Shchukin Sergey Ivanovich: biography, tsev neeg, sau

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin yog ib tus neeg paub zoo thiab tus neeg pabcuam nyiaj txiag. Ib phau ntawm nws paintings yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Hermitage thiab lub State Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej. Lub Xya Hli 27, 1854 yog suav tias yog hnub yug ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb ntawm Fabkis painting. Shchukin tuag rau lub Ib Hlis 10, 1936.

Ntxhais niam txiv

Lub Shchukin dynasty yog nqis los ntawm Kaluga tub lag luam. Lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam, kev lag luam acumen thiab lub peev xwm los saib yav tom ntej cov txiaj ntsig tau nyob hauv Sergei Ivanovich cov ntshav. Sergei txiv, Ivan Vasilyevich, tau los ua ib tug menyuam ntsuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim. Tom qab tau txais kev lag luam hauv tsev neeg, Ivan Shchukin tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv tau nce nyiaj txiag ntawm tsev neeg ntau zaus. Tus txiv neej tau ua tiav hauv ntau qhov kev sim siab.

Nws tau yuav tus ntxhais ntawm cov tub lag luam tshuaj yej. Ntau tus neeg nto moo tau hais txog Ekaterina Petrovna. Ua tsaug rau nws, tag nrho tsev neeg Shchukin tau koom nrog kev kos duab siab, uas cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej txoj hmoo ntawm Sergei Ivanovich.

Txawm hais tias Sergei Schukin tau yug los hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom muaj nyiaj, tus tub hluas tsis tau txais kev kawm txog hnub nyoog kaum yim. Lub ntsiab lus yog qhov ntawd xwbkaum cuaj xyoo, thaum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thaum kawg nws tau rov qab los ntawm nws stutter. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus tub hluas nkag mus rau German Academy ntawm Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam, nyob hauv lub nroog Gera. Ntxiv rau Sergei, peb tus tub ntxiv tau coj los rau hauv tsev neeg: Ivan, Peter thiab Dmitry. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm tag nrho nws cov kwv tij, nws yog Sergey uas tau dhau los ua qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm yuav luag txhua yam nws kov.

Tej zaum, qhov kev ua tsis tau zoo uas tus neeg siab dawb tau tawm tsam tag nrho nws lub neej cuam tshuam. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseeb tias Sergei muaj qhov loj me me, nws tau hais kom ua tib zoo tag nrho nws lub neej, rau siab ntso hais cov lus. Yog li, nws tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib tham tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsis txaus siab, uas cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem kho kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim. Txhua tus tub txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm lawv txiv. Xyoo 1878, lub tuam txhab "Ivan Schukin nrog cov tub" tau tsim, qhov twg tag nrho cov kwv tij tau nkag mus ua tus khub sib npaug.

Production activity

Lub tuam txhab ua tau zoo heev. Kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tsev lag luam tau nthuav dav thiab nthuav dav. Tam sim no nws suav nrog feem ntau ntawm textile factories hauv Moscow thiab cov nroog ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, Shchukin cov kwv tij yog cov tub lag luam zoo heev. Qhov no yog pov thawj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm biography ntawm Sergei Shchukin, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub fact tias tsev neeg trading tsev yog tus thawj coj ntawm buyers ntawm paj rwb thiab ntaub plaub. Raws li kaum xyoo tom qab, Sergey Ivanovich tau txais lub npe ntawm Kev Lag Luam Advisor.

qeb thiab txoj haujlwm

Hauv xyoo 1891, Shchukin tau los ua tub lag luam ntawm thawj guild. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nws twb yog ib tug adviserkev lag luam, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub department ntawm lub Council of Trade ntawm manufactories ntawm lub nroog ntawm Moscow. Rau xyoo tom qab, nws tau raug xaiv los ntawm Lub Nroog Duma, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm tau peb xyoos. Kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, Shchukin tuav ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Exchange Society, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub lag luam credit zej zog ntawm lub nroog ntawm Moscow. Rau nws tuav hlau, nws tau hu ua "porcupine." Nws tau ua tiav hauv kev sau thiab ua lag luam.

Pib sib sau

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin, nws lub siab xav mus sau tau pib hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua nws thawj qhov kev yuav khoom tom qab tau txais lub tsev loj. Tom qab muag cov riam phom muaj txiaj ntsig khaws cia hauv tsev, Shchukin yuav ib daim duab los ntawm Norwegian artist Taulov. Nws rov qab los rau xyoo 1882.

Yog li no yog qhov pib ntawm kev sau. Tus neeg sau nyiam ua txhua yam nws yuav khoom hauv Paris. Yim xyoo tom qab, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws tus tij laug Ivan, nws tau txais ob peb paintings los ntawm impressionist artists. Tshaj li rau xyoo tom ntej, nws cov khoom sau tau rov qab ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tswv xws li Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir thiab Edgar Degas. Shchukin nyiam hu nws tus kheej ua ib tug neeg pab txhawb nqa cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis nyiam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov duab kos tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb, thiab lawv cov kws sau ntawv tseem qhuas.

