Poet Vvedensky Alexander: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Vvedensky Alexander tau ntev tau paub rau ntau tus neeg nyeem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam. Tsuas yog ib lub voj voog uas tau xaiv xwb thiaj paub tias nws muaj tej hauj lwm hnyav dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv kiag li cov me nyuam me.

Tsawg tus neeg tseem paub tias tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ua yeeb yam Vvedensky Alexander, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig thoob plaws, tom qab kawm tiav high school, tsis tuaj yeem xeem dhau qhov yooj yim hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb no, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, ib zaug ntxiv tau lees paub tias tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yaus uas tsis tiv nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv yog ruam thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog thaum nws kawm ntawv xyoo uas yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug qhia nws txawj sau ntawv thiab tsim ib tug pronounced craving rau ntaub ntawv.

Poet's family

Vvedensky Alexander, uas nws lub xyoo yug yog xyoo 1904, yug hauv St. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws niam nws txiv tau koom nrog cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Leningrad lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws niam, Povolotskaya Evgenia Ivanovna tau ua tiav thiab zoo heevib tug paub zoo obstetrician-gynecologist nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Vvedensky txiv, Ivan Viktorovich, muaj ib tug siab dua kev cai lij choj kev kawm ntawv thiab tuav ib tug zoo txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Nws mob siab rau ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem tau ntau xyoo thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj hauv Xeev rau nws qhov kev ua tiav. Tom qab cov Soviets los muaj hwj chim, nws pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug economist, thiab nws tsev neeg miraculously dim lub Soviet repressions uas hem lawv vim hais tias lawv pom tseeb lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm.

Alexander Vvedensky: biography

Thaum xub thawj, cov niam txiv txiav txim siab xa lawv tus tub mus rau hauv Leningrad Cadet Corps, qhov chaw uas yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam tau kawm ib ntus nrog nws tus tij laug. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm leej niam, ob leeg ntawm nws cov tub tau mus kawm ntawm gymnasium. Lentovskaya. Alexander Ivanovich Vvedensky, nws daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm, kawm tiav los ntawm lub gymnasium xyoo 1921. Tom qab ntawd nws txiav txim siab mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Petrograd University, xaiv tus Kws Lij Choj Txoj Cai.

Nws tsis tau kawm nyob ntawd ntev thiab, paub tias nws tsis txaus siab rau txoj cai lij choj, Alexander Vvedensky, uas nws cov paj huam rau cov menyuam yaus yuav paub ntau dhau sijhawm, txiav txim siab hloov mus rau Oriental Kws qhia ntawv, lossis theej, mus rau nws lub tuam tsev Suav. Tab sis nws tsis tau kawm ntxiv mus ntev thiab tsis ntev nws tau tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus ib txhis. Rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv, Alexander Vvedensky yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd nws ua haujlwm tau ob xyoos ntawm Krasny Oktyabr, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv zos.

thawj tsim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv pom,futuristic

Vvedensky Alexander Ivanovich - tus kws sau paj huam uas nws cov paj huam tau nrov heev, pib sau nws thawj zaug thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv theem siab. Thiab nws yog lub sij hawm no cov tub ntxhais kawm lub sij hawm uas tus tub hluas tau tsim kev khuv leej rau cov futurists, thiab nws kuj tau nyiam mus ua hauj lwm ntawm cov cim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Vvedensky Alexander nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas tau xav txog lub legendary Blok. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias cov paj huam ntawm Kruchenykh muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev tsim ntawm nws raws li ib tug neeg. Muaj ib zaj dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas, raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv theem siab, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv. Alekseev thiab Lipavsky tau nrog nws.

Ib hnub, peb lub tsev kawm ntawv theem siab tau txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lawv cov haujlwm thaum ntxov los ntawm Blok nws tus kheej. Lawv sau lawv cov paj huam thiab xa mus rau Alexander Alexandrovich, tab sis, txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, nws tsis nyiam cov paj huam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas gymnasium cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws cais tawm Alekseev nkaus xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog Alexander Vvedensky uas feem ntau yuav pib lub tswv yim kom tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Blok, vim tias nws qhov chaw nyob tau qhia tias rov qab los ntawm lub hnab ntawv. Txawm tias muaj kev poob siab, nws txoj kev hlub thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis ploj mus.

