivory (uas yog, tusks ntawm zoo tib yam av ntxhw). Cov phiaj xwm me me hauv cov style ntawm netsuke tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg. Cov no yog txhua yam ntawm figurines ntawm biblical ntsiab lus, figurines ntawm vajtswv, tsiaj thiab ntses. Kev kos duab ntawm Japanese pob txha carving yog nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Antique netsuke, uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj li ib puas xyoo, muaj nuj nqis heev. Cov khoom zoo li no suav hais tias yog qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab kim heev. Master carvers ntawm lub tsev kawm qub mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb, thiab kos duab ntawm netsuke maj mam degenerates. Cov tsev kawm ntawv uas qhia cov txheej txheem carving pob txha tsis muaj peev xwm dhau mus rau cov tiam tshiab tag nrho cov subtleties ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua.

- Medal art - sculptural dluab ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm bas-relief. Qee zaum, thaum daim duab yuav tsum convex ntau, xws li hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm kev txiav txim, cov khoom ntawm lub siab nyem yog siv.

- Mascaron - grotesque sculptural duab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus tsiaj lossis tib neeg lub ntsej muag. Feem ntau siv los piav qhia txog mythical plots, personifies phem thiab txaus ntshai. Ntau sculptures ua nyob rau hauv lub mascaron style yog siv los kho cov tuam tsev, cov tsev dawb ceev loj lossis cov vaj tsev loj heev.

Easelduab puab

Xav tias ze ze qhov kev nkag siab. Kev sib raug zoo nrog lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum lub ntsiab lus piav qhia tau pom, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev kawm ib puag ncig, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntsiab lus sab hauv.

Tsis yog txhua hom duab puab tau teev tseg, tab sis peb tau sim nthuav tawm cov neeg nyeem nrog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no tiag tiag.

Kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev tsim

Qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov duab puab nyob ntawm seb cov phiaj xwm pib, ntim, lub dav hlau lub teeb thiab kev sib raug zoo li cas. Muaj ntau yam kev tsim kho, thiab qhov kawg tshwm sim tau ua tiav qhov tseeb vim lawv ua raws. Sculptural art yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb nrog ntau yam tsis paub, tab sis lub ntsiab lus rau kev vam meej yog kev ncaj ncees ntawm silhouette thiab meej contours ntawm daim duab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus tswv yuav tsum qhia ntau thiab ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kos duab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab.

Sculpture technologies yog txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub cev, lawv kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam txheej txheem: embossing, forging, casting, vuam, carving, txhua yam kev txiav. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm rau ib tus sculptor los tsim cov khoom txij thaum pib mus txog rau thaum xaus, yog li cov kws pab tswv yim koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm, leej twg txiav lub pob zeb, daim ntawv castings thiab mint thawj theem ntawm daim duab.

Txhua lub sijhawm muaj cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tes ua. Qee tus sculptors sculpted los ntawm ib daimmarble, lwm tus nyiam cov khoom lag luam ntau dua, tab sis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshwj xeeb masterpieces los ntawm hauv qab cutter.

Cov duab puab keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub no zoo ib yam, lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke - qhov kev ntshaw ntawm cov tswv los piav txog qhov tseeb uas lawv nyob thiab koom nrog kev muaj tswv yim. Cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv qhov no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm eras.

Keeb Kwm thiab hom duab puab yog sib cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj cov lus qhia ntawm volumetric sculpture, uas tshwm sim hnub no. Yog li, cov txuj ci zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo dhau los yog cov organically txuas nrog cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yuav luag txhua hom duab puab nyob sab Europe muaj kev coj noj coj ua ua tsaug rau cov tswv uas nyob hauv lub kaum tsib - kaum cuaj caug xyoo, cov uas yog Auguste Rodin, Giovanni Bernini, Betto Bardi Donatello, Jean-Antoine Houdon, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Fedot Shubin. Cov txuj ci tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tswv no ua rau nws tuaj yeem sau tau ntau tus lej ntawm cov duab kos duab kos duab hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Lub xyoo pua 20th kuj tau muab rau noob neej lub galaxy ntawm cov kws txawj ntse ntawm cov duab puab, xws li Vera Mukhina, Sergei Konenkov, Aristide Maillol, Henry Moore, Emile Antoine Bourdelle. Nyob rau hauv tus account ntawm cov geniuses ntawm lawv cov hauj lwm - ntau memorial ensembles, pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug sculptures, chaw ua si complex nyob rau hauv qhib huab cua. Txhua hom duab puab, taw qhia rau kev teeb tsa hauv cov chaw pej xeem, yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv qee qhov kev xav.style, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm zoo nrog txoj haujlwm no.

Yuav kwv yees hom duab puab

Thiab thaum kawg ntawm kab lus no, peb xav qhia qee qhov kev soj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv ntau crosswords, chainwords los yog crossword puzzles, nws yog npaj los twv cov lus hauv qab no: "saib duab puab, 8 tsab ntawv." Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj koob meej ntawm sculptural art. Raws li rau cov lus teb rau lo lus nug nug, los ntawm yim tsab ntawv, muaj ntau lo lus muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no yog ob qho "bas-relief", thiab "siab nyem", thiab "monument"