Qhia thiab piv txwv txhais tau tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 12:07

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov duab kos duab, cov ntawv nyeem muaj nws cov txuj ci kos duab raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov lus thiab kev hais lus. Lawv raug hu ua lub sij hawm "cov duab txhais tau tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv". Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov no txhais tau tias yog piav qhia qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb raws li qhov ua tau thiab qhia lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim kos duab ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsim kom muaj lub siab xav.

Trails and figures

Kev qhia thiab pom kev txhais lus ntawm cov lus yog ntau yam tropes thiab cov duab ntawm kev hais lus. Lo lus "trope" hauv Greek txhais tau tias " kiv puag ncig", uas yog, nws yog qee yam kev qhia lossis lo lus siv hauv kev xav. Tus kws sau ntawv siv lub trope ua piv txwv thiab qhia tau hais tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau dua figurativeness. Epithets, metaphors, personifications, hyperbole thiab lwm yam khoom siv kos duab muaj feem xyuam nrog tropes. Cov duab ntawm kev hais lus yog cov kev hais lus uas txhawb kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Antithesis, epiphora, inversion thiab ntau lwm tus yog cov piv txwv txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib tug stylistic ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "cov duab ntawm kev hais lus". Tam sim no cia peb saib ze rau lawv.

Ntxhais

Cov cuab yeej siv tshaj plaws yog kev siv cov epithets, uas yog, piv txwv, feem ntau ua piv txwv, cov lus uas pictorially characterizes cov khoom piav. Peb yuav ntsib epithets nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg ("ib qho kev ua koob tsheej ", "ntau nyiaj txiag kub" nyob rau hauv epic "Sadko") thiab nyob rau hauv tus sau tej hauj lwm ("ceev faj thiab lag ntseg" suab ntawm ib tug poob txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv Mandelstam paj huam). Qhov ntau nthuav tawm lub epithet, qhov kev xav ntau dua thiab ci dua cov duab tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm lo lus.

Metaphors

Lo lus "metapho" tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov lus Greek, nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm feem ntau tropes. Nws txhais tau tias "lub ntsiab lus portable". Yog hais tias tus sau piv ib tug poob dej rau ib tug grain ntawm pob zeb diamond, thiab ib tug crimson pawg ntawm roob tshauv mus rau lub bonfire, ces peb tham txog ib tug piv txwv.

Metonymy

Ib qho lus nthuav dav txhais tau tias yog lus Metonymy. Txhais los ntawm Greek - renaming. Hauv qhov no, lub npe ntawm ib yam khoom raug xa mus rau lwm tus, thiab cov duab tshiab tau yug los. Kev npau suav zoo los ntawm Peter lub Great txog tag nrho cov chij uas yuav "mus ntsib peb" los ntawm Pushkin's "Bronze Horseman" yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm metonymy. Lo lus "chij" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hloov lub tswvyim ntawm "lub teb chaws, xeev". Metonymy tau yooj yim siv hauv xov xwm thiab hauv kev hais lus: "Lub Tsev Dawb", piv txwv li, tsis yog hu ua lub tsev, tab sis nws cov neeg nyob. Thaum peb hais tias "mloog hniav", peb txhais tau hais tias mob hniav ploj.

Synecdoche txhais tau tias piv. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ntau lub hauv paus: "tus German tau tawm tsam" (lub ntsiab lus ntawm German tub rog), "tus noog tsis ya ntawm no, tsiaj nyaum tsis tuaj ntawm no" (ntawm chav kawm, peb. tham ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog).

Oxymoron

Kev piav qhia thiab kev txhais lus hauv cov ntawv nyeem kuj yog oxymoron. Ib tug stylistic daim duab, uas kuj yuav tig tawm mus ua ib tug stylistic yuam kev - lub union ntawm incompatible, nyob rau hauv ib tug literal translation, lo lus Greek no suab zoo li "witty-stupid". Piv txwv ntawm oxymoron yog cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv nto moo "Hot Snow", "Virgin Av Upturned" lossis "Living Corpse".

