Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Akhmatova paj huam "Native Land" thiab nws keeb kwm yav dhau

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

1961. Paj huam "Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej" tau sau. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob Leningrad nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm tus kws sau paj lug lub neej, nrog ib tug epigraph los ntawm nws tus kheej paj huam.

Vim ntiaj teb

Kev tsom xam ntawm Akhmatova paj huam "Native Land" yuav tsum pib nrog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Vim li cas nws yog haiv neeg, thiab tsis yog lub teb chaws, tsis yog Russia?"

Zaj paj huam tau sau rau hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo pib ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Tab sis Anna Andreevna sau tsis yog hais txog lub teb chaws, tab sis hais txog nws haiv neeg thaj av, fertile av - tus nais maum. Los ntawm lub sixties, kev lig kev cai ntawm kev pe hawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv yav dhau los, tab sis Anna Andreevna paub tseeb tias haiv neeg nco tseem nyob rau hauv lub ntsuj plig ntawm tib neeg. Thiab yog, "qhov no yog av ntawm galoshes," tab sis Russia tsis muaj qhov twg. Cov av no pub peb thiab coj peb mus rau hauv nws tus kheej thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev ua neej. Muaj kev nkag siab zoo hauv cov kab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Tsis tas yuav sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog lub tebchaws, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub tebchaws.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub teb chaws ib txwm muaj suab hauv paj huam Anna Andreevna. Nws tsis yog kev mob siab rau xwb, tab sis kev pabcuam rau lub tebchaws, txawm tias muaj kev sim siab. Akhmatova yeej ib txwm nrog cov neeg. Ib sab. Ua ke. Nws tsis saib xyuas nws haiv neeg ib yam li lwm tus kws sau paj huam.

Vim li castsis yog Russia, tab sis thaj av? Vim hais tias tus kws sau paj huam perceives nws homeland tsis yog ib lub teb chaws, tab sis raws li lub teb chaws uas nws yug los thiab nyob. Nws tsis lees txais txoj cai tswjfwm, kev tsim txom thiab kev ua tsov rog. Tab sis nws hlub nws lub tebchaws, cov neeg uas nws nyob, thiab npaj siab ua siab ntev nrog lawv.

Nws twb sau txog qhov no rau xyoo 1922. "Kuv tsis nrog cov …" - nws yog los ntawm cov paj huam no uas cov kab kawg rau lub epigraph raug coj mus. Thiab rau plaub lub xyoos dhau los, txawm tias txhua yam, nws tus cwj pwm rau nws lub tebchaws tsis tau hloov pauv. Thiab tau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau heev hauv 40 xyoo no, ob qho tib si hauv nws txoj hmoo thiab txoj hmoo ntawm lub tebchaws.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Backstory

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Akhmatova zaj paj huam "Native Land" tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias koj tsis paub zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yuav tsum ua siab loj thiab mob siab npaum li cas thiaj li tsis tso nws cov lus thiab kev ntseeg ntawm plaub caug xyoo dhau los, yog tias koj tsis paub tias nws tau ntsib dab tsi nyob rau xyoo no.

Kev tsom xam ntawm A. Akhmatova cov paj huam "Native Land" yuav tsum tsis txhob pib nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua - nrog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov lus sib dhos thiab lwm yam, qhov no yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Thiab koj yuav tsum pib nrog dab tsi tshwm sim ua ntej sau cov paj huam no hauv lub neej ntawm "Anna ntawm Tag Nrho Russia", raws li nws contemporaries hu nws. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lub ntsiab lus tob ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav pom meej, txhua qhov kev iab thiab txhua yam kev hlub uas tau nqis peev hauv nws.

Xyoo 1921, Anna Andreevna paub tias nws tus phooj ywg zoo tawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Thiab qhov no yog li cas nws hnov qab qhov kev ncaim ntawm tus neeg hlub: nws sau tias "Kuv tsis nrog cov neeg uas tau ncaim lub ntiaj teb." Ib zaj paj huam sau rau xyoo tom ntej thiab suav nrog hauv phau Anno domini. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam no, indignation, npau taws, thiab ib tug tag nrho txhais civiltxoj hauj lwm. Ib txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau hloov vim yog cov xwm txheej tom ntej, tab sis tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog.