Kuj lub sijhawm no, cov duab kos los ntawm Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin thiab Paul Cezanne tau txais. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tus patron nyiam tsuas yog ib qho kev coj ua zoo nkauj xwb. Piv txwv li, nws feem ntau yuav tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab tsim los ntawm Fauvist ntxias. Nrog qee tus tswvua phooj ywg thiab sib tham. Yeej, tag nrho cov hauj lwm tau yuav ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub rooj cob qhia, thiab Sergei Ivanovich tsuas yuav ob peb ntawm nws paintings los ntawm nws tus tij laug Peter, thaum nws pib xav tau nyiaj vim tsev neeg xwm txheej.

Ua haujlwm zoo tshaj

Shchukin tau txaus siab los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm avant-garde artists, tab sis ob peb tau qhia nws saj. Feem ntau ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas nws lub tsev hauv Moscow tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov duab nws coj rov qab. Tej zaum cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Sergei Ivanovich yog Claude Monet thiab Henri Matisse. Monet thawj painting yog Lilacs nyob rau hauv lub hnub, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1897. Thiab qhov kawg - "Tus Poj Niam Hauv Lub Vaj." Ob peb daim duab, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tus thawj coj yuav los ntawm nws tus kwv Peter, thaum nws xav tau nyiaj. Cov no yog cov duab kos los ntawm Suriname, Raffaello, Renoir, Pissarro thiab Denis. Rau nws txoj kev hlub ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev sau hauv xyoo 1910, Sergei Ivanovich tau txais txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Jack of Diamonds Society of Artists.

Qee zaum nws yuav paintings nyob rau hauv tag nrho series. Piv txwv li, nws yuav kaum rau paintings los ntawm Gauguin, feem ntau yog lub ntsiab ntawm Tahiti. Tom qab yuav yim paintings los ntawm Cezanne, plaub los ntawm Van Gogh thiab rau Rousseau, Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin tig nws lub siab rau Picasso. Qhov tseeb zoo kawg li yog tias tus sau tau xyaum tsis nyiam cov neeg ua yeeb yam yav dhau los. Nws nyiam cov hluas, qee zaum xyaum tsis paub. Nws nyiam cov neeg sau ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv ntiaj teb kev kos duab.

Tej zaum tus cwj pwm no tau piav qhia los ntawm Shchukin cov tub lag luam pom txhua yamtshwm sim. Ib qho ntawm nws nyiam hais tias: "Ib daim duab zoo yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib daim duab pheej yig." Tau txais cov duab kos duab, nws nyiam sib tham. Nws paub tias yav tom ntej kev sau yuav ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Raws li ib txwm muaj, Shchukin tsis yuam kev. Nws paub tias nws ib zaug yuav kaum tsib paintings rau ib lab francs. Tam sim no, tsuas yog ib daim duab ntawm kaum tsib no muaj nqis ntau dua.

East in his collection

Sau Sergei Schukin yog ib tus neeg nyiam taug kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ntxim nyiam heev rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws tus poj niam uas nws hlub Lydia muaj lub ntsej muag oriental thiab tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Shamakhanskaya huab tais" hauv Moscow. Nws tau ua lag luam ntau nrog cov tuam txhab hauv Is Nrias teb, Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov lag luam tau pauv nrog tag nrho Central Asia thiab Morocco.

Tus neeg lub ntiaj teb sab hnub tuaj rau nws yog, tau kawg, Henri Matisse. Ib qho ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sau khoom sau yog "Red Room", uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Ua tus qhuas ntawm tus kws kos duab, Shchukin tau xaj lub vaj huam sib luag "Music" thiab "Dance" los ntawm Henri Matisse, uas nws tsim nws lub tsev.

Txoj hmoo ntawm kev sib sau

Sergei Schukin cov khoom sau tau nrawm heev. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim them nyiaj rau cov kws ua yeeb yam, nws qhib lub txhab nyiaj hauv Berlin. Twb tau thaum lub sijhawm tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Sergei Ivanovich txuas ntxiv siv nws. Shchukin lees txim rau nws tus ntxhais tias nws tau txais cov duab spontaneously. Thaum nws pom ib qho tsim nyog tsim, nws muaj kev ntshaw tam sim ntawdua kev yuav khoom. Yog tias thaum pib ntawm nws kev sau nws tau them nyiaj ntau rau Impressionists, tom qab nws ob lub qhov muag hloov mus rau Post-Impressionists.

