2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Kev tsim cov suab paj nruag muaj xws li ob lub suab ntawm ntau lub sijhawm thiab ncua sijhawm, lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntsiag to. Lawv muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb (xws li sau ntawv), npe thiab npe. Txij li lub sij hawm immemorial, composers, hais txog los yog obscuring tus kheej lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug hauj lwm, tau siv pauses.
Daim paib, uas qhia txog lub sijhawm nyob ntsiag to, kuj muaj lub npe "pause". Suab paj nruag txoj kev xav faib pauses rau hauv yooj yim, compound thiab orchestral. Los ntawm lub sij hawm, lawv yog scanty heev (rau caum-plaub) los yog ntev heev (brevis). Kev ncua ntev npaum li cas hauv suab paj nruag, lawv nyob ntev npaum li cas thiab lawv hu li cas, peb yuav qhia hauv kab lus no.
music punctuation marks
Ib ntus hauv suab paj nruag yog hom ntawv cim. Lawv cais cov kab lus lossis ib kab lus hauv ib qho haujlwm. Xws li kev ncua yog hu ua caesuras. Tab sis nws tshwm sim, piv txwv li, uas ncua lub suab sib cais hauv ib kab lus suab paj nruag. Yog li ntawd, tus composer qhia, raws li nws yog, intermittent hais lus, uas characterizes excitement. Los yog, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws sawv cev rau qhov ntse, nrawm thiabkev xav sharpened suab paj nruag cue. Txoj kev no feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv lub suab kos duab.
Txhua tus paub lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam. Nws yog siv los qhia qhov kev xav ntawm qhov mob los yog qhov ntsiag to ua ntej muaj teeb meem loj.
Instrumental music kuj tsis tiav tsis muaj paus. Ntawm no, caesuras feem ntau nrog rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso siab lossis kev ntxhov siab hauv kab lus suab paj nruag lossis kab lus. Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim tias tus sau txhob txwm ncua sijhawm ncua, yuam qhov xwm txheej. Los yog nws tshwm sim tias tag nrho cov suab paj nruag tsuas yog torn los ntawm sab hauv los ntawm caesuras. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb kos duab thiab suab paj nruag txheej txheem. Txawm yuav hais li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov chaw zoo tsis muaj suab paj nruag lossis kos duab zoo nkauj.
Kev faib tawm ntawm ncua sijhawm
Lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab lossis nws qhov tsis tuaj yeem yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab yog lub sijhawm luv ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub cev uas ua rau lub suab. Nws muaj cov sijhawm sib txheeb thiab lub sijhawm kawg. Qhov kawg yog ntsuas raws li lub sijhawm (piv txwv li, ntaus lossis thib ob). Lub sij hawm sib txheeb lub suab cuam tshuam rau qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm ib daim suab paj nruag thiab yog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm daim.
Qhia lub sijhawm ua tiav hauv 'meter' thiab atherosclerosis. Daim ntawv suab tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog lub sijhawm ua tiav. Lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub suab tsuas yog muab piv nrog lub sijhawm ntawm lwm cov ntawv. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev ncua nyob rau hauv ib lub suab paj nruag los yog lub suab ua haujlwm sib raug raucov suab paj nruag sau los ntawm cov so yog lub npe. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab paj nruag cim cim tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov cim tshwj xeeb, fermata. Lawv feem ntau muab tso rau hauv qab lossis saum toj ntawm lub cim nres.
Simple pauses
Yooj yim ncua yog ib nrab, tag nrho, quarter, yim, kaum rau, peb caug-ob, thiab lwm yam. Hauv ib puag ncig suab paj nruag, lawv kuj siv cov ntsiab lus xws li longa thiab brevis. Lub sijhawm ntawm thawj yog plaub tag nrho, thiab brevis yog ob. Ob qho ntawm cov kev ncua no tau siv rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov suab paj nruag thaum ntxov. Lawv tsis siv hnub no.
Muaj nres - nres: thim rov qab thiab caesura. Cov tom kawg yog siv hauv suab paj nruag orchestral. Nws lub sijhawm yog teem los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Piav qhia tias yog ob lub dashes inclined mus rau sab xis, hla kab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Luftpause yog siv los ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj ua suab paj nruag. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau lub suab ntawm daim. Qhia los ntawm tus lej cim saum tus neeg ua haujlwm.
paus tag nrho
Ib ncua, hu ua tag nrho, coincides nrog sau ntawv ntawm tib lub npe, feem, kuj hu ua. Nws lub sijhawm yog plaub suav (sijhawm), lossis mem tes ntaus. Ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, ib qho kev ncua tag nrho hauv cov suab paj nruag yog qhia los ntawm ib lub duab plaub dub raug tshem tawm ntawm plaub kab ntawm stave. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau txav mus los lossis nce thiab txawm sau cia nyias. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yuav tsum dai ntawm kab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, txawm nyob rau ib qho ntxiv.
