Avant-garde artists. Lavxias teb sab avant-garde artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib qho dej ntws tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia, uas yog los ntawm kev niaj hnub thiab hu ua "Lavxias avant-garde". Lub suab zoo li avant - "ua ntej" thiab garde - "tus neeg saib xyuas", tab sis dhau sij hawm, kev txhais lus tau dhau los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab thiab suab zoo li "vanguard". Qhov tseeb, tus tsim ntawm cov qauv no yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Fabkis avant-garde ntawm xyoo pua 19th, uas tau tawm tsam qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm txhua lub hauv paus uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev muaj peev xwm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde yog qhov tsis lees paub cov kab lis kev cai thiab tsis sau cov cai ntawm kev txawj kos duab.

Avant-garde thiab nws cov dej ntws

Lavxias teb sab avant-garde yog kev sib xyaw ntawm Lavxias kev coj noj coj ua nrog qee cov tswv yim ntawm Western European painting. Nyob rau hauv Russia, avant-garde ntxias yog cov uas pleev xim rau hauv cov style ntawm abstractionism, Suprematism,constructivism thiab cubofuturism. Qhov tseeb, plaub qhov dej ntws no yog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm avant-garde.

• Abstractionists thaum sau ntawv ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau xim thiab daim ntawv. Siv lawv, lawv tsim ntau lub koom haum. Tus tsim ntawm cov qauv no nyob rau hauv Russia yog V. Kandinsky, thiab dhau sij hawm nws tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm K. Malevich, M. Larionov, N. Goncharova.



• Txhim kho lub tswv yim ntawm abstractionism, K. Malevich tsim lwm txoj kev - Suprematism. Thawj canvas ntawm cov qauv no yog "Black Square". Thaum tsim ib daim duab, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov duab thiab cov xim raug coj los ua ntej. Cov tswv yim ntawm Suprematism tau qhia meej meej hauv cov haujlwm ntawm avant-garde artists O. Rozanova, I. Klyun, A. Exter, N. Ud altsova.
• Constructivism yog raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev piav qhia txog kev tsim khoom thiab thev naus laus zis. Cov tsim ntawm cov qauv no yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th V. Tatlin thiab E. Lissitzky.
• Kev sib xyaw ntawm Fabkis cubism thiab Italian futurism tau yug los rau lwm tus qauv: cubo-futurism. Tej hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv no style tau txawv los ntawm abstract forms thiab ib tug ua ke ntawm cov xim uas tsis paub txog cov painting ntawm lub sij hawm. Lavxias teb sab avant-garde artists K. Malevich, O. Rozanova, N. Goncharova, N. Ud altsova, L. Popova, A. Exter tau los ua cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cubo-futurism.

Kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm avant-garde

Lub avant-garde txav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qee qhov nta uas txawv ntawm lwm cov lus qhia:

• Vanguardists txais tos txhua yamkev hloov pauv, xws li kev hloov pauv.
• Tam sim no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw, piv txwv li, kev xav tsis tseeb thiab tsis muaj tseeb.
• Kev lees paub, qhuas thiab qhuas rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
• Cov ntawv tshiab, cov tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej tsis tau siv yav dhau los hauv ntiaj teb kos duab.
• Kev tsis lees paub kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th.
• Kev tsis lees paub lossis lees paub ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, tsim cov hauv paus hauv kev kos duab.
• Kev sim nrog cov duab, xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo.

Wasily Kandinsky

Txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde ntawm xyoo pua 20th yog "cov menyuam yaus" ntawm Wassily Kandinsky, uas tau los ua tus tsim ntawm avant-garde hauv Russia. Tag nrho nws txoj haujlwm tau muab faib ua 3 theem:

