Abstractionism - yog dab tsi? Abstractionism nyob rau hauv painting: cov neeg sawv cev thiab tej hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nws yog tib neeg qhov xwm txheej muab txhua yam hauv kev, nrhiav chaw rau txhua yam thiab muab lub npe. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb los ua hauv kev kos duab, qhov twg cov txuj ci yog ib pawg uas nws tsis tso cai rau ib tug los nyem ib tug neeg los yog tag nrho lub zog mus rau hauv ib lub xovtooj ntawm ib tug general order catalog. Abstractionism yog ib lub tswv yim zoo li no xwb. Nws tau sib cav ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo.

Abstractio - cuam tshuam, sib cais

Txoj kev qhia txog kev pleev xim yog kab, duab, xim. Yog tias koj cais lawv los ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb, cov lus qhia thiab cov koom haum, lawv dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsis muaj tseeb. Txawm tias Plato tau hais txog qhov tseeb, yog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov kab ncaj thiab cov duab geometric. Qhov tsis muaj qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov uas tau piav qhia nrog cov khoom tiag tiag qhib txoj hauv kev rau kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg saib ntawm lwm yam tsis paub, nkag tsis tau rau kev nco qab zoo li qub. Tus nqi kos duab ntawm daim duab nws tus kheej yuav tsum siab dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nws piav qhia, vim tias cov duab kos duab muaj peev xwm yug tau lub ntiaj teb tshiab sensual.

Yog li vim li cas cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab-reformers. Rau lawv, kev kos duab paub daws teeb meem yog ib txoj hauv kev nrhiav cov txuj ci tshiab nrog lub zog tsis tau pom dua ua ntej.

New age - new art

Art critics sib cav txog dab tsi yogabstractionism. Art historians tiv thaiv lawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom nrog kev mob siab rau, sau qhov khoob hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab paub daws teeb. Tab sis feem coob pom zoo nrog lub sijhawm nws yug los: xyoo 1910 hauv Munich, Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) tau nthuav tawm nws txoj haujlwm "Un titled. (Thawj abstract watercolor)".

Soon Kandinsky hauv nws phau ntawv "Nyob rau sab ntsuj plig hauv Art" tshaj tawm lub tswv yim ntawm tus qauv tshiab.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xav

Tsis txhob xav tias abstractionism hauv painting tshwm sim los ntawm kos. Cov Impressionists tau pom lub ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm cov xim thiab lub teeb hauv kev pleev xim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm linear foundations, qhov tseeb kev soj ntsuam ntawm proportions, thiab lwm yam, tau dhau los ua tsis tseem ceeb. Txhua tus thawj coj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv no.

Cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm James Whistler (1834-1903), nws "nocturnes" thiab "symphonies", xav tsis thoob zoo li cov masterpieces ntawm abstract expressionist painters. Los ntawm txoj kev, Whistler thiab Kandinsky muaj synesthesia - lub peev xwm los endow xim nrog lub suab ntawm ib yam khoom. Thiab cov xim ntawm lawv cov hauj lwm zoo li suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Paul Cezanne (1839-1906), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub lig lub sij hawm ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom raug hloov kho, tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb hom kev nthuav qhia. Tsis xav tias Cezanne hu ua tus thawj coj ntawm Cubism.

Kev txav mus tom ntej

Abstractionism hauv kev kos duab tau coj los ua ib qho qauv hauv kev kawm ntawm kev vam meej ntawm kev vam meej. Ib puag ncig ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tau zoo siab los ntawm cov kev xav tshiab hauv kev xav thiab kev xav, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau nrhiav kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig thiab cov khoom siv, tus cwj pwm thiab qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, Kandinsky nyob rau hauv nws justificationsTxoj kev xav ntawm abstraction yog raws li cov tswv yim hais hauv cov phau ntawv theosophical ntawm Helena Blavatsky (1831-1891).

Qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb hauv physics, chemistry, biology tau hloov lub tswv yim txog lub ntiaj teb, hais txog lub zog ntawm tib neeg lub zog ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Kev kawm txuj ci txo qhov nplai ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nplai ntawm ntug.

Nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev yees duab, ntau tus kws kos duab txiav txim siab muab nws ua cov ntaub ntawv sau cia. Lawv sib cav: kev lag luam ntawm painting tsis yog luam, tab sis tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb tshiab.

Abstractionism yog kev hloov pauv. Thiab cov neeg txawj ntse uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws xav tias lub sijhawm rau kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog tau los. Lawv tsis yuam kev. Lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau pib thiab txuas ntxiv nrog kev kub ntxhov uas tsis tau pom dua hauv lub neej ntawm tag nrho kev vam meej.

Niam Txiv

Nrog Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935) thiab Dutchman Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) tau sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev hloov tshiab.

Leej twg tsis paub Malevich's Dub Square? Txij li thaum nws tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1915, nws tau zoo siab rau ob tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qee tus pom nws yog qhov kawg tuag, lwm tus yog qhov yooj yim outrageous. Tab sis tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv hais txog kev qhib lub qab ntug tshiab hauv kev kos duab, ntawm kev mus tom ntej.

