Vasily Zhukovsky: biography thiab creativity
Vasily Zhukovsky: biography thiab creativity

Video: Vasily Zhukovsky: biography thiab creativity

Video: Vasily Zhukovsky: biography thiab creativity
Video: Василий Жуковский краткая биография 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Koj puas xav ntsib tus kws sau paj huam zoo li Vasily Zhukovsky? Ib tug luv luv biography ntawm nws yuav tsum txaus siab rau lovers ntawm ntaub ntawv. Pib raws li ib tug sentimentalist, Zhukovsky los ua ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Lavxias teb sab romanticism. Nws paj huam yog tag nrho ntawm cov duab ntawm pej xeem fantasy, melancholy npau suav. Vasily Zhukovsky txhais cov hauj lwm ntawm J. Byron, F. Schiller, Homer's Odyssey. Peb caw koj los kawm paub ntxiv txog nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Keeb kwm ntawm V. A. Zhukovsky

Vasily Zhukovsky
Vasily Zhukovsky

Vasily Zhukovsky yug hauv nrog. Mishensky, Tula xeev, Lub Ib Hlis 29, 1783. Nws txiv, A. I. Bunin, yog tus tswv av ntawm lub zos no, thiab nws niam yog ib tug poj niam Turkish raug ntes. Vasily Zhukovsky tau txais nws lub npe patronymic thiab lub xeem los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Bunins, Andrey Grigoryevich Zhukovsky. Tsev neeg Bunin, tsis ntev ua ntej yug tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej, raug kev txom nyem txaus ntshai: nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, ntawm 11 tus neeg, rau tus neeg tuag, suav nrogtib tug tub uas kawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv University of Leipzig. Maria Grigorievna, mob siab, nco txog nws tus tub txiav txim siab coj tus menyuam yug tshiab rau hauv nws tsev neeg thiab tsa nws ua nws tus tub.

Studying at a boarding school

Tam sim no tus tub los ua tus nyiam ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14, Vasily nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce qib hauv Moscow. Nws kawm nyob ntawd tau 4 xyoos. Lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib tsis tau muab kev paub dav dav, tab sis raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau sib sau ua ke los nyeem lawv cov kev sim sau ntawv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv periodicals.

thawj ua haujlwm

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich biography luv luv
Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich biography luv luv

Tsis ntev tau luam tawm nws thawj zaug thiab Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. Nws biography tau cim los ntawm nws debut nyob rau hauv luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1797. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm yog "Xav txog ntawm Qhov ntxa". Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev tuag ntawm V. A. Yushkova. Thaum lub sij hawm kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib (los ntawm 1797 txog 1801), Zhukovsky tej hauj lwm hauv qab no tau luam tawm: nyob rau hauv 1797 - "May Morning", nyob rau hauv 1798 - "Virtue", nyob rau hauv 1800 - "Peace" thiab "To Tibullu", nyob rau hauv 1801 - "Rau tus neeg" thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog dominated los ntawm ib daim ntawv melancholic. Tus kws sau paj lug raug ntaus los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub neej, uas zoo li nws puv ntawm kev txom nyem thiab kua muag. Qhov kev xav no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev sau ntawv nyiam ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov tseeb yog tias thawj cov haujlwm ntawm Vasily Andreevich tau tshwm sim thaum ntau tus neeg qhuas Karamzin's "Poor Lisa", luam tawm xyoo 1792.xyoo. Countless imitations tshwm sim.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam tau piav qhia los ntawm kev zam. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky tsis nco qab los ntawm lwm tus lossis los ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws muaj txoj haujlwm tsis meej pem hauv ntiaj teb. Tus kws sau ntawv thaum yau thiab hluas tsis zoo siab.

