Pavel Filonov: biography ntawm tus kws kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Filonov Pavel Nikolaevich - tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias, kos duab kos duab, kws sau paj huam, kos duab theorist. Yug hauv tsev neeg pluag hauv Moscow hauv 1883. Txij thaum yau, nws yuav tsum tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuaj siab. Orphaned thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog yau, nws khwv tau nws txoj sia los ntawm kev kho cov duab, embroidering ntaub pua rooj thiab napkins, pleev xim rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab ntim khoom. Tus tub lub peev xwm kos duab tau tshwm sim thaum muaj peb lossis plaub xyoos.

Nyob rau xyoo 1897 nws tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw nws pib kawm painting. Nyob rau hauv 1908, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25, Filonov nkag mus rau hauv St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, tab sis raug ntiab tawm ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1910, vim hais tias nws muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxeev siab tawm tsam cov dictates ntawm academy professors, uas ua classical qauv rau lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau sim tsim nws tus kheej los ua ib tus kws ua yeeb yam ywj pheej, tsis kam lees ntawm cov kab lis kev cai zoo nkauj. Qhov tseeb, Pavel Filonov tawm tsam ob qho tib si classical realism thiab avant-garde ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, uas yog cubism thiabfuturism. Indignant ntawm geometric thiab mechanical lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm xws li kos duab, nws ntseeg hais tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov txav no txhais cov xwm ib yam nkaus thiab, tsom rau tsuas yog ob ntawm nws yam: xim thiab daim ntawv.

Ua rau tus kheej qhia, tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm txawj ntse, tus kws kos duab yeej tsis muag nws cov duab thiab tsis sau dab tsi los xaj. Pavel Filonov coj tus kheej daim duab qhia los ntawm Lev Evgrafovich Dmitriev-Kavkazsky, ib tug tooj liab engraver, etcher thiab draftsman, mus saib nws "Student Workshop". Xyoo 1911, tus kws kos duab mus ncig ua si. Rau rau lub hlis nws mus ko taw nyob rau hauv Russia, Middle East, Ltalis thiab Fabkis. Txhawm rau them zaub mov thiab chaw nyob, nws pleev xim rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev uas nws nrhiav chaw nyob.

Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ib, Pavel Filonov tau tawm tsam ntawm Romanian pem hauv ntej. Unconditionally txais lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, tau raug xaiv tsa tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm cheeb tsam Danube. Rov qab mus rau Petrograd, nws nrhiav tau ib tug painting studio, uas tsim scenery rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm theatrical ua yeeb yam, illustrations rau Finnish epic Kalevala.

Ob txoj haujlwm sau rau xyoo 1910 tau cia siab tias yuav txhim kho tus kws kos duab txoj kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov no yog "Peasant Family" thiab "Heads", vim hais tias ntawm Pavel Filonov raug ntiab tawm ntawm Academy. Cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab lawv.

"Lub Ntiaj Teb Bloom" yog lub npe muab los ntawm tus kws kos duab rau nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev kos duab, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sim ntsuas kub-futuristic ua los ntawm nws hauvXyoo 1913-1915. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txoj kev nthuav dav heev thiab ntau yam - daim duab yog tsim los ntawm qhov taw tes rau cov duab dav dav ("zoo li cov noob qoob loo") nrog lub thinnest ntawm txhuam thiab xaum ntse ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj tus. Cov duab muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus pom (xws li hauv cubism), tab sis kuj yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev simultaneity, tus yam ntxwv ntawm futurism. Lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia hauv kev ua haujlwm "Paj Paj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Bloom" hauv xyoo 1915. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov kho thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "Kev Tshaj Tawm" hauv xyoo 1923, thaum Pavel Nikolayevich Filonov tau raug xaiv los ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Petrograd Academy of Arts. Lub tswv yim ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb tau luam tawm xyoo 1930.

Txawm hais tias nws cov txuj ci zoo kawg tau lees paub hauv xyoo 1920, tus kws kos duab tom qab tsis pom kev nkag siab nrog cov neeg thuam. Nws qhov kev nthuav tawm hauv Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej tau raug txwv, thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov phooj ywg tau tso nws tseg. Mikhail Larionov thiab Natalya Goncharova emigrated, Velimir Khlebnikov tuag. Nws tus kheej tsis tau sim ua ib yam dab tsi kom nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev tawm, vim nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Tsis kam koom nrog kev nthuav qhia hauv Paris, Dresden, Venice, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Filonov xav kom nws tej hauj lwm yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv tsev, nws npau suav ntawm tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm analytical art. Peb zaug nws tau tso tseg qhov kev lees paub los ua tus xibfwb ntawm Academy of Arts, piav qhia nws qhov kev txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws ntshai ntawm kev tsis sib haum nrog nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau xyoo 1930, qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej hloov zuj zus. Tab sis txawm tias muaj teeb meem, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshaib kev nqhisthiab qhov txias yeej. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1941, thaum pib ntawm lub siege ntawm Leningrad, Pavel Filonov tau pom tuag hauv nws chav tsev.