Perov Vasily Grigorievich: duab, lawv lub npe thiab piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Vasily Grigorievich Perov (1834-1882) - tus zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab-tus neeg taug kev. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws tau lees paub tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hnub kev muaj tiag thiab keeb kwm kev kos duab, tus tswv zoo tshaj plaws portrait. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Perov Vasily Grigorievich nrog cov npe, peb yuav muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Perov paub rau peb ua tus tsim thiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum ywj pheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, uas ua haujlwm raws li lub npe "Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions". Cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum no kuj hu ua - itinerant artists. Lawv sib piv lawv cov hauj lwm nrog cov hauj lwm ntawm "cov kws tshawb fawb" nrog lawv cov canvases ntawm biblical thiab mythological kev kawm thiab portraits nyob rau hauv ceremonial style. Lub npe hu ua salon toj roob hauv pes tau nrov. Cov kws kos duab Lavxias suav nrog, piv txwv li, Alexander Ivanov thiab Karl Bryullov.

Cov Neeg Tawm Tsam tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg thiab lawv cov kab lis kev cai. Thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm paintings los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam koom nrog lub koom haum no tau muaj nyob rau hauv 1871 nyob rau hauv lub tsev qhov twg St. Petersburg Academy of Arts nyob. Tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm no tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, Kyiv, Kharkov. Ib hom "hits" ntawm kev sau cov duab tom qab ntawd los ua cov canvases "Rooks tau tuaj txog" los ntawm A. Savrasov thiab "Peter I interrogates Alexei Petrovich hauv Peterhof" los ntawm N. Ge.

Kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wanderers tau tshwm sim hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm cov xwm txheej no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, kev paub ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv xeev Lavxias nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias tus kws kos duab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev hlub rau kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, cov kws ua yeeb yam muag lawv cov canvases, txij li thaum muaj kev koom tes ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nuj nqis. Lawv tau txais ob qho tib si hauv tsev cia puav pheej thiab rau cov khoom ntiag tug. Feem ntau cov Wanderers pleev xim rau portraits.

Cov tswv nto moo xws li Ilya Repin, Vasily Surikov, Ivan Kramskoy, Ivan Shishkin, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov, Vasily Perov thiab lwm tus tau koom nrog kev koom tes hauv ntau lub sijhawm.

Ntiaj teb txheej txheem rau Easter

Twb yog thawj daim duab kos duab no, ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas pawg thawj coj ntawm Academy of Arts Vasily Perov hauv xyoo 1861, ua rau muaj kev txaus ntshai rau pawg thawj coj ntawm cov xibfwb qhia ntawv: tus pov thawj tau piav qhia hauv nws qaug dej qaug cawv, sawv ntsug, feem ntau ntawm cov parishioners tib yam.

Txoj kev cai dab qhuas, suav nrog cov parishioners huv si, ntog tawm ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab mus rau slushy slushytxoj kev. Qee tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tuav lub icon upside down, thiab sexton pw ntawm lub sam thiaj yuav luag tsis nco qab los ntawm cov cawv uas nws tau qaug cawv. Thiab saib ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv qhov kev txav no nyuaj siab heev.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj, tom qab kev ua koob tsheej Easter - lub sij hawm no cov pov thawj feem ntau tuaj xyuas cov parishioners. Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm hnub so hauv txhua lub tsev, tau kawg, kev hwm thiab kev kho mob tau npaj rau nws.

Daim duab kos duab ntawm Vasily Grigorievich Perov's painting "Nyob deb nroog Procession ntawm Easter" raug tsis lees paub, thiab daim ntaub, uas Perov tsis nyob tom qab rov qab los ua haujlwm, raug txwv. Acquaintances kwv yees rau tus artist, es tsis txhob ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau ltalis, exile yuav luag rau Solovki. Lub siab tshaj Synod hu ua painting "slander" thiab "kev tuag ntawm high art." Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kws kos duab tau pom meej meej rau ntau tus: tus neeg uas raug hu ua tus tswv yug yaj sab ntsuj plig yog qhov tseeb deb ntawm kev siab dua cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj kev huv. Nws yog ib tug ntawm tag nrho cov, nrog tib tej kev txhaum thiab kev qaug zog. Puas yog ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm coj cov ntseeg? Tus kws kos duab tso cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm pej xeem.

Troika

Ntawm cov duab ntawm Perov Vasily Grigorievich, qhov no yog tej zaum qhov kev tu siab tshaj plaws thiab ua rau lub siab kov. Nws lwm lub npe yog "Cov neeg txawj ntse nqa dej." Tus kws kos duab tau pleev xim rau hauv xyoo 1866. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm - qhov loj ntawm daim ntaub yog 123.5 x 167.5 cm.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab no, tus kws kos duab txhob txwm siv kev tsaus ntuj, tsis muajbrightness, dull xim. Peb cov menyuam yaus hauv cov ntaub qhwv - ob tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais, straining, rub ib lub thoob dej khov. Cov menyuam yaus qaug zog thiab qaug zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Lub caij ntuj no cua txias tsoo lawv lub ntsej muag. Hauv qab lub thoob yog txhawb nqa thiab thawb los ntawm ib tug neeg laus uas lub ntsej muag uas peb tsis pom, tus dev khiav mus rau sab ntawm cov menyuam yaus.