Ib nrab ncua
Lub sijhawm ntawm ib nrab ncua sijhawm sib raug rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab ntawm ib nrab sau ntawv thiab kav obsuav lossis lub plawv dhia. Nws yog qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm ib lub duab plaub, zoo ib yam li tag nrho cov paib nres. Tsuas yog ib nrab sau rau ntawm kab thib peb ntawm lub stave. Yog tias koj xav hloov lossis sau ib nrab ncua ib ntus cais, nws tsuas yog piav qhia saum kab.
Ntau zaus, lub ntsiab lus "Nyem hauv Suab paj nruag" yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg pib suab paj nruag vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev xaiv ntawm tag nrho thiab ib nrab ncua. Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas muaj txuj ci hais kom siv cov lus qhia: ib nrab so yog muab tso rau ntawm kab thib peb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm - raws nraim ntawm nws ib nrab!
Lub quarter so hauv suab paj nruag muaj tib lub sijhawm raws li daim ntawv peb lub hlis twg. Kev suav ntawm qhov ncua no yog ib qho, lossis ib qho kev sib tw ntawm cov mem tes. Kev kos ib lub quarter ncua yog qhov nyuaj heev. Lub tswv yim yog raws li nram no: dashes yog kos los ntawm peb thiab plaub kab ntawm stave nrog ib tug me ntsis inclination rau sab laug. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ua kom xob laim. Tam sim no ib qho comma muab tso rau hauv tawm yog txuas rau nws. Qhov ntawd yog nws, lub quarter-suab ncua yog npaj txhij.
yim ntus
Qhov kev ncua sijhawm no suav nrog daim ntawv thib yim. Sau nws yooj yim. Ib qho kev txiav yog muab tso rau ntawm peb tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ib qho comma yog ntxiv rau nws qhov kawg, dag nrog nws qhov convex down. Tus Tsov tus thib yim yog tus chij ntawm daim ntawv nws tus kheej.
paus kaum rau
Lub npe ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag sib raug rau lub kaum rau daim ntawv yog dab tsi? Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov yav dhau los - lub kaum rau. Nws yog qhia rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm raws li lub yim, tsuas yog nws muaj ob tails.
Yog tias xav tau los qhia txawm tias qhov ncua me me hauv cov suab paj nruag, ces tus lej ntawm cov tails yuav nce ntxiv ntawm lub cim nres. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub 32nd ncua yuav muaj peb tails, lub 64th yuav muaj plaub, thiab lwm yam.
Compound pauses
Ncua sijhawm ntev tshaj li qhov brevis hu ua compound. Pauses hauv suab paj nruag, lawv lub npe thiab kev sau yog nyob ntawm qhov yooj yim pauses. Yog tias cov ntawv sau sib txuas tau txuas nrog cov pab koomtes, ces qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub stave yog tsim los ntawm kev ncua yooj yim. Muaj peb txoj cai los sau cov cim:
- Yooj yim ncua raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tsum tau sau tseg raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cim intra-bar.
- Koj yuav tsum sim qhia qhov kev ncua ncua los ntawm tus lej me me ntawm qhov yooj yim ncua.
- Kev ncua ncua ntev yog qhia los ntawm kev kos npe rau lub suab paj nruag.
Piv txwv li, kev ncua ntev xya lub suab paj nruag yuav raug kaw hauv cov kab hauv qab no: plaub lub sijhawm luv, ob lub sijhawm ntev thiab ib qho tag nrho ncua.
Orchestral pause
Yog xav tau ib ntus uas kav ob peb lub suab paj nruag, ces koj yuav tsum siv lub orchestral. Nws yog dab tsi? Lub orchestral nres nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog qhia nyob rau hauv stave los ntawm ib tug bold kab nyob rau hauv peb kab. Nws yeej ib txwm muaj tus lej saum toj no, qhia txog lub sijhawm ua suab paj nruag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Siv lub suab paj nruag feem ntau thaum ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag polyphonic. Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub suab muaj lub sij hawm (siv ob peb ntsuas) ntawm qhov tsis xav tau lub suab. Kev ncua uas kav ntev tshaj ib qhontsuas thiab siv tau rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg hu nkauj, pawg los yog orchestra, hu ua general.
Score of suab paj nruag so
Suab paj nruag ib txwm ntws tsis tau nres. Yog li ntawd, ncua sij hawm yuav tsum ntws ncaj nraim los ntawm kev ntsuas mus rau qhov ntsuas. Lawv suav hais tias zoo ib yam li cov ntawv sau npe:
- tag nrho ncua: ib-thiab, ob-thiab, peb-thiab, plaub-thiab;
- ib nrab: ib-thiab, ob-thiab (lossis peb-thiab, plaub-thiab, nyob ntawm kev ntsuas);
- plaub: ib-thiab.
Txo ntxiv.
Pom zoo:
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Txhua tus neeg tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej xav txog kev txawj ua suab paj nruag thiab, tej zaum, txawm kawm los ua suab paj nruag nws tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam tsis nyuaj li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsum tau kawm txog suab paj nruag txoj kev xav thiab qee qhov nuances ntawm kev sau. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog trifles piv rau lub peev xwm ua hauj lwm txuj ci tseem ceeb. Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm no, lo lus nug "Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv?" ua tsis tseem ceeb