Japanese cov ntaub ntawv. Keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Japanese cov ntaub ntawv tau nyob ib ncig ntawm 1,500 xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm no, nws tau hloov ntau zaus: cov qauv tshiab, cov qauv, cov qauv kev kos duab tau tshwm sim. Qee qhov haujlwm tsis lees paub dhau los ua classics tiag tiag, thiab cov ntawv cog lus poob lawv qhov cuam tshuam tom qab ob peb xyoo lawm. Koj puas xav kawm ntxiv txog cov ntawv Japanese? Txog nws qhov nce thiab nqis? Nyeem tsab xov xwm no!

Ancient literature

Thaum pib, cov dab neeg thiab zaj nkauj tau nthuav tawm hauv Nyij Pooj, uas tau kis los ntawm qhov ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, ze rau lub xyoo pua 7, txhua yam hloov pauv. Emperor Tenji tau tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv theem siab uas qhia Suav. Tsis ntev los no, los ntawm kev qiv thiab optimizing hieroglyphs los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ib tug sau ntawv Japanese tau tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th, kev sau ntawv tau pib nthuav dav. Yog li ntawd, monuments ntawm Japanese cov ntaub ntawv pib tshwm.

thawj txoj haujlwm Nyij Pooj uas tau nqis los rau peb lub sijhawm yog qhov xwm txheej hauv qabhu ua "Kojiki". Nws tau sau los ntawm Yasumaro Ono hauv 712. Phau ntawv muaj ntau yam lus dab neeg, sawv cev los ntawm cov nkauj, dab neeg, dab neeg, dab neeg, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig keeb kwm. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv "Kojiki" tus sau tseg ib co keeb kwm legends thiab chronicles.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Nyij Pooj thaum ub yog "Manyoshu". Phau ntawv yog ib phau ntawv sau loj heev, uas suav nrog ntau dua 4000 tus neeg thiab sau cov paj huam tanka.

Classic Literature

theem tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Nyij Pooj tau hu ua classical. Nws kav los ntawm 8 mus rau 12 centuries. Dab tsi yog qhov raug rau lub sijhawm no? Cov ntaub ntawv Japanese tau sib cuam tshuam nrog Suav. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Nyij Pooj tsis paub ntawv. Nws yog vim li no tias cov ntawv tseeb Nyij Pooj tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov aristocracy thiab lub tsev hais plaub siab tshaj plaws. Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm no yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm tau sau los ntawm cov poj niam. Nws yog vim li no, cov ntaub ntawv Japanese classical yog cov tsev neeg thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus zoo.

Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Ochikubo zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua piv txwv meej tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub sijhawm no. Phau ntawv qhia txog lub neej ntawm ib tug Japanese Cinderella, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug me me lub txee dai khaub ncaws, thaum nws hwm cov kev cai ntawm nws poj koob yawm txwv, kev ncaj ncees kev khi lus. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev coj ncaj ncees, tus ntxhais muaj peev xwm tawg tawm ntawm rags mus rau kev nplua nuj, vim hais tias ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws.

Yog peb tham txog yamorientation, ces cov ntaub ntawv tsiv tawm ntawm pej xeem kos duab. Myths thiab fairy tales raug hloov los ntawm ntau hom: dab neeg luv luv, novellas, dab neeg luv luv, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th, thawj Japanese tshiab twb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Old Man Taketori". Nws qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug qub lumberjack uas ntsib ib tug me nyuam ntxhais uas hloov los ntawm lub hli.

Medieval literature

Lub sijhawm sau ntawv no tau pib txij li xyoo 12th txog rau xyoo pua 17th. Lub hwj chim hauv lub tebchaws tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Tus mikado, uas yog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, tau hloov los ntawm chav ua tub rog hu ua shogun.

Kev sau ntawv hauv lub tebchaws pib poob sai sai. Ntau hom xws li cov dab neeg tshiab thiab paj huam Japanese poob rau hauv oblivion. Cov memoirs ntawm cov thawj coj zoo heev thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm keeb kwm xwm tau nrov heev. Feem ntau, cov ntawv Japanese tau dhau los ua nruj thiab ntshav. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov poj niam sau ntawv tsis tau koom nrog cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv medieval hauv Nyij Pooj tag nrho.

"Genpei Josuiki" yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Nyij Pooj medieval. Txoj hauj lwm qhia txog kev nce thiab poob ntawm ob tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm - Genji thiab Heike. Phau ntawv yog reminiscent ntawm Shakespeare lub keeb kwm. Kev ua haujlwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua phem, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm keeb kwm qhov tseeb nrog cov ntawv tseeb, tus sau qhov kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev xav.

Ntawm Japanese Literature

Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm cov shoguns, cov huab tais rov qab los rau lub hwj chim. Qhov no cojmus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub sij hawm tshiab nyob rau hauv Japanese cov ntaub ntawv, uas kav mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Rising Sun tau qhib rau lwm lub ntiaj teb. Thiab qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub active cawv ntawm European lub tswv yim thiab tiam sis.

Ua ntej, tus lej ntawm cov ntawv txhais lus European (xws li Lavxias) cov ntawv nyeem tau nce ntau. Cov neeg xav kawm txog kab lis kev cai txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd, thawj cov haujlwm Japanese pib tshwm sim, sau ua lus European. Piv txwv li, cov phau ntawv xws li Pillar of Fire, Love Confession of Ob Nuns, thiab Tsib Tiered Pagoda tau ncaim mus deb ntawm Japanese classics. European ideology thiab txoj kev ua neej tau nquag cog qoob loo hauv cov haujlwm no.

Post-war period

Kev swb rog hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tau cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov neeg Nyij Pooj thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau tseg thiab. Cov kws sau ntawv Nyij Pooj tau tshaj tawm txoj kev xav tshiab uas ua ke ob qho tib si qub kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no ("Thiab-tis Crane" los ntawm Yasunari Kawabata, "Small Snow" los ntawm Junichiro Tanizaki).

Japanese cov ntaub ntawv. Haiku

Japanese tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug lyrical xwm tsim nyog tshwj xeeb. Japanese paj huam, los yog haiku (haiku), tau nrov thoob plaws yuav luag tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub peculiarity ntawm xws li tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Los ntawmRaws li cov canons ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, haiku muaj 17 lub suab uas ua ib kem ntawm hieroglyphs. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo li no yog piav qhia txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej lossis kev xav txog kev xav. Cov haijins nto moo tshaj plaws yog Takahama Kyoshi, Kobayashi Issa, Masaoka Shiki. Zoo, leej txiv ntawm haiku tuaj yeem raug hu ua Matsuo Basho.