Pantomime yog ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Pantomime yog ib hom kev kos duab tshwj xeeb, kev sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud thiab lwm tus neeg. Txhais los ntawm cov lus Greek thaum ub, lo lus no txhais tau tias "tus uas piav txog txhua yam." Yog li, pantomime yog ib hom kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam uas lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog qhia los ntawm gestures, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov lus.

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm "tsim" art

Daim duab no tau tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm qub thiab yog ib feem ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev cai dab qhuas. Lub theatre ntawm pantomime tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Augustus. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj medieval, lub tsev teev ntuj txwv pantomime, tab sis lub tom kawg tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov kos duab ntawm wandering jugglers, mimes, minstrels thiab buffoons.

Hom kev kos duab no tau mus txog nws lub hnub tseem ceeb hauv Renaissance hauv impromptu commedia dell'arte, staged los ntawm itinerant Italian lam. Thawj pantomime yog kev hlub (txhua txhua hnub) melodrama, harlequinade, uas los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tau dhau los ua cov nyiam ua yeeb yam-lub rooj muag khoom hauv Fabkis.

Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Tshiab

Yuav ua li cas theatrical ballet pantomime thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv 1702 ntawm London theatreDrury Lane. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, nws tau ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam hauv comedies thiab xwm txheej. Yuav ua li cas seev cev pantomime los ua ib feem ntawm JJ Nover's ballet-drama.

Raws li tus lej pop cais, qhov "tseem ceeb" scene tau nquag txhim kho hauv cov tsev suab paj nruag thiab cov chaw ua yeeb yam me me hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv pantomime tau tshwm sim hauv Marseille, coj los ntawm L. Ruff. Thawj thawj zaug, tus neeg ua yeeb yam uas thaum kawg yuav tau txais lub koob meej hauv ntiaj teb, tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntsiag to, Ch. Chaplin, nkag mus rau theem ntawm London theatre. Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, M. Reinhardt tau koom nrog kev kos duab zoo li no.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tsis yog lub hom phiaj pantomime tshwm - ib hom dab neeg uas siv cov khoom uas tsis muaj nyob, xav txog. Lub mime ntawm peb hnub yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm nws lub cev. Nws yuav tsum muaj ntau yam: ib tug juggler, acrobat, ua yeeb yam, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau paub zoo nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ballet. Ntxiv mus, ib tug zoo mime yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug philosopher uas muaj peev xwm instill lub siab xav, kev xav, kev paub nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg nrog kev pab los ntawm gestures ib leeg.

Nyob pantomime

Muaj ntau hom "tseem ceeb" kos duab:

- seev cev (tseem nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas thiab rituals ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, cov pab pawg neeg pagan, tseem khaws cia ntawm ntau haiv neeg);

- classical (lub hauv paus tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov tsom iav ntawm Greek thiab Roman kev vam meej thaum ub; paj huam, suab paj nruag thiab kev ua tau zoo sib haum xeeb hauv nws);

- acrobatic (xws li juggling, dhia, ntau yam tricks; siv nws keeb kwm los ntawm oriental ua yeeb yam, yog nquag siv nyob rau hauvcircus);

- eccentric (siv nyob rau hauv lub circus, raws li ib co ntawm cov comical teeb meem, tshwj xeeb props koom nyob rau hauv lub scene).

Circus pantomime kuj suav nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, zoo nkauj pantomime, dej thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj extravaganza nrog cov xwm txheej loj thiab cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb. Qhov kawg saib yog qib siab tshaj plaws.

Muaj ob hom kev kos duab no: solo pantomime - ua haujlwm ntawm ib tus kws kos duab, thiab ua yeeb yam, nrog kev koom tes ntawm pawg neeg ua yeeb yam, siv scenery thiab script.

hom pantomime

Raws li nws hom, pantomime yog ib qho kev lom zem, xwm txheej lossis ua yeeb yam, zaj dab neeg lossis dab neeg, phau ntawv lossis zaj dab neeg luv luv, pop me me. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, txhua yam yog raug rau nws. Comedy yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug satirical, humorous mus kom ze. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov cim raug daws tshwj xeeb. Ch. Chaplin tau lees paub tias yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab-mime txhua lub sijhawm. Hauv kev xwm txheej, zaj dab neeg xaus rau hauv kev puas tsuaj. Tragic pantomime yog cim los ntawm qhov hnyav, qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis sib haum xeeb.

Zaj dab neeg thiab dab neeg dab neeg, raws li txoj cai, qhia txog qee tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov cim, feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kawg rau kev ua khawv koob thiab khawv koob. Ib qho "tseem ceeb" ntau lawm tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv, qhia txog kev tsis lees paub ntawm lub neej uas twb muaj lawm, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws, nws tuaj yeem muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev thuam, raug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm zaj dab neeg luv luv, lub mime qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm gestures txog ib co lyrical zajlus. Nws tuaj yeem yog pantomime - kev ua si ntawm ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam, lossis tag nrho pab pawg ntawm mimes.

Pantomime hauv Russia

Christmas, ntau yam rituals, carnival, nrog rau txhua yam kev ncaj ncees ua yeeb yam thiab clowning tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm "tsim" kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ua yeeb yam pantomime tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj niaj hnub no - cov no yog N. Evreinov's "Crooked Mirror", K. Marzhdanov's "Tears", A. Tairov's "Toy Box", V. Meyerhold's "Colombina's Scarf".

Cov ntsiab cai qub ntawm lub qub mime theatre dell'arte tau rov xav dua, nchuav tawm rau hauv ib yam tshiab, nrog rau kev nyeem paj huam, suab paj nruag thiab seev cev. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, hom kev kos duab no ploj mus, vim hais tias qhov tseem ceeb yog lo lus - nkag siab ntau dua rau cov neeg coob coob, tsis tas yuav muaj kev kwv yees. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam circus, hais lus clowns tau hloov mime comedians. Txawm li cas los xij, pantomime yeej vam meej hauv kev ntaus pob. Muaj choreodramas thiab ua yeeb yam ballets, uas yog raws li "tsim" scenes, thiab tsis yog kev seev cev dawb huv.