Thawj hloov, rov qab mus rau lub zos

Biography ntawm Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky
Biography ntawm Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky

Thawj tus txhais lus ntawm Zhukovsky, tus tshiab "Tus Tub ntawm kwj" los ntawm Kotzebue (1801), kuj yog lub sijhawm kawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nce qib. Vasily Andreevich, tom qab kawm tiav ntawm chav kawm, nkag mus rau qhov kev pab cuam, tab sis sai sai txiav txim siab tawm nws. Nws nyob hauv Mishenskoye thiaj li yuav tau kawm ntxiv.

Creativity ntawm 1802-1808

Xyoo 1803, Zhukovsky zaj dab neeg "Vadim Novgorodsky" tau sau thiab luam tawm. Nws qhia tau hais tias nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sij hawm no tus kws sau paj lug pib kawm keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Russia.

Thaum nws lub neej nyob hauv lub tebchaws (1802-1808), Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky xyaum tsis luam nws tej hauj lwm. Nws biography yog cim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm tsuas yog ob peb yam tshiab creation. Nyob rau hauv "Bulletin of Europe" nyob rau hauv 1802, nws nto moo "Ntiaj teb toj ntxas" tau muab tso rau - ib tug hloov los yog ib tug dawb txhais lus los ntawm Grey. Txoj hauj lwm no tam sim ntawd nyiam mloog. Naturalness thiab simplicity tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm lub sijhawm thaum grandiloquent pseudo-classicism tseem dominated. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, Zhukovsky tsim Maryina Roscha, ib zaj dab neeg sau ua qauv ntawm Lisa Tsis Zoo.

Vasily Andreevich hauv xyoo 1806 tau teb rau cov neeg nyiam dav davmus ob peb vas "Song ntawm bard tshaj lub hleb ntawm lub yeej Slavs". "Lyudmila" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1808. Nws yog reworking ntawm Burger's Lenore. Nws yog nrog lub ballad "Lyudmila" uas romanticism nkag mus rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Vasily Andreevich raug ntes los ntawm sab ntawm nws, qhov chaw uas nws tab tom sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm medieval legends thiab legends.

Zhukovsky tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm "Lyudmila". Kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tu ncua ua raws ib qho tom qab. Vasily Andreevich txhais cov kws sau paj huam German. Thiab nws txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws yog txuam nrog kev tsim ntawm Schiller. Lub sijhawm no, Zhukovsky kuj tsim cov haujlwm qub. Piv txwv li, thawj ib feem ntawm zaj paj huam "Twelve Sleeping Maidens" nyob rau hauv lub npe "Thunderbolt" tshwm sim, nrog rau ntau yam lus hais.

Tsiv mus rau Moscow, kho cov haujlwm

Tib lub sijhawm, Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich tau los ua tus editor ntawm Vestnik Evropy. Nws luv luv biography yog cim los ntawm kev tsiv mus rau Moscow kom ua tiav txoj hauj lwm no. Cov haujlwm kho mob txuas ntxiv mus rau ob xyoos, txij xyoo 1809 txog 1810. Ua ntej, Vasily Andreevich ua hauj lwm ib leeg, ces ua ke nrog Kachenovsky. Vestnik Evropy thaum kawg tsiv mus rau tom kawg.

Zhukovskiy's Heart Drama

Biography ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky
Biography ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky

Tom qab ntawd, Zhukovsky rov qab los rau nws lub zos thiab ntsib kev ua yeeb yam mob siab rau ntawm no. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, nws pib kawm nrog nws cov xeeb ntxwv, cov ntxhais ntawm E. A. Protasova, tus ntxhais yau ntawm tus tswv av Bunin. Ekaterina Afanasyevna tau ua poj ntsuam tsis ntev ua ntej thiab nyob hauv Belev. Vasily Andreevich mob siab rau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Maria Protasova, nws tus tub hlob hlob. Cov motifs nyiam ntawm nws cov nkauj yog kev npau suav ntawm kev sib nrig sib hlub thiab kev zoo siab ntawm tsev neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, Zhukovsky txoj kev xav sai sai tau coj lub suab nrov melancholy. Tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo ua rau txoj kev hlub no ua tsis tau rau lwm tus lub qhov muag. Tus kws sau paj lug yuav tsum ua tib zoo zais nws txoj kev xav. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv poetic outpourings nws nrhiav tau ib txoj kev tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Zhukovsky. Nrog rau kev mob siab rau, nws pib kawm keeb kwm, Lavxias teb sab thiab thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tau txais kev paub zoo.

"Ib tug neeg hu nkauj hauv lub yeej tub rog Lavxias" thiab "Svetlana"

Zhukovsky xyoo 1812 txiav txim siab thov tes ntawm Maria Protasova los ntawm nws niam, tab sis tau txais kev txiav txim siab tsis kam. Tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev sib yuav. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd Vasily Andreevich tawm mus rau Moscow. Ntawm no Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich koom nrog pab tub rog. Luv luv txog qhov kev paub no, peb tuaj yeem hais cov hauv qab no. Nqa tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev hlub nrog uas cov tub rog Lavxias raug ntes, nyob rau hauv lub camp ze Tarutin Zhukovsky sau "Ib tug hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub camp ntawm Lavxias teb sab Warriors". Txoj haujlwm no tam sim ntawd tau txais koob meej. Nws tau muab faib ua ntau txhiab tus npe thoob plaws hauv pab tub rog thiab thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Zhukovsky tus tshiab ballad "Svetlana" kuj hais txog 1812. Txawm hais tias Lavxias teb sab kev taw qhia, lub siab nyiam ntawm Burger's "Lenora" tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm no.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich luv luv
Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich luv luv

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zhukovsky ntawm lub tsev hais plaub

Tsis ntevTub rog lub neej ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky txuas ntxiv. Nws tau cog lus typhus thaum lig 1812 thiab so haujlwm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1813. Nyob rau hauv 1814, "Cov lus rau Emperor Alexander" tshwm sim, tom qab uas Empress Maria Feodorovna xav Zhukovsky tuaj rau St. Maria Protasova hauv 1817 tau sib yuav xibfwb Mayer. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Zhukovsky thiab tom qab npau suav ntawm kev hlub yuav suab. Txawm li cas los xij, tus ntxhais muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab xyoo 1823 nws tuag. Vasily Zhukovsky puas tuaj yeem hnov qab Maria Protasova thiab nrhiav tau tus khub hauv lub neej? Biography ntawm nws cov xyoo tom ntej yuav muab koj cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no.

Basic notes of Zhukovsky's paj huam

"Longing of love", "striving into the distance", "tu siab rau qhov tsis paub", "languishing separation" - cov no yog cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Vasily Andreevich cov paj huam. Nws tus cwj pwm yuav luag tag nrho nyob ntawm lub mystical mus ob peb vas ntawm Zhukovsky, tshwm sim los ntawm unfulfilled npau suav ntawm kev hlub. Yog li, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm, cov kev xav ntawm kev sau ntawv nyiam uas muaj nyob hauv zej zog, haum rau tus kws sau paj huam txoj kev xav hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Zhukovsky, los ntawm kev qhia cov ntsiab lus romantic rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nthuav dav kev xav ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau tsim nws tus kheej ua ntej nws. Txawm li cas los xij, tsim cov motifs tshiab hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws ua raws li qhov qhia txog kev xav ntawm tus kheej.

Tus kws sau paj lug Vasily Zhukovsky coj los ntawm medieval romanticism tsuas yog dab tsi cuam tshuam rau nws tus kheej mystical npau suav thiab kev ntshaw. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm yog Zhukovsky paj huam, ua subjective, tib lub sij hawm.tau txais kev txaus siab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws subjectivism yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tawm tswv yim hais lus los ntawm pseudo-classical txias txias. Zhukovsky tau coj mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb ntawm lub neej sab hauv, tam sim no xyaum tsis paub txog nws.

Lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 1817 txog 1841 - lub sijhawm uas Vasily Andreevich nyob hauv tsev hais plaub. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm yog Princesses Elena Pavlovna thiab Alexandra Feodorovna. Thiab txij li xyoo 1825, Vasily Andreevich tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Alexander Nikolayevich, txais los ntawm lub zwm txwv. Lub sijhawm no, Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky feem ntau mus txawv tebchaws. Tus kws sau paj lug tau mus rau qhov chaw ua lag luam thiab kho.

Zhukovsky txoj kev mus ncig thiab ua haujlwm tshiab

Zhukovsky cov haujlwm tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm no zoo li yog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, tau mus rau Switzerland thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1820, Vasily Andreevich tau hais txog kev txhais lus Schiller "Maid of Orleans" hauv Berlin. Nyob rau hauv 1821 nws kawm tiav los ntawm nws. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Chillon, nyob rau hauv Switzerland, ib qho kev txhais lus ntawm Byron's Prisoner of Chillon tau tsim (hauv 1822).

Vasily Zhukovsky siv lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1832-33. ntawm Lake Geneva. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm translations los ntawm Herder, Schiller, Uhland, fragments ntawm lub Iliad, thiab lwm yam. tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm no. Vasily Andreevich taug kev nyob rau hauv 1837 mus rau Russia thiab ib feem ntawm Siberia, ua ke nrog cov txais los ntawm lub zwm txwv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1838-39. nws nrog nws mus rau Western Europe. Zhukovsky hauv Rome los ze rau Gogol, uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm mystical mus ob peb vas tom qab nws ua hauj lwm.

Kev txij nkawm

Chav nrogtus txais txiaj ntsig tau xaus rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1841. Lub hwj chim uas Zhukovsky muaj rau nws tau txais txiaj ntsig. Thiab tam sim no peb yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas tus kheej lub neej ntawm Vasily Zhukovsky tsim. Hauv Düsseldorf thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 21, 1841, kev sib yuav ntawm Vasily Andreevich (nws twb muaj 58 xyoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd) tau tshwm sim nrog 18-xyoo-laus tus ntxhais ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Reitern, nws tus phooj ywg qub. Zhukovsky tau siv sijhawm 12 xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej hauv tebchaws Yelemes nrog nws tus poj niam tsev neeg.

Vasily Zhukovsky: biography ntawm xyoo tsis ntev los no

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky kws sau paj lug
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev sib yuav, nws tau sau cov dab neeg "Lub Tulip Ntoo", "Puss hauv khau", "Hais txog Ivan Tsarevich thiab Grey Hma". Kev txhais lus ntawm Odyssey (thawj ntim) tau tshwm sim hauv 1848, thiab thib ob hauv xyoo 1849. Hmoov tsis zoo, Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich tsis muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav cov paj huam "The Wandering Jew". Nws cov keeb kwm luv luv xaus rau hauv Baden-Baden xyoo 1852, lub Plaub Hlis 7th. Nws yog thaum ntawd Vasily Andreevich tuag. Nws tso nws tus poj niam, tus ntxhais thiab tus tub. Tab sis tsis yog lawv xwb. Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich tau tso peb cov txuj ci zoo nkauj.

kws sau paj lug Vasily Zhukovsky
kws sau paj lug Vasily Zhukovsky

Nws txoj hauj lwm suav nrog hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Txog rau hnub no, ntau tus neeg nyeem Vasily Andreevich cov haujlwm, thiab kev txaus siab rau nws tus cwj pwm tsis ploj mus. Yog li ntawd koj tau paub txog cov biography ntawm xws li ib tug zoo Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug li Vasily Zhukovsky. Peb tsuas yog piav qhia luv luv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, tab sis nws tsim nyog tau txais kev kawm ntxaws. Nws yeej tsim nyog txuas ntxiv koj kev paub nrog tus kws sau paj huam no.

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