Dab tsi yog kos duab kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus txiv neej ib txwm sim ua kom zoo nkauj rau nws lub neej, qhia txog kev zoo nkauj thiab kev muaj tswv yim rau hauv nws. Cov neeg txawj ntse, tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev - tais diav, khaub ncaws, rooj tog, kho kom zoo nkauj, qauv, carvings, encrusted nrog precious pob zeb, tig lawv mus rau hauv tiag tiag tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab.

Kho kom zoo nkauj, qhov tseeb, muaj nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm, thaum ib tug caveman decorate nws lub tsev nrog pob zeb paintings, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv nws tsuas yog singled tawm nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Lub ntsiab lus

Lo lus Latin decorare txhais tias "kom kho". Hais tias nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "décor", uas yog, "decorated". Yog li ntawd, lo lus "décorative art" txhais tau tias "lub peev xwm los kho kom zoo nkauj."

Muab faib rau cov txuj ci no:

• monumental - kho kom zoo nkauj, pleev xim, mosaics, stained iav qhov rais, carvings ntawm lub tsev thiab cov qauv;
• applied - siv rau txhua yam khoom hauv tsev, suav nrog tais diav, rooj tog zaum, khaub ncaws, textiles;
• decorative -ib txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim rau kev tsim cov hnub so, exhibitions thiab khw qhov rais.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev kos duab zoo nkauj yog qhov txawv ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj yog nws qhov ua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm siv nws hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab tsis yog cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj xwb.

Piv txwv li, daim duab yog ib daim duab zoo nkauj, thaum lub teeb tswm ciab los yog pleev xim rau cov phaj yog siv kos duab.

Kev faib tawm

Cov ceg ntawm daim duab no yog cais los ntawm:

• Cov khoom siv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem yog hlau, pob zeb, ntoo, iav, ceramics, textiles.
• Technique. Muaj ntau hom kev siv - carving, inlay, casting, printing, embossing, embroidery, batik, painting, weaving, macrame thiab lwm yam.
• Function - cov khoom siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev, xws li rooj tog, tais diav lossis khoom ua si.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev faib tawm, lub tswv yim no muaj qhov dav heev. Zoo sib xws nrog artistry, architecture, tsim. Cov khoom ntawm kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua tsim cov khoom siv ntiaj teb uas nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg, ua rau nws zoo nkauj dua thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov lus zoo nkauj thiab cov duab.

Rise

Txhua lub hnub nyoog, cov kws ua txuj ci tau sim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Lawv yog cov kws txawj craftsmen, muaj saj zoo heev, txhim kho lawv cov kev txawj los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov secrets nyob rau hauv tsev neeg. Lawv khob, banners,tapestries, khaub ncaws, cutlery thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, nrog rau cov qhov rais stained-iav, frescoes tau txawv los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam siab.

Vim li cas lub ntsiab lus ntawm "duab kos duab" tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th? Qhov no yog vim lub kiv puag ncig ntawm kev lag luam, thaum, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm tshuab ntau lawm, kev tsim khoom ntawm tes ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse dhau mus rau factories thiab factories. Cov khoom lag luam tau dhau los ua kev sib koom ua ke, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab feem ntau tsis txaus nyiam. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tsuas yog ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv cov khoom siv tes ua txhais tau hais tias tsim khoom ntawm ib qho khoom lag luam nrog tus nqi zoo nkauj. Craftsmen siv lawv cov kos duab, tsim kom muaj cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev, uas, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam boom, pib xav tau tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom nplua nuj hauv zej zog. Thiab yog li ntawd lo lus "arts thiab crafts" tau yug los.

keeb kwm kev tsim kho

Hnub nyoog ntawm kev kos duab zoo ib yam li lub hnub nyoog ntawm noob neej. Thawj cov khoom ntawm creativity pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub Paleolithic era thiab yog pob zeb paintings, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, ritual figurines, pob txha los yog pob zeb khoom tsev. Muab cov cuab yeej ua ntej, kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv zej zog thaum ub tau yooj yim heev thiab tsis zoo.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo thiab tib lub sijhawm kho kom zoo nkauj lub neej niaj hnub ua ntau dua thiab zoo nkauj dua. Masters muab lawv cov txuj ci thiab saj, lub siab xav mus rau hauv cov khoom hauv tsev.

Nkauj Hmoobhniav kos duab yog permeated nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig kab lis kev cai, kab lis kev cai thiab views ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov xwm ntawm lub era. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob nws npog loj heev ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab spatial khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau tiam neeg yog tiag tiag immense, yog li ntawd nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau kab tag nrho nws hom thiab hom nyob rau hauv ib tug keeb kwm kab. Cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog conditionally muab faib mus rau hauv lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv uas lub feem ntau striking masterpieces ntawm dai kom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab sawv tawm.

ntiaj teb Ancient

Kho kom zoo nkauj kos duab ntawm Egypt yog ib nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev siv kos duab. Egyptian craftsmen coj mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws xws li kos duab crafts li pob txha thiab ntoo carving, hlau ua, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, xim iav thiab faience, zoo tshaj plaws patterned fabrics. Tawv, weaving, pottery crafts yog lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kws ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Iyiv tau tsim cov duab zoo nkauj uas thoob plaws ntiaj teb qhuas hnub no.

Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev siv txuj ci yog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm Western Asia (Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, Syria, Phoenicia, Palestine, Urartu). Cov kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov xeev no tau hais tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv tes ua xws li carving ntawm cov kaus ntxhw, chasing ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, inlay nrog precious thiab semiprecious pob zeb, thiab artistic forging. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg no yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev hlub ntawm cov me me thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxaws hauv cov décor, thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm cov xim ci. Kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag tau mus txog qib siab heev.

Cov khoom ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm ancient sij hawm yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, mythical creatures thiab heroes ntawm legends. Kev ua haujlwm tau siv hlau, suav nrog cov nom tswv, faience, ivory, iav, pob zeb, ntoo. Cretan jewelers tau ua tiav lub siab tshaj plaws craftsmanship.

Cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov teb chaws sab hnub tuaj - Iran, Is Nrias teb - yog permeated nrog kev sib sib zog nqus lyricism, refinement ntawm cov duab, ua ke nrog classical clarity thiab purity ntawm style. Ntau pua xyoo tom qab, fabrics tau qhuas - muslin, brocade thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav, ntaub pua plag, khoom kub thiab nyiaj, chasing thiab engravings, pleev xim rau glazed ceramics. Cov chandelier thiab cov vuas ciam teb uas ua rau cov tuam tsev secular thiab kev cai dab qhuas amaze lub tswv yim. Kev sau ntawv zoo nkauj tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.

Cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb originality thiab cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tswv ntawm Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim, thiab Mongolia.

Cov kos duab ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau tsim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab khoom siv tes ua ntawm Byzantium, uas tau nqus tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub.

Identity of Russia

Folk decorative art ntawm Ancient Russia tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Scythian kab lis kev cai. Cov ntaub ntawv kos duab tau ua tiav cov duab zoo nkauj thiab nthuav tawm. Cov Slavs siv iav, pob zeb siv lead ua, carnelian, amber. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab hlau ua haujlwm, pob txha carving, ceramics, thiab pleev xim rau cov tuam tsev tau tsim.

Pysankarstvo nyob qhov chaw tshwj xeeb,ntoo carving, paj ntaub thiab weaving. Cov Slavs tau mus txog qhov siab zoo hauv cov duab kos duab no, tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.

National ornament and patterns los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab.