Alexandra Pakhmutova: biography. Composer Alexandra Pakhmutova

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Alexandra Pakhmutova yog tus kws sau nkauj nrov thiab nyiam. Nws tej hauj lwm tau ua ib lub cim ntawm lub Soviet era. Tam sim no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws yam tsis muaj cov nkauj "Vajtswv", "Tenderness", "Yuav ua li cas peb hluas" los yog "Old Maple". Cov no thiab ntau lwm yam zoo nkauj tau nyob, nyob thiab yuav nyob nrog peb. Alexandra Pakhmutova tau sau ntau yam suab paj nruag zoo heev. Biography ntawm tus poj niam zoo nkauj no yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.

Pakhmutova Alexandra Nikolaevna yug hauv 1929, Kaum Ib Hlis 9, hauv lub zos Beketovka, Lower Volga Territory. Nws txiv, Nikolai Andrianovich, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug sawmill thiab kawm suab paj nruag, thiab nws niam, Maria Ampleevna, txhawb nws tus txiv txoj kev mob siab rau txhua yam. Alexandra los ntawm thaum yau tau txawv los ntawm cov txuj ci txawv tshaj plaw. Nws thawj melodiestswj tau sau ntawv twb muaj peb xyoos. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau sau nws thawj daim rau piano - "Roosters hu nkauj". Thaum tus ntxhais muaj xya xyoo, xyoo 1936, nws nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Nyob ntawd nws kawm txog thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Los ntawm 1942 txog 1943, Alexandra Pakhmutova nyob hauv kev khiav tawm, hauv nroog Karaganda. Nyob ntawd nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, tus ntxhais tuaj txog hauv lub nroog. Nws nkag mus hauv Central Music School of Moscow. Ntawm no Alexandra tau mus kawm piano zaj lus qhia thiab lub voj voog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv raws li kev coj ntawm N. I. Peiko and V. Ya. Shebalin. Tus ntxhais lub peev xwm ua suab paj nruag tau pom tseeb rau txhua tus.

Study at the conservatory

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoos, Alexandra Pakhmutova, uas nws biography yog tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, nkag mus rau lub Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, lub composer department. Nws kawm nrog xibfwb Shebalin Vissarion Yakovlevich. Nyob rau hauv 1953, Pakhmutova kawm tiav los ntawm lub conservatory, thiab peb xyoos tom qab - postgraduate kev tshawb fawb. Nws tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm, cov ntsiab lus uas yog kev kawm ntawm qhov qhab nia ntawm Opera los ntawm M. I. Glinka "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila"

Ntau yam ntau yam

Txhua nws lub neej Pakhmutova Alexandra Nikolaevna ua haujlwm ntau yam. Nws tau sau cov suab paj nruag rau lub suab seev suab paj nruag (Overture "Cov Hluas", "Lavxias teb sab Suite", Ode ntawm teeb pom kev zoo); ua haujlwm ntawm hom cantata-oratorio ("Vasily Terkin", "Squad Songs", "Red Pathfinders"). Nyob ntawmNws cov suab paj nruag tau ua raws li kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam hauv Bolshoi Theatre hauv xyoo 1974.

Ntau ntau lwm yam haujlwm tau sau los ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova. Biography ntawm tus poj niam no yog txuam nrog tas li muaj tswv yim kev ua ub no. Nws tsim cov suab paj nruag rau ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab: "Apple of Discord", "Girls", "Ballad of Sports", "Closing of the Season", "Peb Poplars on Plyushchikha", "Lub Tsev Neeg Ulyanov", "Oh sport, koj yog. lub ntiaj teb!" thiab lwm yam.

nkauj ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova

zaj nkauj no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj. Nyob rau hauv nws cov nkauj, Alexandra Nikolaevna tsa humanistic ntsiab lus thiab embodies lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug lyrical txoj kev. Nws paub yuav ua li cas muab nws tej hauj lwm tshwj xeeb intonation uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg. Nws muaj ib tug melodic "zest" nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Nws, raws li Svetlanov Yevgeny (ib tug naas ej conductor thiab composer), " ntog rau lub plawv" thiab "tseem nyob rau hauv lub siab ntev." Tus kws sau nkauj Alexandra Pakhmutova tsim tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm nws tus kheej zaj nkauj. Nws ntseeg tias tsis muaj txuj ci melodic, tus kws sau nkauj tsis muaj dab tsi ua hauv zaj nkauj. Tus tsim yuav tsum yog lub luag haujlwm rau txoj hmoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm txij thaum pib mus txog thaum xaus: rau kev txhim kho ntawm nws "thematic grain", kev tsim cov qhab nia, cov ntaub ntawv kaw hauv lub studio.

Nkauj kho siab tshaj

Ntau tshaj plaub puas zaj nkauj tau sau los ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova. Biography ntawm tus poj niam no yog adorned nrog cov creation ntawm lub feem ntau kov thiabkev tshoov siab tej hauj lwm. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nyiam ntawm lawv: "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", "Cherry Orchard", "Heroes ntawm Kev Ua Si", "Tenderness", "Eagles Kawm Fly", "Kev Cia Siab", "Kuv Tus Phooj Ywg", "Peb Txoj hmoo", " Scarlet Sail", "Tos a minute", "Tempo", "Breads are sounding", "Old Maple", "Snow Maiden", "Mloog, niam tais", "Lavxias teb sab W altz", "Northern Song", "Cov Ntxhais Zoo", "Kuv pab tsis tau", "Smolensk Road", "Bird of Happiness", "Along the Angara", "Farewell, hlub", "Front Edge", "Kuv Hlub", "Nqa tawm!", "Xyoo dhau lawm", "Peb hluas npaum li cas" thiab ntau lwm tus. Cov nkauj ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova tau sau rau nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws: Mikhail Matusovsky, Lev Oshanin, Rimma Kazakova, Evgeny Dolmatovsky, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Alexei Lvov, Inna Goff, Sergei Grebennikov.

Song "Tenderness"

Ntawm no yog ib zaj nkauj hu tau kho siab thiab tu siab heev li os cov phooj ywg sawv daws. Thaum Alexandra Pakhmutova, ib tug kawm tiav tsis ntev los no ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tau muab rau compose suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis Peb Poplars ntawm Plyushchikha, nws reacted tsis kam. Cov zaj duab xis ntawm tus yeeb yam tsis txhawb nws kiag li. Cov duab ntawm Pakhmutova Alexandra qhia meej meej txog lub diminutiveness ntawm tus poj niam no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tsis yooj yim lub cev lies ib tug zoo kawg li cim. Tus kws sau ntawv hloov nws qhov kev xav tsuas yog tom qab saibmovie. Nws tsuas poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog kev ua si ntawm Tatyana Doronina thiab Oleg Efremov thiab hais tias nws yuav tsis muab cov yeeb yaj kiab no rau leej twg. Txaus siab rau qhov pom, zaj nkauj "Tenderness", uas tau los ua lub cim ntawm kev hlub tiag, tau yug los. Tom qab tso tawm daim duab hauv xyoo 1967, qhov kev sau ntawv no tau txais thawj qhov khoom plig ntawm International Youth Song Festival hauv Sochi. Nws yog thawj zaug ua los ntawm lub ci ntsa iab Maya Kristalinskaya.

Space ntsiab

Qhov kev kov yeej ntawm qhov chaw tau dhau los ua qhov siab tshaj plaws, uas tau coj los ntawm Soviet Union hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog. Zoo tshaj Alexandra Nikolaevna, tsis muaj leej twg ntes nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm lub teev ntawm no grandiose ua tau zoo. Txhua tus astronauts doted rau tus poj niam no. Lawv ntseeg hais tias me me Alexandra Pakhmutova, nws qhov siab tsuas yog 149 centimeters, muaj ib tug tiag tiag cosmic suab paj nruas txuj ci. Tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog Yuri Gagarin. Ib lub voj voog ntawm tsib zaj nkauj tau mob siab rau nws, suav nrog lub npe nrov "Koj paub tias nws yog tus txiv neej zoo li cas." "Starry Gull", "Peb yog Gagarin", "Milky Way", "Epitaph" - qhov no yog qhov deb ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nkauj sau los ntawm Pakhmutova hauv lub ntsiab lus chaw.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej tus txiv

