Lub Moscow Art Theatre yog dab tsi thiab cov ntawv luv luv deciphered li cas?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub Gorky Moscow Art Theatre yog ib lub chaw ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws, nto moo thiab nrov hauv peb lub tebchaws. Tus thawj coj artistic yog tus naas ej actress Tatyana Doronina.

MKhAT

Dab tsi yog Moscow Art Theatre? Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub peev ua yeeb yam. Tag nrho cov connoisseurs ntawm theatrical art, ntawm chav kawm, yog paub txog cov cherished tsab ntawv. Moscow Art Theatre tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1898. Ntawm nws keeb kwm yog K. S. Stanislavsky thiab V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Lub theatre hloov nws lub npe ob peb zaug. Thaum xub thawj nws tau hu ua Artistic thiab Public Theatre, nyob rau hauv 1901 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, thiab txij li thaum 1919 nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua Moscow Art Theatre. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntawv luv - Moscow Art Academic Theatre.

Zaj dab neeg yug los ua yeeb yam

Lub Rau Hli 19, 1897, kev sib ntsib ntawm K. S. Stanislavsky thiab V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, uas tau tham txog kev tsim ib qho kev ua yeeb yam tshiab uas yuav ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Paris Free Theatre los ntawm A. Antoine thiab Berlin Free Stage Theatre los ntawm O. Bram ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib qho tshiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, qhov twg txhua yam yuav tsum muaj tseeb, tsis muaj kev hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ua tsis ncaj. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yampej xeem, uas yog, kom daim pib nqi qis, thiab txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem noj cov khoom zoo nkauj. Nov yog li cas Public Art Theatre (MKhAT) tau tsim.

Xyoo 1901, lo lus "public" raug tshem tawm ntawm lub npe, vim tias daim pib nqi yuav tsum tau nce, Duma tsis kam them nyiaj rau qhov project, thiab cov pej xeem muaj nyiaj tau txais kev saib xyuas nyiaj txiag ntawm nws. V. N. tau los ua tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj. Nemirovich-Danchenko, thiab K. S. Stanislavsky ua ke tus thawj coj txoj hauj lwm nrog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj coj. Cov pab pawg tau txais cov tub ntxhais kawm uas kawm ua yeeb yam nrog V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis yog kws tshaj lij uas ua si hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm K. Stanislavsky.

thawj qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam yog A. Tolstoy qhov xwm txheej "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich", uas tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab sai sai poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov neeg tuaj saib. Thaum kawg ntawm 1898, lub premiere ntawm "Lub Seagull" los ntawm A. P. Chekhov, uas nws ntau lawm tom qab los ua legendary. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam me me no tshiab, qub, siab tawv thiab ci. Txog rau xyoo 1905, lub repertoire suav nrog cov ntawv sau tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam: A. K. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, A. M. Gorky, G. Ibsen, tom qab ntawd classical productions tau ntxiv rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv 1906, lub Moscow Art Theatre troupe mus rau nws thawj ncig saib txawv teb chaws (lub decoding ntawm nws lub npe twb muab los ntawm peb saum toj no).

tsev ua yeeb yam

Cov ntawv luv Moscow Art Theatre tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, thaum xub thawj tsis muaj tsab ntawv "A" hauv nws thiab lub tsev ua yeeb yam hu ua Moscow Art Theatre. Kom txog rau thaum 1902, nrog nws lub tsev, lub troupe tsismuaj, thiab cov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv chav tsev xauj nrog ib chav rau 815 lub rooj. Tsis muaj qhov twg los khaws cov scenery, hnav khaub ncaws, rov xyaum ua haujlwm, kev cob qhia, yog li yuav tsum tau hloov qhov chaw. Tsis muaj nyiaj rau kev tsim kho, txij li Moscow Art Theatre tsis tau txais nyiaj los ntawm lub xeev thiab them nqi xauj tsev rau tus tswv ntawm lub tsev. Nws muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nyiaj tau txais los ntawm cov nqi los ntawm kev muag daim pib thiab los ntawm patrons. Ib tug ntawm cov uas nqis peev nyob rau hauv no ua yeeb yam yog nto moo S. Morozov, uas tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag ntawm Moscow Art Theatre. Nws tau saib xyuas cov nqi xauj tsev ntawm lub tsev tshiab, nws rov tsim kho thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1902, nyob rau hauv raws nraim peb lub hlis, lub tsev Lianozov rebuilt ua ib tug ua yeeb yam, qhov twg lub troupe tsiv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1902. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev tshiab, lub tsev yog tsim rau 1200 tus neeg saib, lub theem tau nruab nrog ib tug turntable, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj dav warehouses rau scenery. Daim ntaub thaiv tau ua zawv zawg, tsis nce, thiab nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub cim nto moo ntawm Moscow Art Theatre - tus seagull uas nce saum nthwv dej.