Txoj kev xav ntawm Suprematism (lat. supremus - qhov siab tshaj), tsim los ntawm Malevich, lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim ntawm lwm yam kev pleev xim, piv cov txheej txheem ntawm pleev duab rau ib qho kev tsim, "dawb duab kos duab" nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws. Sib sib zog nqus thiab sab nraud cov cim ntawm Suprematism tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tam sim no, cov kws kos duab thiab cov neeg tsim qauv.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mondrian tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo ib yam rau cov tiam tom ntej. Nws cov neo-plasticism yog raws li kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thiab ua tib zoo siv cov xim qhib, undistorted xim. Ncaj nraim dub kab rov tav thiab ntsug ntawm lub keeb kwm yav dhau dawb tsim ib daim phiaj nrog cov hlwb ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab cov hlwb tau sau nrog cov xim hauv zos. Qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus tswv cov duab kos tau ua rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau lawv txoj kev nkag siab zoo, lossis tsis pom kev luam tawm. Abstractionism yog siv los ntawm cov kws kos duab thiab cov neeg tsim qauv thaum tsim cov khoom tiag tiag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau Mondrian motifs pom nyob rau hauv architectural tej yaam num.

Russian avant-garde - paj huam hais lus

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias tshwj xeeb tau txais cov tswv yim ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg - Kandinsky thiab Malevich. Cov tswv yim no haum tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo tshiab. Txoj kev xav ntawm Suprematism tau hloov pauv los ntawm Lyubov Popova (1889-1924) thiab Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956) rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev tsim kho, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv tshiab. Cov khoom tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tseem tab tom kawm los ntawm cov kws kos duab thoob ntiaj teb.

Mikhail Larionov (1881-1964) thiab Natalya Goncharova (1881-1962) tau los ua tus tsim ntawm Rayonism lossis Rayonism. Lawv tau sim ua kom pom qhov txawv txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab lub dav hlau teeb tawm los ntawm txhua yam uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig.

Alexander Esther (1882-1949), David Burliuk (1882-1967), Olga Rozanova (1886-1918), Nadezhda Ud altsova (1886-1961) koom nrog Cubo-Futurist zog, uas kuj kawm paj huam, ntawm ntau lub sijhawm.

Abstractionism nyob rau hauv painting yeej ib txwm hais lus rau cov tswv yim phem. Cov tswv yim no npau taws rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev totalitarian. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, ideologists sai sai txiav txim siab seb hom kev kos duab yuav nkag siab thiab tsim nyog rau cov neeg, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, lub chaw rau kev loj hlob ntawm abstractionism tau tsiv mus rau America.

Ntxhais hmoob channel

Abstractionism yog qhov txhais tsis meej. Txawm hais tias qhov khoom ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tsis muaj qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb hauv lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, ib tus hais txog abstraction. Hauv paj huam, suab paj nruag, ballet, hauv architecture. Hauv kev kos duab kos duab, cov ntaub ntawv thiab hom kev taw qhia no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau haiv neeg.

Cov hom kev kos duab hauv qab no hauv kev kos duab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

- Cov xim xim: nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm daim ntaub, xim yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov khoom yaj hauv kev ua si ntawm cov xim (Kandinsky, Frank Kupka (1881-1957), orpist Robert Delaunay (1885-1941), Mark Rothko (1903-1970), Barnet Newman (1905-1970)).

- Geometric abstract kos duab yog kev txawj ntse ntau dua, kev txheeb xyuas hom avant-garde painting. Nws tsis lees paub txoj kev xav thiab qhov kev xav ntawm qhov tob, daws cov lus nug ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab geometric (Malevich, Mondrian, elementalist Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931), Josef Albers (1888-1976), op-art follower Victor Vasarely (1906). -1997)).

- Qhia tawm abstractionism - cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov duab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, qee zaum txoj kev siv cov xim, piv txwv li, ntawm cov tashists (los ntawm tache - chaw) (Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), tashist Georges Mathieu (1921-2012),Willem de Kooning (1904-1997), Robert Motherwell (1912-1956)).

- Minimalism - rov qab los rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab avant-garde. Cov duab tsis muaj kev sib txuas sab nraud thiab koom nrog (Frank Stella (b.1936), Sean Scully (b.1945), Ellsworth Kelly (b.1923)).

Abstract art is far in the past?

Yog li, tam sim no yog dab tsi yog kos duab kos duab? Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nyeem online tias kev kos duab paub daws teeb yog ib yam ntawm yav dhau los. Lavxias teb sab avant-garde, dub square - leej twg xav tau nws? Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm rau kev ceev thiab cov ntaub ntawv meej.

Qhia: ib qho ntawm cov duab kos kim tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2006 tau muag rau ntau dua 140 lab nyiaj. Nws yog hu ua "No. 5.1948" los ntawm Jackson Pollock, tus kws qhia paub tsis meej.