Lub koom haum muaj tswv yim ntawm Alexandra Nikolaevna nrog Nikolai Dobronravov tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov. Cov neeg txawj ntse no kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej. Lawv tau ntsib xyoo 1956, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thiab tau sib yuav ob peb lub hlis tom qab. Cov txij nkawm yav tom ntej tau ntsib hauv xov tooj cua, nyob rau hauv lub cuaj tus me nyuam lub studio tshaj tawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Nikolai Nikolaevich ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow Youth Theatre thiabnyeem nws tus kheej cov paj huam nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam "Tshaj, mus rau qhov pib!" thiab Pioneer Dawn. Nyob ntawd nws thawj zaug pom ib tug me me - tus kws sau nkauj uas sau nkauj rau menyuam yaus hauv xov tooj cua tshaj tawm. Nws yog Alexandra Pakhmutova. Tus ntxhais yog me me nyob rau hauv stature, tab sis nws tam sim ntawd ntaus tus kws sau paj lug nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm tsis yooj yim tsos thiab muaj zog cwj pwm. Lawv qhov kev sib koom ua ke muaj tswv yim pib nrog cov menyuam yaus zaj nkauj "Tsov Nkoj".

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Kev tshoob ntawm Pakhmutova thiab Dobronravov tau tshwm sim rau lub Yim Hli 6th. Alexandra Nikolaevna tsis hnav tiab dawb. Niam thiab tus muam ua rau nws lub tsho liab zoo nkauj, uas nws tuaj ua tshoob. Cov khub niam txiv nco qab tias hnub ntawd kub heev, tab sis thaum lawv tuaj txog ntawm lub tsev teev npe, nws pib los nag. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho kev zoo siab. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias tus kws sau ntawv Alexandra Pakhmutova thiab kws sau paj huam Nikolai Dobronravov twb nyob ua ke rau 58 xyoo! Lawv ob lub qhov muag tseem ci ntsa iab nrog kev hlub thiab kev zoo siab.

Lub neej ua ke

Tam sim tom qab tshoob, nkawm niam txiv tau tawm mus rau Abkhazia. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, lawv tseem tsis tau nyob qhov twg, yog li ntawd lawv siv lawv cov honeymoon nyob rau hauv lub Armenian Gorge, nrog cov txheeb ze. Lawv nco txog lub sijhawm no zoo siab tshaj plaws hauv lawv lub neej. Cov khub niam txiv tau siv thawj hmo los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, taug kev raws txoj kev "lunar" ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv hauv zos. Txij thaum ntawd los, lawv tsis tau sib cais. Jokingly lawv hais tias lawv dag rau ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog hauv cov lus muaj tswv yim. Pakhmutova thiab Dobronravov tsis muaj qhov zais cia ntawm tsev neeg kev zoo siab thiab kev ua neej ntev. Lawv hais tias lawv tsuas yog tsis pom kev txhaum nrog ib leeg dhau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ua keua qhov lawv nyiam. Ntau tus xav paub txog dab tsi cov me nyuam ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova ua. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau tswj hwm kom muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm niam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau tus kws sau ntawv tsev neeg txoj kev zoo siab.

Zoo kawg

Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2014 cov duab ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm txhua cov ntawv luam tawm. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hnub no nws muaj yim caum-tsib xyoo! Saib ntawm tus poj niam uas tsis muaj zog, muaj zog thiab siab zoo, nws nyuaj rau ntseeg nws. Xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws lub peev xwm, ib tug los txog rau qhov xaus hais tias lub tswv yim biography ntawm no composer harmonious merged nrog rau keeb kwm txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws dhau qhov kev xeem rau kev muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov tseeb, kev thov. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, cov me nyuam ntawm Alexandra Pakhmutova yog nws zaj nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws tau tswj kom muaj lub ci ntsa iab, kev tshoov siab pib, muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm kev ua tiav zoo thiab kev yeej loj heev.