Soviet era

Txij li xyoo 1906, kev ua yeeb yam tau pib nyuaj vim qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm K. Stanislavsky thiab V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau tso tseg kev sib koom ua ke, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev tawg hauv lawv lub koom haum muaj tswv yim. Xyoo 1919, ib feem ntawm pab pawg, uas tau mus ncig xyuas hauv nroog hauv nroog, raug txiav tawm ntawm Moscow vim yog Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, thiab tom qab ntawd raug yuam mus txawv tebchaws, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1921 lawv tau tswj kom rov qab los.

Xyoo 1920, kev ua yeeb yam tau nce mus rau qib kev kawm,thiab hloov ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, lub npe hu ua Moscow Art Theatre tau tshwm sim.

1922 tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm pawg thawj coj los ntawm K. Stanislavsky, uas tau mus ncig Europe rau ob xyoos, txiav txim siab nyob txawv teb chaws, tsis xav rov qab mus rau USSR. Nyob rau hauv 1923, V. Nemirovich-Danchenko reorganized lub troupe, txij li thaum K. S. Stanislavsky ntseeg hais tias cov artist tau poob lawv tus ntsuj plig, tsis txhob siv zog rau txoj kev loj hlob, yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog cov khoom, ua phem rau lawv tus kheej nrog cov nqi loj thiab los ua ib tug neeg ntseeg siab heev. Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau hloov nrog cov tshiab thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, uas tau los ua lub zog rau kev loj hlob ntawm Moscow Art Theatre.

Qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv repertoire tau nyob los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, txawm hais tias cov khoom siv classical kuj tau tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom tsim raws li lawv yog qhov tshiab. Cov kev ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog "Turbine Days", "Armored Train 14-69", "Crazy Day, lossis Marriage of Figaro". Xyoo 1930, kev tsis pom zoo ntawm V. Nemirovich-Danchenko thiab K. S. Stanislavsky mus txog qhov txwv, thiab xyoo 1934 Konstantin Sergeevich tawm hauv Moscow Art Theatre.

Xyoo 1932, lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau muaj npe tom qab Maxim Gorky, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog suav nrog nws cov haujlwm hauv repertoire.

Tom qab V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko Lub Moscow Art Theatre yog khiav los ntawm Artistic Council.

Nyob rau xyoo 1950-1960, lub tsev ua yeeb yam muaj kev kub ntxhov, qhov tsis muaj tus thawj coj loj ua rau cov thawj coj yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam lawv tus kheej, vim li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yam yog ib hnub ua yeeb yam, muaj Muaj ob peb tus neeg saib, kev muaj koob meej tau poob, thiab kev ua yeeb ncuab tau kav hauv pab pawg.

Xyoo 1970, Art Council tau xaiv O. Efremov, uas tau ua lub neej tshiab rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, tau ua ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo, kho cov pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv nws, muaj koob meej rov qab mus rau Moscow Art Theatre. Qhov tsuas yog qhov nws kov tsis tau yog qhov xwm txheej hauv pab pawg, uas thaum kawg ua rau cov pab pawg tau faib ua 2 lub chaw pw hav zoov, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej repertoire thiab nws tus thawj coj.

