2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tseem hu ua Silver Age, yog lub hnub qub ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Cov lus qhia tshiab thiab cov qauv tshwm sim, cov kws sau ntawv tsis ntshai sim thiab nrhiav pom cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus. Ib tug ntawm cov kws sau paj lug yog Klyuev Nikolai Alekseevich. Nws koom nrog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tshiab poetic trend.
Biography
Yug Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1884 hauv lub zos Koshtugi, Vytegorsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (cheeb tsam Vologda) Nikolai Klyuev. Biography ntawm tus kws sau ntawv pib nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug yooj yim constable Alexei Timofeevich. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, Klyuev hlub nws niam, Praskovya Feodorovna, uas yog ib tug zoo heev zaj dab neeg. Nws kuj tau qhia nws tus tub, ua tsaug rau nws Nikolai nyeem tau, sau thiab kawm txog cov qauv ntawm pej xeem cov qauv.
Xyoo 1895 nws kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv parochial hauv Vytegra. Tom qab ntawd nws mus rau Petrozavodsk, qhov chaw nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv pab kho mob. Tom qab kawm tiav, Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich, ua ke nrog cov phooj ywg hauv lub tebchaws uas koom nrog kev muag pluab thiab ntses rau lub peev, tawm mus rau St. Petersburg mus ua haujlwm.
Nws nyob hauv lub peevpib sau paj huam nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov neeg pluag paj huam tshiab. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, poetic muse yws txog kev tsim txom thiab kev txom nyem ntawm tillers thiab foom tsis zoo rau lawv enslavers. Klyuev thawj cov paj huam tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1904 sau New Poets. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev Klyuev rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws me me.
Txaus siab rau thaum pib ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim, tus kws sau paj huam suav nrog xyoo 1905 hauv kev ua nom ua tswv. Pib faib cov lus tshaj tawm. Rau qhov no, Klyuev raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1906.
Klyuev and Blok
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau tus kws sau paj huam yog nws paub nrog Alexander Blok. Kev sau ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tau pib xyoo 1907. Thaum xub thawj, Nikolai Klyuev yog ib tug ntshai heev nyob rau hauv nws cov lus rau tus kws sau paj lug paub, tab sis maj mam nws los ua convinced tias Blok nws tus kheej txaus siab rau lawv cov kev sib tham. Maj mam, Klyuev pib tham txog tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tawm tsam uas yog brewing ntawm cov neeg, txog kev tsis ncaj ncees. Tab sis cov kws sau ntawv tsis yog hais txog kev nom kev tswv xwb. Nikolai Alekseevich sau tseg lub hwj chim ntawm poetic ntsuj plig, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg, tab sis vim yog vim li cas hauv tsev, nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia tag nrho.
Blok tau qhuas Klyuev cov ntawv. Nws rov hais dua lawv hauv cov ntawv rau cov phooj ywg thiab hauv nws cov ntawv. Ua tsaug rau Blok txoj kev pab, Beak cov paj huam tau luam tawm hauv Novaya Zemlya, Golden Fleece, thiab ntau lwm cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov neeg sau ntawv hauv nroog tau mloog zoo rau cov kws sau paj huam los ntawm hinterland. Klyuev tswj kom paub ntau yam ntawm lawv. Ntawm lawv yog Valery Bryusov.
Creative success
In 1911 NikolayKlyuev luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv "Pine Chime". Lub preface rau kev tshaj tawm yog sau los ntawm Bryusov. Phau ntawv tau txais kev pom zoo thiab txaus siab rau cov paj huam thiab kev sau ntawv. Cov kws sau paj huam xws li Nikolai Gumilyov, Sergey Gorodetsky thiab lwm tus tau hais lus zoo txog nws.
Klyuev hu nkauj ntawm xwm, kev ua neej nyob deb nroog, neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ntseeg tias kev coj noj coj ua uas tsis muaj Vajtswv uas kav lub xyoo pua 19th tuag, thiab nws raug hloov los ntawm ib yam tshiab, ciaj sia thiab nrov.
Gumilyov hauv nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev sau kwv yees yav tom ntej ntawm Klyuev cov paj huam - nws hais tias qhov no tsuas yog qhov pib ntawm kev txav tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nws hloov tawm kom yog. Klyuev dhau los ua ib qho ntawm thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov paj huam tshiab.
Klyuev and Yesenin
Nikolai Klyuev ntev ib leeg tiv thaiv txoj cai ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb paj huam rau lub neej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1915 nws tau txais ib tsab ntawv los ntawm ib tug hluas kws sau paj lug los ntawm lub xeev Ryazan. Yesenin tsab ntawv txhawb siab rau Klyuev. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv paub nyob rau hauv absentia, lwm cov kws sau ntawv uas sau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb koom ib ncig ntawm ob tug kws sau paj lug.
Nyob rau hauv paj huam Klyuev thiab Yesenin yeej muaj ntau qhov zoo sib xws, uas yog vim li cas lawv sai sai nrhiav tau ib hom lus thiab koom siab. Xyoo 1915 yog lub ncov ntawm lawv lub siab xav ua tau zoo. Lawv mus kawm ntawv yav tsaus ntuj ua ke, nyeem lawv cov paj huam.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub koomhaum tsis tau nyob ntev. Yesenin lub txiaj ntsim tau dav dua li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tshiabpaj huam, thiab xyoo 1917 kev phooj ywg ntawm ob tug kws sau paj lug tau xaus.
Tus cwj pwm rau cov paj huam proletarian
Nikolai Klyuev, uas nws cov paj huam tau hu los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, txawm li cas los xij, tsis xav tias nws tus kheej yog tus kws sau paj huam. Lub kiv puag ncig pom tus kws sau ntawv hauv nws qhov chaw nyob. Klyuev tau txais nws tuaj txog nrog kev txaus siab tsis tau pom dua. Tab sis nws xav tias nws yog qhov pib ntawm "lub ntuj ceeb tsheej rau ib tug txiv neej."
Xyoo 1918, Nikolai Klyuev koom nrog Bolshevik Party. Koom nrog kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm, nyeem paj huam txog kev hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yog ib tus neeg ntseeg, uas yog qhov tsis sib xws rau qhov kev txiav txim tshiab. Nws paub meej tias nws tab tom txhawb kev hloov pauv txawv kiag li. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1920 Klyuev raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tog. Txhob muab nws tej paj huam. Nws pib npau taws rau tsoomfwv tshiab nrog nws txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev tsis pom zoo nrog cov kws sau paj huam, hu lawv cov haujlwm tshaj tawm cuav.
Lub sijhawm nyuaj rau tus kws sau paj huam pib. Nws nyob hauv kev txom nyem, raug tsim txom, nrhiav tsis tau hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem qhib siab tawm tsam tsoomfwv Soviet.
Tus kws sau paj huam txoj kev tawm tsam tau xaus rau Lub Ob Hlis 2, 1934, thaum nws raug ntes rau "sau thiab faib tawm cov haujlwm tawm tsam." Nws raug txim kom khiav tawm hauv Narym Territory. Thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1937, Klyuev raug tua ntawm ib rooj plaub.
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