Parallelism thiab parcelling

Parallelism (xav siv cov kev sib txuas lus zoo sib xws hauv cov kab thiab kab lus uas nyob ib sab) thiab parceling (sib kab lus sib cais) feem ntau yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem qhia. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm thawj yog pom nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Xalaumoo: "Lub sij hawm ua kev quaj ntsuag, thiab lub sij hawm ua las voos." Piv txwv thib ob:

"Kuv mus. Thiab koj mus. Koj thiab kuv tab tom taug kev. Kuv yuav pom. Koj yuav tsis pom. Yog koj ua raws."

Invert

Dab tsi piv txwv hauv kev hais lus kos duab tseem tuaj yeem pom? Kev hloov pauv. Lo lus los ntawm lo lus Latin thiab txhais tias "permutation, thim rov qab." Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, inversion yog hais txog kev hloov ntawm cov lus los yog ib feem ntawm kab lus los ntawm ib txwm mus rau qhov kev txiav txim rov qab. Qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau ua kom cov lus pom tseem ceeb dua, tom lossis muaj yeeb yuj: "Peb cov neeg mob siab ntev!", "Lub hnub nyoog vwm, vwm."

Hyperbole. Litotes. Irony

Kev nthuav qhia cov duab txhais tau tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb, litotes, irony. Thawj thiab thib ob yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm exaggeration-understatement. Hyperbole tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tus phab ej Mikula Selyaninovich, uas nrog ib txhais tes "rub tawm" lub plows los ntawm hauv av, uas tag nrho cov "zoo pab pawg" ntawm Volga Svyatoslavovich yuav tsis budge. Litota, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua rau daim duab me me thaum tus dev me me tau hais tias "tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li thimble." Irony, uas lub suab zoo li "pretense" hauv kev txhais lus, yog tsim los hu cov ntsiab lus tsis yog qhov nws zoo li. Qhov no yog ib qho kev thuam me me uas lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau muab zais rau hauv cov lus sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog ib qho kev hais tsis txaus siab rau tus nplaig khi: "Vim li cas, Cicero, koj tsis tuaj yeem txuas ob lo lus?" Lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov chaw nyob nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias Cicero yog tus neeg hais lus zoo.

Kev nqis tes ua thiab kev sib piv

Scenic tropes yog kev sib piv thiab personification. Cov lus piv txwv no hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb poetics, txaus siab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg nyeem. Kev sib piv yog cov txheej txheem uas feem ntau siv thaum muaj cua daj cua dub ntawm snowflakes nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rais pane piv, piv txwv li, nrog cov swarm ntawm midges ya mus rau hauv lub teeb (B. Pasternak). Los yog, zoo li Joseph Brodsky,tus hawk ya saum ntuj "zoo li lub hauv paus square." Thaum impersonated, inanimate khoom tau txais "nyob" cov khoom los ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm tus kws kos duab. Qhov no yog "ua pa ntawm lub lauj kaub", uas "lub tsho tawv ua kom sov", nyob rau hauv Yevtushenko los yog me me "maple ntoo" nyob rau hauv Yesenin, uas "sucks" "ntsuab udder" ntawm ib tug neeg laus tsob ntoo, nyob ze nws loj hlob. nce. Thiab cia peb nco qab Pasternak snowstorm, uas "sculpts" "mugs thiab xub" ntawm lub qhov rais iav!

Pun. gradation. Antithesis

Ntawm cov duab stylistic ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog pun, gradation, antithesis.

Pun, lo lus Fab Kis, txhais tau hais tias kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li, hauv lus tso dag: "Kuv rub hneev thiab mus rau ib tus neeg hnav ris tsho zoo li Cipollino."

Kev sib tw yog qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov tswv cuab homogeneous kom ntxiv dag zog lossis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm lawv txoj kev xav: nkag mus, pom, tau muaj.

Antithesis yog qhov sib txawv ntse, zoo nkauj, zoo li hauv Pushkin's "Little Tragedies", thaum nws piav txog lub rooj uas nyuam qhuav noj mov, thiab tam sim no muaj lub hleb rau ntawm nws. Kev txais tos ntawm antithesis txhim kho lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Ntawm no yog lub ntsiab lus txhais tau tias tus tswv siv los muab nws cov neeg nyeem kom zoo nkauj, embossed thiab muaj yeeb yuj lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov lus.