MKHAT im. A. P. Chekhov

Cov pab pawg uas sai sai tau faib ua ob tau hloov pauv mus rau ob lub chaw ua yeeb yam, thiab vim li ntawd, muaj ob lub Moscow Art Theatre hauv Moscow. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej thawj coj. Dab tsi yog Moscow Art Theatre muaj npe tom qab A. P. Chekhov? Nws yog ib qho ntawm ob qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim los ntawm kev sib cais. Theatre muaj npe tom qab A. P. Chekhov tau coj los ntawm O. Efremov. Nyob rau hauv 2000, tom qab nws tuag, O. Tabakov, uas tuav no ncej hnub no, los ua lub taub hau. Ua tsaug rau nws, lub repertoire tau hloov kho, lub hauv paus ntawm uas tam sim no classical tej hauj lwm. Thiab nws kuj tau kho cov pab pawg. Niaj hnub no, ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam muaj xws li cov npe nrov xws li K. Khabensky, M. Porechenkov thiab ntau lwm tus. Xyoo 2004, tsab ntawv "A" txhais tau tias "kev kawm" ploj ntawm lub npe ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam, thiab tam sim no nws hu ua A. Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre. Txawm hais tias lub npe tsis tau hloov pauv, nws tsuas yog hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Moscow Art Theatre txhais li cas (raws li nws tau txhais) hnub no? Ib yam li ua ntej lub tsev ua yeeb yam tawg - Moscow Art Academic Theatre. Nws nyob hauv Kamergersky Lane.

Doronina Theatre

Dab tsi yog Gorky Moscow Art Theatre? Thiab qhov no yog qhov thib ob ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim los ntawm kev sib cais hauv xyoo 1987. Nws tau coj los ntawm Tatyana Doronina. Yuav ua li cassawv rau Moscow Art Theatre muaj npe tom qab M. Gorky? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim heev: Moscow Academic Art Theatre muaj npe tom qab Maxim Gorky. Nws nyob ntawm Tverskoy Boulevard. Moscow Art Theatre nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm T. Doronina ua raws li cov kev cai tsim nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Stanislavsky. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam muaj classical plays nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Lub cim ntawm Gorky Moscow Art Theatre yog ib tug seagull soaring saum nthwv dej.

Studio School

Lub Tsev Kawm Ua Yeeb Yam Moscow Art Theatre-Studio yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, uas yog qhib ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam npe tom qab A. P. Chekhov. Yav tom ntej actors, directors thiab producers tau kawm nyob rau hauv no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv-studio tau qhib nyob rau hauv 1943 nyob rau hauv lub teg num ntawm V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Rau lub hlis tom qab nws tuag, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj npe tom qab nws. Lub tsev kawm ntawv theatrical no yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab muaj npe nrov hauv lub tebchaws, nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau qhov ntawd vim muaj kev sib tw loj. Piv txwv li, kev sib tw rau lub tuam tsev ua yeeb yam yog li 30 tus neeg ib lub rooj zaum. Ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm Moscow Art Theatre Tsev Kawm Ntawv muaj npe tom qab V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko ntau tus naas ej lam: L. Armor, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronina, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, V. Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A. Baluev, E. Mironov thiab Lwm tus.

Repertoire ntawm Gorky Moscow Art Theatre

Cov neeg tuaj saib uas tau mus xyuas Moscow Art Theatre tsawg kawg ib zaug, rau feem ntau tawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo heev. Yog li, cov lus qhuas yog hais rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov thawj coj, cov kws kos duab. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam muaj kev nthuav ua yeeb yam, ob qho tib si classical thiab niaj hnub, uas, feem ntau, yog heevzoo li pej xeem. Lub repertoire kuj suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam rau cov menyuam yaus uas tuaj yeem koom nrog tag nrho tsev neeg.

Hnub no, ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj npe nrov heev:

• "Blue noog";
• Chocolate tub rog;
• "Tus Tswv thiab Margarita";
• "Romeo thiab Juliet";
• "Russian vaudeville";
• "Hmoob";
• "Vassa Zheleznova" thiab ntau lwm tus.

Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm no, tsis muaj leej twg yuav muaj lus nug txog yuav ua li cas Moscow Art Theatre deciphered (nws txhais li cas).

Troup

Hnub no, ntau dua 60 tus neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. Ntawm no, 18 muaj lub npe ntawm "Honored Artist ntawm Russia" thiab 13 - lub npe ntawm "Cov Neeg Artist ntawm Russia".

Qhov no yog li cas Moscow Art Theatre tshwm sim niaj hnub no, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv luv uas zoo li "Moscow Art Academic Theatre".