• Thaum lub sijhawm Munich, Kandinsky tau ua haujlwm ntawm toj roob hauv pes, tsim cov txuj ci xws li Blue Rider, Lub Rooj vag, Gulf ntug dej hiav txwv hauv Holland, Lub Nroog Qub.
• lub sijhawm Moscow. Cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yog "Amazon" thiab "Amazon hauv roob".
• Bauhaus thiab Paris. Lub voj voog yog siv ntau dua thiab ntau dua piv rau lwm cov duab geometric, thiab cov ntxoov ntxoo gravitate rau txias thiab txias tones. Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub sijhawm no yog "Little Dream in Red", "Composition VIII", "Small Worlds", "Daj Suab", "Fancy".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich yug hauv Lub Ob Hlis 1879 hauv Kyiv rau tsev neeg Polish. Thawj zaug ua tus kws kos duab, nws sim nws tus kheej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, thaum nws tau nthuav tawm nrog cov xim pleev xim. Txij thaum ntawd los, rau Malevich tsis muaj teeb meem ntau dua li kev pleev xim. Tiamsis niam txiv tsis uaqhia lawv tus tub txoj haujlwm nyiam thiab hais kom tau txais txoj haujlwm loj dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, Malevich nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv agronomic. Tom qab tsiv mus rau Kursk xyoo 1896, nws tau ntsib Lev Kvachevsky, tus kws kos duab qhia Kazimir mus kawm hauv Moscow. Hmoov tsis zoo, Malevich ob zaug tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting. Nws pib kawm cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm Rerberg, uas tsis tau tsuas yog qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas artist, tab sis kuj tau saib xyuas nws nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev: nws npaj exhibitions ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, qhia nws rau pej xeem. Ob qho tib si thaum ntxov thiab lig tej hauj lwm ntawm K. Malevich yog pompous thiab lub siab xav. Zoo li lwm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias teb sab avant-garde ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws muab kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev qias neeg hauv nws cov haujlwm, tab sis tag nrho cov duab kos tau koom ua ke los ntawm irony thiab kev xav. Nyob rau hauv 1915, Malevich nthuav tawm rau pej xeem ib tug series ntawm paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm avant-garde, uas nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog Dub Square. Ntawm ntau yam haujlwm, ob tus kiv cua thiab avant-garde artists hu ua "Ib yam tsis zoo", "So. Society in Top Hats", "Siab", "Linen on the Fence", "Torso", "Gardener", "Church", "Ob Dryads", "Cubo-Futuristic Composition".

YMikhail Larionov

Studied ntawm Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture. Nws cov kws cob qhia yog cov neeg pleev kob nto moo xws li Korovin, Levitan thiab Serov. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm ntawm Larionov, muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Nesterov thiab Kuznetsov, uas yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias avant-garde artists thiab lawv paintings tsis koom nyob rau hauv no qauv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Larionov thiab tej thaj chaw xws li pej xeem kos duab, primitivism. Cov ntawv tub rog hla dhau, piv txwv li, "Cov Tub Rog So" thiab txoj kev xav ntawm kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, pom hauv cov duab "Venus" thiab "Katsapskaya Venus". Zoo li lwm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Soviet avant-garde, Larionov tau koom nrog hauv Donkey's Tail thiab Jack of Diamonds exhibitions.

Natalia Goncharova

Thaum xub thawj, Goncharova kawm duab puab thiab tsuas yog nws thiaj li hloov mus rau tha xim. Nws thawj tus kws cob qhia yog Korovin, thiab lub sijhawm no nws zoo siab rau kev nthuav qhia nrog nws cov duab kos hauv lub siab ntawm impressionism. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nyiam los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kos duab thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg sib txawv thiab eras. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau cov tsos ntawm cov paintings xws li "Cov Evangelists", "Bread Harvest", "Niam", "Round Dance". Thiab cov duab "Orchids" thiab "Radiant Lilies" tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev kos duab tsis txawj tuag ntawm daim ntaub

Olga Rozanova

Zoo li feem ntau cov kws kos duab, tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm qib siab, Rozanova tau los ntawm lwm tus neeg pleev kob. Cov kws ua yeeb yam Avant-garde tau qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas txawj ntse rau pej xeem lub neej, thiab dhau 10 xyoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab tsim ntau phau ntawv thiab tsim khoom. Rozanova tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, hloov cov qauv thiab cov lus qhia.