Meet Khawm

Kev tuag thiab ntau txoj hauv kev txiav txim siab nws txoj hmoo yav tom ntej rau tus kws sau paj huam yog nws paub txog Kharms. Vvedensky Alexander nquag sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv poetic voj voog thiab sim nthuav nws cov ntaub ntawv kev sib raug zoo kom ntau li ntau tau. Nws yog tus phooj ywg ncaj ncees nrog Kuzmin thiab Klyuev, thiab feem ntau pom lawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov rooj sib tham no nws tau ntsib Daniil Kharms, leej twgtom qab ntawd los ua nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj.

Ib zaug Vvedensky tau caw los mloog tej hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug, thiab ntawm cov neeg hais lus, Alexander tau xaiv ib tug, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, tus txawj ntse tshaj plaws - nws tig tawm mus ua Kharms.

Los ntawm zaj paj huam hmo no lawv tawm ua ke, thiab tom qab tham me ntsis, lawv pom ntau qhov sib xws hauv lawv qhov kev xav.

kev ua ub ua no ntawm ob tug comrades

Vvedensky thiab Kharms tau dhau los ua phooj ywg tiag tiag thiab mob siab rau. Lawv sib koom cov kev xav ntawm sab laug rog thiab ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Qee lub sij hawm, cov phooj ywg nyeem lawv cov paj huam, hais lus nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj uas muaj los ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg. Lawv kuj tau koom nrog Union ntawm Leningrad Poets. Xav kom sib sau cov neeg sau ntawv nrog cov kev xav zoo sib xws, cov comrades txiav txim siab los tsim lawv tus kheej lub koom haum.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm OBERIU

Nyob rau hauv 1927, Vvedensky, ua ke nrog Kharms, ua raws li ideologists thiab creators ntawm ib hom kev koom tes ntawm "tiag tiag art", uas nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm thiab cov phau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub legendary lub npe OBERIU. Lub koom haum no yog ib feem ntawm Press House ua ib feem ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Lawv lub ntsiab nyiam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv senseless phenomena. Thiab tseem nquag tshaj tawm cov lus qhia ntawm absurdism. Rau feem ntau, Vvedensky yog ib tug active daim duab nyob rau hauv OBERIU, thiab Daniil Kharms ua ib tug organizer. Ntxiv rau lawv, muaj ntau tus kws sau ntawv hluas, ntawm lawv yog N. Oleinikov thiab N. Zabolotsky.

Cov haujlwm yooj yimliterary Association

OBERIU tau koom nrog hauv cov haujlwm uas npau taws heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Lawv tau teeb tsa kev ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab ua yeeb yam, thaum lub sij hawm cov paj huam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam uas yog OBERIU tau nyeem, thiab feem ntau cov kev ua yeeb yam no tau nrog cov kev xav tsis zoo. Kev hais kwv txhiaj tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus sib txawv thiab piav qhia nrog cov ntawv sau, piv txwv li, "Peb tsis yog pies." Rau St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub 30s, mired nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj post-revolutionary lub sij hawm, xws inscriptions yog heev nyuaj rau perceive, thiab sai sai no ib tug flurry ntawm kev thuam poob rau cov dej num ntawm OBERIU. Lawv raug hu ua kev txaj muag, tsis paub meej thiab neeg txawv teb chaws rau cov neeg tuaj saib Komsomol.

"Txoj hauj lwm" raws li me nyuam sau ntawv

Kev ua haujlwm hnyav raws li tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws tshaj lij ntawm OBERIU feem ntau yuav ua rau Vvedensky txaus siab rau kev ncaj ncees, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem muab nyiaj txiag rau nws. Yog li ntawd, thaum tus kws sau paj lug tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Sergei Marshak los sau paj huam rau menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm, nws tsis kam lees.

Pib txij xyoo 1928, nws nquag sau cov menyuam yaus cov paj huam, dab neeg, thiab tshaj tawm yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm xws li "Chizh" thiab "Ezh". Cov hauj lwm zoo li no tau pab nws ua kom tiav, thiab nws ua tsaug rau nws tias Vvedensky Alexander Ivanovich - kws sau paj huam nrog cov lus hais txog yav tom ntej, kev ua raws li cov cim thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - tau paub thiab poob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus sau ntawv.

