Tus kws kos duab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral hauv St

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

St. Isaac's Cathedral yog ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv St. Ntau npaum li cas kev tshoov siab, kev txawj ntse thiab kev ua haujlwm tau nqis peev hauv nws qhov kev tsim! Nws architecture attracts lub qhov muag, kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog mesmerizing, lub golden spire yog pom los ntawm thoob plaws lub nroog, thiab lub colonnade muaj stunning views ntawm lub nroog. Ib qho kev tshoov siab masterpiece tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, qhov no yog qhov chaw nyiam rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog ntawm Neva. Thiab ntau tus neeg tuaj xyuas muaj lus nug: "Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tsim St. Isaac's Cathedral - nws yog leej twg?" Nrhiav cov lus teb hauv kab lus no.

Kev kawm thiab kev txawj

Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral tau yug los tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Paris. Nws cov tub ntxhais hluas coincided nrog Napoleonic tsov rog ntawm lig 18th thiab thaum ntxov 19th centuries. Tus tub hluas tau kawm ntawm Royal Academy ntawm Architecture hauv Paris (hauv xyoo ntawd nws hu ua Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Architecture). Ob zaug nws yuav tsum cuam tshuam kev qhia thiab mus rau tub rog, sib ntaus sib tua hauv Napoleon cov tub rog hauv Ltalis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tab sis, txawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem no, yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral tau kawm nws cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Fab Kis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tub rog, nws tau tswj kom pom ntau yam qauvclassical art, thiab tom qab Napoleon lub capitulation, kom tau txais thawj qhov kev paub hauv Paris, qhov chaw nws saib xyuas kev tsim kho.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshaj lij thiab lub siab xav tau nkag siab tias hauv Fab Kis, uas tau dhau los ntawm kev kub ntxhov tom qab tsov rog, nws yuav tsis muaj qhov twg los siv nws txoj kev paub. Yog li, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov chaw tsim nyog kom paub txog koj lub peev xwm. Thiab tom qab ntawd tus kws tsim vaj tsev yav tom ntej ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral hauv St. Petersburg txiav txim siab los sim siv nws lub peev xwm. Vim li cas thiaj muaj? Cov tub ntxhais hluas peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, tau nquag tsim thiab xav tau cov kws tshaj lij.

Rau Russia

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1816, tus txiv neej Fabkis tuaj txog hauv St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus kws sau ntawv hauv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tsev thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Hydraulic. Ua tsaug rau nws lub peev xwm, kev mob siab rau thiab kev ywj pheej, nws sai sai tau txais kev paub tshiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Nws lub tswv yim thiab kev muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau cov neeg muaj hwj chim pab nws txav mus rau nws lub hom phiaj.

Tam sim no, lub sijhawm zoo siab kuj tshwm sim: Lub taub hau ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau pom zoo ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm Fab Kis Fab Kis rau Emperor Alexander I uas yog tus kws tshaj lij muaj peev xwm rov tsim kho thawj zaug St. Isaac's Cathedral ua tsis tiav.

Tus kws kes duab vajtse, txawm tias tsis tau paub dav, yooj yim ua tau zoo tshaj lwm tus neeg sib tw. Nws tswj kom muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau tus huab tais, nthuav qhia nws nrog ib qho zoo nkauj tsim album nrog 24 daim duab me me, uas yog raws li qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Cov tuam tsev nyob sab Europe. Nws yog raws nraim li cas yuav harmoniously haum rau lub majestic tsos ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub Neva. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1817, ib xyoos thiab ib nrab tom qab nws tuaj txog, tus txiv neej uas muaj hnub nyoog peb caug xyoo los ua tus kws tsim tsev hais plaub. Yog li pib ua haujlwm loj heev nyob rau plaub xyoo caum - yog ntev npaum li cas lub tsev teev ntuj nto moo uas peb paub tam sim no tau tsim.

Master Style

Nws creativity tau ua ke ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: siab classicism (lwm yam hu ua Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws) thiab eclecticism - ib tug ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm ntau yam architectural tiam sis. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral yog tus tsim kho tshiab rau nws lub sijhawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nws siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm medieval Gothic, uas muab cov vaj tse tshwj xeeb originality.

Nyob rau xyoo 1840, tus kws kes duab vajtse tau mus rau tebchaws Askiv, Fabkis, Ltalis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees kom paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev. Cov kev paub dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm, uas tau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab Fab Kis.

Pib tsim lub tsev teev ntuj

Kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho tau pib xyoo 1818. Kev tsim kho tau rub rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab raug tshem tawm ntau zaus vim yog qhov yuam kev loj hauv cov duab kos. Tab sis ua tsaug rau cov kev paub dhau los ntawm ib pawg loj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij engineers, nws muaj peev xwm daws tau cov teeb meem.

Tus thawj tswj kev tsim kho tau nkag mus rau txhua qhov nthuav dav. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hnyav hnyav, ruaj ruaj steel khi rau cib thiab pob zeb -cov no thiab lwm yam kev txawj ntse thiab tsim kev daws teeb meem tau siv los ntawm tus kws kos duab hluas ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tom qab ntawd lub qub peev ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev txhim kho lub tsev no. Txawm li ntawd los nws yeej pom tseeb tias nws tau los ua ib daim npav tuaj xyuas hauv nroog.

Kev tsim kho tiav

Nyob rau xyoo 1840, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua tiav, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm los tuav lub tuam tsev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws stained-iav qhov rais nyob rau hauv Russia qhia txog Tswv Yexus tau nteg tawm sab hauv. Tus so ntawm tus tsim yog Ameslikas ua nrog roj pleev xim, tab sis nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg vim yog cov av noo siab hauv chav. Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev, lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 150 panels thiab paintings, nteg tawm hauv cov txheej txheem mosaic los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb - sm alt. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tau siv ntau dua 12,000 ntawm nws cov ntxoov ntxoo, ua cov duab tiag tiag.

Lub tswv yim tsim qauv yog tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral, tab sis ntau tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov duab, mosaics, stained-iav qhov rais thiab sculptures: K. Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt thiab ntau lwm tus. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub gilded domes, uas coj 100 kg ntawm kub.

Qhov kev twv ua ntej tsis txaus ntseeg tau txuas nrog kev tsim ntawm St. Petersburg masterpiece: thaum St. Isaac's Cathedral tiav lawm, tus kws tsim vaj tsev yuav tuag. Cov lus faj lem tau muaj tseeb tiag: Lub Tsib Hlis 30, 1858, lub tsev teev ntuj tau qhib thiab ua kev cai raus dej, thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, tus sau qhov project tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 72.

Tsis yog xwbSt. Isaac's Cathedral

Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau plaub caug ib xyoos, nyob hauv St. Petersburg, tau tswj hwm los tsim tsis yog nws cov khoom nto moo. Xyoo 1832, Alexander Kem, tsim raws li nws txoj haujlwm, tau tsim tsa ntawm Palace Square.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kos duab Fab Kis tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm ntiag tug. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, niaj hnub no lub palaces thiab tsev loj nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm St. Petersburg tau qhuas rau lawv cov architecture zoo nkauj, uas zoo sib haum xeeb rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub nroog.

Tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los sau npe tus neeg txawj ntse uas tsab xov xwm no tau mob siab rau. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral yog Auguste Montferrand. Ua tsaug rau nws, ntau lub tsev nto moo ntawm sab qaum teb lub peev tsuas muaj qhov pom tau yooj yim thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.