Ntawm no yog qhov kev thuam thiab keeb kwm kos duab V. V. Stasov sau txog qhov haujlwm no:

Leej twg ntawm peb tsis paub Perov's "Troika", cov menyuam yaus Moscow, uas raug yuam los ntawm tus tswv kom rub lub vats loj ntawm dej rau ntawm ib lub sled hla dej khov. Tag nrho cov me nyuam no, tej zaum, yog cov neeg nyob deb nroog thiab tsuas yog coj mus rau Moscow rau nuv ntses. Tab sis lawv raug kev txom nyem npaum li cas hauv "kev nuv ntses" no! Cov lus qhia txog kev txom nyem uas tsis muaj kev cia siab, ib qho ntawm kev raug ntaus mus ib txhis yog kos rau ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag nkees, daj ntseg; Tag nrho lub neej yog qhia nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub, hauv lawv poses, thaum hnyav tig taub hau, hauv lawv qhov muag tsim txom…

Daim duab no ua rau Perov yog "tus kws kos duab ntawm tib neeg kev nyuaj siab" thiab coj nws lub npe zoo tsim nyog ntawm kev kawm.

Hloov chaw so

Cov tsos ntawm daim ntaub no ua rau muaj kev xav ntau ntawm cov amateurs, connoisseurs ntawm painting thiab thuam. Lub canvas tau muab piv nrog "Notes of a Hunter" los ntawm I. S. Turgenev, thaum liam tus kws kos duab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntau dhau ntawm qhov chaw. M. E. S altykov-Shchedrin, piv txwv li, tau hais txog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab kev dag ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. F. M. Dostoevsky tau sib cav nrog nws, uas hais tias:

Qhov zoo nkauj! Tau kawg, piav qhia - yog li cov Germans yuav nkag siab, tab sis lawv yuav tsis to taub, zoo li peb, tias qhov no yog Lavxiasib tug dag thiab hais tias nws yog dag nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom qab tag nrho, peb yuav luag hnov thiab paub nws hais dab tsi, peb paub tag nrho cov tig ntawm nws cov lus dag, nws style, nws txoj kev xav!

Yog li, "Hunters ntawm So", uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1871, txuas ntxiv cov duab zoo sib xws los ntawm tus kws kos duab Perov Vasily Grigorievich, xws li "Birdcatcher", "Tus Neeg nuv ntses", "Nuv ntses", "Pigeon", thiab tau los ua qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov canvases.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, Perov, uas twb tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus xibfwb ntawm Academy of Arts, tsawg thiab tsawg feem ntau embodied nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm scenes qhia txog cov kev txom nyem thiab injustices ntawm pej xeem lub neej, sib zog ua kom tag nrho realization ntawm nws kev txawj ntse.

Nyob ntawm lub canvas "Hunters at So" muaj ib qho kev sib xyaw pem hauv ntej: tau txiav txim siab los so tom qab yos hav zoov, peb tus neeg zaum, zoo li thiab lawv ib puag ncig (phom, hnab game thiab horn, tua game, a yos hav zoov aub) - avid hunters. Ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb yog cov neeg laus "liar", zoo siab qhia nws cov dab neeg txog cov dab neeg tsis txaus ntseeg uas tshwm sim rau nws ntawm kev yos hav zoov, nws tus phooj ywg nruab nrab hnub nyoog, uas khawb pob ntseg, luag ntxhi, thiab ib tug neeg yos hav zoov hluas, ntseeg siab mloog. cov dab neeg no. Daim duab yog sustained nyob rau hauv brownish "Autumn" tones. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ncov ntawm kev yos hav zoov tau meej nyob rau lub sijhawm no.

About prototypes

Nyob hauv daim duab no, qhov tseeb, muaj peb portraits ib zaug. Raws li koj paub, cov qauv ntawm cov cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog cov neeg tiag tiag,uas, ntawm chav kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fueled kev txaus siab ntawm pej xeem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm ib tug "liar", uas zoo siab hlo qhia kev lom zem, tab sis rau feem ntau cov feem ntau unprecedented yos hav zoov dab neeg, muaj ntau yam paub Dmitry Kuvshinnikov, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus hlub ntawm kev yos hav zoov phom. Cov neeg sau ntawv keeb kwm paub tias tib neeg ua haujlwm raws li Chekhov tus qauv rau Dymov (zaj dab neeg "Tus Jumper").

Tus kws kho mob thiab tus kws kos duab nyiam ua yeeb yam Vasily Bessonov "ua si" qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis ntseeg ib lo lus ua phooj ywg. Tab sis tus hluas yos hav zoov, naively ntseeg "dag", yog "ua si" los ntawm Nikolai Nagornov, uas yav tom ntej yuav los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub nroog Council nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Portrait ntawm F. M. Dostoevsky

Hauv xyoo 1872, Perov tau pleev xim rau ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws - ib daim duab ntawm Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm P. M. Tretyakov, tus tswv ntawm Art Gallery hauv Moscow. Hais txog txoj haujlwm zoo, tus kws sau ntawv tus poj niam tau hais tias Perov tau tswj hwm qhov "feeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim" ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, thaum nws, tsom ntsoov rau nws txoj kev xav, zoo li "saib rau hauv nws tus kheej."

Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kos duab I. N. Kramskoy yuav tshuaj xyuas cov duab no nrog cov lus no:

Daim duab no tsis yog tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws portrait ntawm Perov, tab sis kuj yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws portraits ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv nws, tag nrho cov muaj zog ntawm tus kws kos duab yog pom tseeb: tus cwj pwm, lub hwj chim ntawm kev qhia, loj loj nyem thiab, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua muaj thiab txawm, ib tug tej zaum yuav hais tias, tsuas yog lub sij hawm ntsib nrog Perov, yog xim. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab qee yam ntawm qhov ntse thiab lub zog ntawm cov contours,ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv nws paintings, nyob rau hauv no portrait lawv yog softened los ntawm ib tug amazing xim thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tones; saib nws, qhov zoo, koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas xav tsis thoob, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tseem nyob, tau kawg, qhov kev qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo thiab tus neeg …

Peb tau muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov duab los ntawm Perov Vasily Grigoryevich - tus kws kos duab Lavxias zoo tshaj.