Ntshai thiab ntes

Cov haujlwm ntawm OBERIU tau raug tshuaj xyuas ntevkev tswj hwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos, uas tsis tuaj yeem them taus qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav dawb hauv St. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, yuav luag tag nrho cov "Oberiuts" poob nyob rau hauv kev nruj kev tsiv. Lawv raug liam tias cuam tshuam Komsomol cov tswv cuab los ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Vvedensky tsis muaj kev zam thiab tseem raug ntes hauv 1931.

Raws li cov nom version, Alexander Ivanovich tau txais ib tug denunciation tias thaum lub sij hawm ib lub tsiab peb caug nws tau ua ib tug ci ci nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Nicholas II. Vvedensky raug foob nrog tsib caug-yim tsab xov xwm, liam nws ntawm counter-revolutionary kev ua ub no. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm GPU rau "cov teeb meem kev sau ntawv" tau koom nrog cov kws sau paj huam ua lag luam. Tom qab qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, Vvedensky raug xa mus rau hauv exile.

Link

Thaum xub thawj, nws raug xa mus ua nws kab lus hauv lub nroog Kursk. Alexander mus rau hauv exile nrog nws thawj tus poj niam, T. Meyer, uas nws tau ntsib thaum tseem yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv theem siab, txij li thaum lawv kawm nyob rau tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum nyob rau hauv exile, nws nyob nrog Kharms ntev, thiab ces raug xa mus rau Vologda. Nws raug tso tawm ntawm exile nyob rau hauv 1932, tab sis muaj ib tug decree uas txwv tsis pub Vvedensky nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 16 ntsiab lus ntawm lub USSR. Vim li no, nws tau siv peb xyoos ntxiv hauv Borisoglebsk.

Return to Freedom

Ua tiav kev tso tawm, Alexander Vvedensky rov qab mus rau Leningrad hauv xyoo 1934. Nyob ntawd nws tau raug lees txais tam sim ntawd rau hauv Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no thiab xyoo tom ntej nws sau nws cov paj huam zoo tshaj plaws, cov uas yog "Four Descriptions" thiab "Caw Kom Kuv Xav."

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm cov tub ceev xwm dua, Alexander Ivanovich sau ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm-Soviet, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus ua haujlwm thiab ua yeeb yam, suav nrog cov ntoo Christmas nrov Ivanovs. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej pib ua tsov ua rog, Vvedensky tsim kev ua si rau lub legendary Obraztsov puppet theatre. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tshua hais lus rau pej xeem nrog nws cov paj huam.

Alexander Ivanovich sib yuav zaum ob, thiab Galina Viktorova los ua nws tus xaiv. Lawv tau los ua txij nkawm hauv xyoo 1936, thiab tsis ntev, tus kws sau paj huam tau tsiv mus rau nws tus poj niam tshiab hauv Kharkov, qhov chaw nws nyob. Ib xyoos tom qab nkawd sib yuav, xyoo 1936, nkawd muaj ib tug tub, Petus.

Txoj kev kws sau paj huam

Hmoov tsis zoo, hnub kawg ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws no tseem tsis tau paub. Muaj ntau ntau versions ntawm nws tuag, ib tug ntawm lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv 1941, thaum lub Germans mus txog Kharkov, Alexander Vvedensky, zoo li tag nrho cov inhabitants ntawm lub nroog, tab tom npaj rau kev khiav tawm. Lub tsheb ciav hlau, uas tus kws sau paj lug tsev neeg yuav tsum tawm hauv Kharkov, yog neeg coob coob, thiab tom ntej no tsis tuaj. Ob hnub tom qab, Vvedensky tau raug liam tias rov qab tawm tsam thiab nthuav tawm nrog Tshooj 54. Ua ke nrog lwm tus "cov phooj ywg tsis ntseeg" thiab "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" nws raug xa mus rau Kazan.

Raws li cov nom version, lub tsheb echelon tsis tau tsim los thauj tib neeg. Nws txias heev ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau, thiab Vvedensky tau mob ntsws ntsws pleurisy thiab tuag ntawm txoj kev.

Nws lub cev tuag tau tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm Kazan morgues, uas koom nrog lub tsev kho mob puas hlwb ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawvkev tuag nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim nyob rau hmo lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, thaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kho mob, uas tau tshaj tawm ntau tom qab, hnub tuag tau qhia rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20.

Alas, qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov faus tsis paub hnub no. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam Alexander Vvedensky tuag thaum nws tseem hluas. Nws muaj 37 xyoo.