2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lo lus "cov ntaub ntawv thaum ub" yog thawj zaug los ntawm cov neeg Renaissance, uas hu ua cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Ancient Greece thiab Rome li ntawd. Lub sij hawm tau khaws cia los ntawm cov teb chaws no thiab dhau los ua qhov sib txuam nrog cov khoom qub qub - lub ntiaj teb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm European kab lis kev cai.
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los
Keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum ub yog raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ancient Greece. Hauv qhov no, peb lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog qhov txawv.
1. Thawj lub sijhawm feem ntau hu ua preclassical lossis archaic. Cov ntawv nyeem yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov ncauj lus pej xeem kos duab, uas yog los ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm pagans. Nws suav nrog zaj nkauj, sau ntawv, dab neeg hais txog vajtswv, kev quaj ntsuag, cov lus pov thawj thiab ntau lwm yam uas sawv cev rau pej xeem. Lub sijhawm ntawm thawj lub sijhawm tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Lub ncauj lus tau tsim ntau pua xyoo, tab sis lub sijhawm kwv yees ntawm nws qhov kawg yog thawj peb ntawm 1 xyoo txhiab.
2. Antique ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm thib ob occupies lub 7th - 4th centuries. BC e. Nws yog hu ua classicalYuav ua li cas nws coincides nrog lub sij hawm ntawm tsim nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws ntawm classical daim ntawv ntawm kev ua cev qhev. Ntau yam lyrical thiab epic tej hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li prose, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov orators, philosophers thiab historians ua ib tug loj pab. Cais, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau xyoo pua 5 BC. e., uas hu ua Golden. Kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm no.
3. Qhov thib peb, Hellenistic lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ancient yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua cev qhev. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog-monarchical daim ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub hwj chim, ib tug ntse sib txawv ntawm tib neeg lub neej tshwm sim, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv los ntawm lub simplicity ntawm classical lub sij hawm.
Lub sij hawm no feem ntau txhais raws li lub sij hawm ntawm degradation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws paub qhov txawv ntawm theem ntawm thaum ntxov thiab lig Hellenism, uas nyob ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 3rd BC mus rau lub xyoo pua 3 BC. e. mus txog rau xyoo pua 5 AD e. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub ntawv Roman thaum ub thawj zaug ua rau nws paub.
Antique mythology
Ancient mythology yog ua raws li cov dab neeg hais txog dab neeg thaum ub, Olympian gods thiab heroes.
Cov lus dab neeg hais txog cov vajtswv thaum ub tau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg Greek thiab Loos thaum lub sijhawm tib neeg yog matriarchal. Cov vajtswv no hu ua chthonic or bestial.
Nrog rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm yawg suab, cov vajtswv tau pib zoo li tib neeg. Lub sij hawm no, cov duab ntawm Zeus los yog Jupiter tshwm - lub siab tshaj deity uas nyob rau Mount Olympus. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm Olympian vajtswv los ntawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm Greeks, cov creatures muaj ib tug nruj hierarchy uas justified tib yam kev txiav txim uas muaj nyob.hauv zej zog.
Tus phab ej ntawm cov dab neeg thaum ub yog cov neeg txawv txawv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov vajtswv Olympian. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Hercules, tus tub ntawm Zeus thiab tus poj niam zoo tib yam Alcmene. Cov neeg Greek ntseeg tias txhua tus phab ej muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb: ntxuav lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov dab uas Gaia yug los.
Epos
Ancient epic cov ntaub ntawv yog sawv cev los ntawm cov npe xws li Homer thiab Virgil.
Homer yog ib tug kws sau paj huam uas suav hais tias yog tus sau cov paj huam uas muaj sia nyob ntev tshaj plaws - Iliad thiab Odyssey. Lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov hauj lwm no yog myths xwb, pej xeem nkauj thiab legends. Homer's epic paj huam tau sau rau hauv hexameter.
Virgil yog ib tug kws sau paj huam Roman thaum ub, tus sau zaj dab neeg epic "Aeneid". Nyob rau hauv nws, tus sau hu nkauj ntawm legendary keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Loos.
Lyrics thiab drama
Ib tus neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nkauj zoo nkauj tuaj yeem hu ua tus kws sau paj huam Sappho. Nws siv cov kev cai pej xeem motifs, tab sis saturated lawv nrog vivid dluab thiab muaj zog xav. Tus kws sau paj huam tau txais txiaj ntsig dav hauv nws lub neej. Nws txoj hauj lwm suav nrog cuaj phau ntawv paj huam, tab sis tsuas yog ob zaj paj huam thiab ib puas zaj nkauj uas muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.
Kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam yog ib qho kev lom zem tshaj plaws ntawm Ancient Greece. Cov ntaub ntawv qub thaum ub ntawm Hnub Nyoog Kawg ntawm qhov sib txawv no tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ob yam tseem ceeb: xwm txheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam.
Qhov tseeb, qhov xwm txheej thaum ub yog kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tus tsim yog tus Greek playwright Aeschylus thaum ub. Nws tau sau ntau dua 90 zaj yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis tsuas yog xya tus uas muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Ib qho xwm txheej nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Aeschylus yog "Prometheus Chained", cov duab uas tseem siv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv.
Antique comedy tau tsom mus rau nom tswv. Piv txwv li, ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom no - Aristophanes - nyob rau hauv nws comedies "Kev sib haum xeeb" thiab "Lysistrata" rau txim rau kev tsov rog ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Sparta. Cov yeeb yaj kiab The Riders savagely thuam qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev ywj pheej uas tau tshwm sim hauv Athens.
Nyob rau hauv prose hom
Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum ub nyob rau hauv hom lus hais yog sawv cev feem ntau los ntawm Plato txoj kev sib tham. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov haujlwm no yog nthuav tawm los ntawm kev xav thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ob tus neeg sib tham uas yuav tsum nrhiav qhov tseeb. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Plato txoj kev sib tham yog nws tus kws qhia Socrates. Daim ntawv qhia no yog hu ua "Socratic dialogue".
Muaj 30 qhov kev sib tham paub ntawm Plato. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov dab neeg ntawm Atlantis, "Lub Koobtsheej", "Phaedo", "Phaedrus"
Pom zoo:
Lub cev pleev xim rau ntawm lub cev. Txiv neej lub cev pleev xim rau ntawm lub cev
Kev kos duab niaj hnub muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab ib hom yog kev pleev xim rau lub cev, uas tau nce los ua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev qhia tus kheej ntawm tib neeg. Qhov kev raug mob tsawg tshaj plaws thiab qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab kev kos duab yog lub cev pleev xim nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb. Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog kos duab yog txwv rau lub cev pleev xim. Cov no yog tattoos, piercings, caws pliav thiab hloov kho, uas yog, kev koom ua ke, implantation ntawm ntau yam hauv lub cev. Kev coj noj coj ua tau dhau los ua tsis ntev los no, hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem
Japanese cov ntaub ntawv. Keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob
Japanese cov ntaub ntawv tau nyob ib ncig ntawm 1,500 xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm no, nws tau hloov ntau zaus: cov qauv tshiab, cov qauv, cov qauv kev kos duab tau tshwm sim. Qee qhov haujlwm tsis lees paub dhau los ua classics tiag tiag, thiab cov ntawv cog lus poob lawv qhov cuam tshuam tom qab ob peb xyoo lawm. Koj puas xav kawm ntxiv txog cov ntawv Japanese? Txog nws qhov nce thiab nqis? Nyeem tsab xov xwm no
Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 19th-20th centuries: rooj
Russian cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj nws, txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai tsis xav txog. Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj nws tus kheej logic thiab cov yam ntxwv nta. Pib dhau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws qhov tshwm sim txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm peb hnub. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no
TV: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob. Keeb kwm ntawm TV nyob rau hauv Russia
Nws nyuaj rau peb xav txog peb lub neej tsis muaj TV. Txawm hais tias peb tsis saib nws, nws tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai. Lub caij no, qhov kev tsim kho no tsuas yog muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 100 xyoo xwb. TV, keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob uas haum rau lub sijhawm luv luv los ntawm cov qauv ntawm keeb kwm, tau hloov pauv peb cov kev sib txuas lus, tus cwj pwm rau cov ntaub ntawv, peb lub xeev thiab kab lis kev cai
Geometry hauv painting: qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm style, artists, lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm, kev loj hlob thiab foundations
Geometry thiab painting tau ua ib sab rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Nyob rau hauv txawv eras ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kos duab, geometry coj txawv guises, tej zaum tshwm sim raws li spatial projections, tej zaum kuj yog ib tug kos duab khoom ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus li kev kos duab thiab kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib leeg, txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ob qho tib si