Lub neej ntawm ob zaj paj huam

Los ntawm 1923 txog 1940, Anna Andreevna tsis tau luam tawm. Thiab nws nyuaj rau nws. Nws raug indirect repression. Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1935, nws tus tub Leo raug ntes. Thiab kuj yog nws tus txiv, tab sis tsis ntev nws raug tso tawm. Thiab Lev Nikolayevich, tom qab kev tso tawm luv luv, tau raug ntes dua. Tau tsib xyoos, Akhmatova nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab ntshai - txawm tias nws tus tub yuav raug zam los yog tsis.

Xyoo 1940, cua ntawm kev cia siab tshwm; tus kws sau paj huam raug tso cai luam tawm, qee cov neeg raug tso tawm ntawm Stalinist camps. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1941, tsov rog pib. Kev tshaib kev nqhis, ntshai, khiav tawm.

Hauv xyoo 1946, thaum qhov kev tuav ntawm censorship zoo li tsis muaj zog, Anna Andreevna raug ntiab tawm ntawm Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv thiab txwv tsis pub luam tawm nws cov ntawv sau. Qhov tseeb, lawv raug kev txom nyem ntawm lawv txoj kev ua neej. Xyoo 1949, Anna Andreevna tus tub raug ntes dua, thiab nws rov sawv hauv kab nrog parcels.

Xyoo 1951 nws tau rov qab los rau hauv Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv. Xyoo 1955, ib lub tsev me me tau muab faib rau cov kws sau paj huam tsis muaj tsev nyob hauv lub zos Komarovo ze Leningrad, tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm Fountain House thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1952. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis maj nrawm los luam tawm nws. Thiab tau ntau xyoo, Akhmatova cov paj huam tau luam tawm los ntawm samizdat.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1960, Anna Andreevna pib intercostal neuralgia, nws raug mob ntau lub plawv, kev nyuaj siab pib hauv tsev kho mob. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeev no nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob thaum lub sij hawm sau ntawv "Native Land". Koj xav tau dab tsi thiab kev mob siab rauyuav tsum tau nqa los ntawm txhua qhov kev poob ntawm lawv txoj kev hlub rau lub teb chaws thiab tsis hloov lawv txoj haujlwm pej xeem.

Kev tshuaj ntsuam ib txwm ntawm Akhmatova paj huam "Native Land"

Txoj hauj lwm yog hais txog kev hlub rau lub teb chaws, tab sis lo lus "hlub" nws tus kheej tsis nyob rau hauv nws. Analyzing Akhmatova paj huam "Native Land", nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub hais tias nws yog txhob txwm muab cais tawm. Cov paj huam yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas txawm hais tias tsis muaj lo lus no nws qhia tag nrho cov kev hlub rau haiv neeg thaj av. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv ob feem yog siv, uas yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv loj.

Hloov qhov loj me tam sim ntawd ntes koj lub qhov muag thaum koj txheeb xyuas cov paj huam "Native Land". Akhmatova qhia meej meej txhua yam. iambic rau-ko taw - thawj 8 kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev hloov mus rau anapaest yog peb-ko taw, thiab tom qab - plaub-ko taw. Iambic yog qhov tsis lees paub qhov tsis suav nrog kev nkag siab ntawm kev hlub ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Anapaest yog cov lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus yooj yim. Ib tug neeg yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab kev ywj pheej xav txog nws tus kheej txhais tau tias hlub.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "av" nws tus kheej, thaum soj ntsuam cov paj huam "Native Land". Akhmatova siv lawv ua khub. Paj huam muaj ob lub ntsiab. Thawj yog qhov chaw uas peb nyob thiab tuag, qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso tseg, txawm yuav muaj li cas los xij. Qhov thib ob yog av, hmoov av, "crunching ntawm cov hniav." Txhua yam yooj yim ntawm no. Ob lub epithets (" cog lus ", thiab lwm yam) thiab cov lus "zoo nkauj" ("beredite", "ladanka") nyob rau hauv thawj, iambic ib feem. Qhov thib ob muaj xws li vernacular, tsis muaj epithets. Txhua yam yog ntau yooj yim, tab sis tob. Kev hlub tiag tsis tas yuav muaj txoj sia.