Ivan Klyunkov (Klyun)

Txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Ivan Klyun hloov pauv ntau tom qab ntsib nrog Malevich. Txawm tias ua ntej ntsib nws, tus kws kos duab tau kawm Fabkis txoj kev kos duab thiab mus xyuas Jack of Diamonds exhibition. Tom qab lub rooj sib tham muaj hmoo, Klyun ntxiv nws cov khoom sau nrog cov duab "Gramophone", "Jug" thiab "Running Landscape". Tom qab ntawd ua hauj lwm cov artist ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm figurative painting, tsim portraits,ib hom ntawv sau, tseem muaj sia, illustrations.

Alexandra Exter

Exter tau dhau los ua tus kws kos duab ua tsaug rau kev mus rau Paris, qhov uas txoj hmoo tau coj nws mus nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb xws li Picasso, Jacob, Braque, Apollinaire, ntawm cov uas yog avant-garde artists. Tom qab Kev mus ncig, Exter pib pleev xim rau hauv Impressionist style thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog cov duab "Tseem lub neej nrog lub vase thiab paj" thiab "Peb tus poj niam". Thaum lub sij hawm, pointillism thiab cubism pib tshwm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm. Alexandra tau nthuav tawm nws cov duab kos ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kos duab tau mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau cov khoom siv tsis yog lub hom phiaj thiab cov duab pleev xim, teeb ci, hauv ncoo, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ua yeeb yam.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin pib kawm ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture, thiab tom qab ntawd tom Tsev Kawm Ntawv Penza Art. Tab sis vim tsis tuaj kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm tsis zoo, nws raug ntiab tawm yam tsis tau txais daim diploma. Xyoo 1914, Tatlin twb tau nthuav tawm nws cov haujlwm ntawm Jack of Diamonds thiab Donkey's Tail exhibitions. Yeej, nws paintings yog txuam nrog nuv ntses lub neej txhua hnub. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv kev coj ua yog ua si los ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog Picasso: nws yog tom qab nws tias Tatlin pib tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm cubism thiab nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "Larionov lub hwj chim". Nws cov kev tsim tau cuam tshuam cov qauv ua los ntawm cov ntoo thiab hlau thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv Lavxias avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Thawj zaug, Lissitzky tuaj hla kev kos duab hauv Jewish Society for the Encouragement of Arts, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1916. Thaum ntawd, nws tsis yog xwbpiav qhia txog cov neeg Yudais cov ntawv tshaj tawm, tab sis kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Kyiv. Tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb ua ke nrog cov ntawv sau ntawv thiab World of Art graphics. Thaum tuaj txog hauv Vitebsk, Lissitzky nyiam qhov tsis yog lub hom phiaj muaj tswv yim, tsim cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. El's brainchild yog "prouns" - peb-seem cov duab uas yog lub hauv paus rau cov rooj tog ntau lawm hnub no.

Lyubov Popova

Zoo li feem ntau cov kws ua yeeb yam, Popova tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: nws cov haujlwm thaum ntxov tau ua hauv cov qauv ntawm Cezanne, thiab tom qab ntawd cov yam ntxwv ntawm cubism, fauvism thiab futurism tshwm sim. Popova perceived lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug loj tseem lub neej thiab pauv mus rau lub canvas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov duab nraaj. Kev hlub tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub suab ntawm cov xim. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Malevich. Ua tsaug rau kev tsim cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab, Popova tau siv cov duab kos duab deco, uas sib haum xeeb ua ke avant-garde thiab niaj hnub. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim rau tus kws kos duab los ua ke qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, piv txwv li, cubism nrog Renaissance thiab Lavxias icon painting.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Lavxias avant-garde hauv keeb kwm

Ntau qhov kev txhim kho avant-garde cov neeg ua yeeb yam tseem siv hauv kev ua yeeb yam, txawm hais tias avant-garde raws li tus qauv tsis nyob ntev. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau nws lub cev qhuav dej nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia uas avant-garde artists tsim. Lub avant-garde ua ib qho kev kos duab ua rau nws ua tau rau kev lag luam yees duab thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab tsim, thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, txoj hauv kev thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv kev daws teeb meem kev kos duab.