Raws li zaj dab neeg mus, Sergei Shchukin, thaum lub sijhawm nws lub neej, qhib lub tsev loj rau txhua tus neeg uas xav paub txog kev tsim ntawm Fabkis zoo. Thaum nyob rau hauv exile, nws, zoo li ntau lwm manufacturers uas tseem tsis tau ua hauj lwm, sim coj nws sau los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov phooj ywg, nws tau tawm ntawm nws tus kheej mus rau qhov poob thiab txiav txim siab tawm hauv cov duab rau nws lub tebchaws qub. Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb yog tias nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo pua dhau los, tus txiv ntawm tus ntxhais Sergei Shchukin, uas xav nyob nrog tsoomfwv tshiab, tau los ua thawj tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tag nrho lub teb chaws sau tseg tseem tsis tau raug cuam tshuam kiag li, thiab thaum pib lub Kaum Ib Hlis xyoo kaum yim, uas yog, peb lub hlis tom qab tus tswv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Pib los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub xyoo kaum cuaj, cov paintings ntawm patron of the arts Shchukin tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Western painting. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, lub sau tau muab faib ntawm Leningrad thiab Moscow. Shchukin's biographer hais tias ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo ntawm kev sau, yuav luag peb puas paintings tau sau los ntawm tus patron. Cov sau tiav tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv album. Thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov duab kos tuaj yeem nthuav tawm.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Tus naas ej philanthropist Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin tau sib yuav ob zaug. Txhua tus pojniam muab menyuam rau nws. Thawj tus poj niam, Lydia Koreneva, yog tus ntxhais ntawm Yekaterinoslav tus tswv av. Lydia yog qhov zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Nws nyiam khaub ncaws thiab nws txoj kev mob siab rau yog kev xav.

Tsis zoo li nws tus poj niam, Sergei yog ib tus neeg paub zoo tiag tiag thiab nyiam cov zaub mov zoo tib yam thiab pw tsaug zog ntawm lub qhov rais qhib. Los ntawm kev sib yuav, ib tug ntxhais, Ekaterina, thiab cov tub, Sergei, Ivan thiab Grigory, tau yug los. Nyob rau hauv 1907, Shchukin tau los ua ib tug poj ntsuam thiab remarried ob peb xyoos tom qab. Tus poj niam thib ob yog pianist Nadezhda Mirotvortseva, uas yug nws ib tug ntxhais, Irina. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua raws li kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, Shchukins coj ob tug menyuam mus rau hauv tsev: Varvara thiab Anna.

tsev neeg teeb meem

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Sergey Ivanovich Shchukin kuj muaj cov kab txaij dub. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub neej ntawm qee tus neeg hlub tau ua tsis tiav. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim, nws tus tub hlub Sergei poob dej. Ob xyoos tom qab, tus poj niam ntawm tus patron, tus zoo nkauj Lydia, tua tus kheej, tsis muaj peev xwm tiv nrog nws txoj kev tu siab. Lwm tus tub ntawm Shchukin, Grigory, ua tib yam, thiab muab nws dai nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tsis tau xaus rau ntawd, thiab tom qab ib ntus nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj tus kwv tij uas nws hlub Ivan tau tua nws tus kheej.

Cov xwm txheej no muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav heev rau lub siab ntawm tus neeg pab nyiaj. Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin chim heev los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov neeg hlub thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm sim ua ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws los yog mus rau hauv seclusion. Txhawm rau them nyiaj rau qhov mob ntawm kev poob, Shchukin pib them nyiaj ntau ntxiv rau nws sau. Nws yog lub sijhawm nyuaj no uas feem ntau ntawm cov duab ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tau txais.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv exile

Raws li Shchukin tus tub xeeb ntxwv, Andre-Marc Deloc-Fourcot, nco qab, nws yawg lub neej hauv Paris tau zoo siab heev thiab ntsuas. Nws tus ntxhais kawg tau yug los thaum Shchukin muaj hnub nyoog yuav luag xya caum xyoo. Tag nrho tsev neeg nyob ntsiag to thiablub neej xis nyob, mus ncig ntau thiab tham nrog phooj ywg. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, Sergei Ivanovich tau tswj hwm hloov tus nqi tsim nyog mus rau Swiss bank hauv 1918, uas tso cai rau nws tsev neeg tsis txhob nyob hauv kev txom nyem.

Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin tsis koom nrog kev sau, txwv nws tus kheej mus yuav ob peb daim duab uas nws dai hauv nws chav. Nws nyob hauv Nice, lub nroog zoo nkauj Mediterranean. Txawm hais tias lub kiv puag ncig tau tshem nws txoj haujlwm ntawm nws lub neej, nws tsis khuv xim dab tsi thiab muaj kev xav txog qhov tseeb no.

Nyob rau xyoo 2016, cov ntaub ntawv raug tso tawm, uas yog hu ua: Sergey Schukin. Tus sau keeb kwm. Qhov project tau tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Tatyana Rakhmanova ua tus thawj coj.