Rakhmaninov's works: list. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm Rachmaninoff

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo, pianist thiab tus neeg saib xyuas Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov yog tus sau ntau ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm ntau hom - los ntawm etudes mus rau operas. Nws cov suab paj nruag ci ntsa iab tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninov tseem hnov nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no. Tus kws sau nkauj tau pib kawm suab paj nruag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos, thiab thaum nws muaj 13 xyoos, nws tau qhia rau P. I. Tchaikovsky, uas txaus siab rau nws cov txuj ci.

Rakhmaninov cov haujlwm yog imbued nrog romance thiab lyrics, lub zog thiab kev ywj pheej. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Niam Txiv pom qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws lub suab paj nruag.

Rachmaninov cov haujlwm - npe

Cia peb sau cov haujlwm uas tus kws sau nkauj tau muab rau lub ntiaj teb:

• plaub concertos rau piano thiab orchestra;
• peb symphonies;
• peb operas;
• suite "Symphonic dances";
• vocalise rau lub suab nrog piano accompaniment, mob siab rau opera singer Antonina Nezhdanova;
• 3 paj huam ("Prince Rostislav", "Lub Tswb" thiab "Isle of the Dead");
• 2 symphonies
• tsib fantasy pieces rau piano;
• 2 piano sonatas;
• sonata thiab ob daim raucello nrog piano;
• capriccio ntawm gypsy cov ntsiab lus;
• ob daim rau cello thiab piano;
• cantata "Spring";
• rau daim rau piano plaub txhais tes
• 2 daim rau chorus acapella;
• vantasia "Cliff".

Thiab tseem ua ntej, etudes, romances, Lavxias teb sab nkauj thiab lwm yam.

Tus kws sau ntawv xyoo

Xyoo 1882, Sergei Vasilyevich nkag mus rau St. Petersburg Conservatory, thiab los ntawm 1885 nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntxiv ntawm Moscow Conservatory hauv ob chav haujlwm ib zaug - piano thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv 1981, Rachmaninoff kawm tiav los ntawm lub piano department nrog ib tug kub puav pheej, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws kawm tiav nws cov kev kawm raws li ib tug composer.

Rachmaninov cov haujlwm (cov npe) uas nws tau sau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo:

• piano concerto 1;
• Youth Symphony;
• symphonic paj huam "Prince Rostislav", raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Tolstoy, uas yog thawj zaug ua rau pej xeem tom qab tus sau tuag;
• opera "Aleko", zaj dab neeg uas yog paj huam los ntawm A. S. Pushkin, dhau los ua Rachmaninoff's diploma ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum ua haujlwm.

Ua haujlwm sau xyoo 1893-1899

Nyob rau xyoo 1893, Rachmaninoff tau sau ib qho Elegiac Trio hu ua "Nyob rau hauv Nco Txog Tus Kws Ua Yeeb Yam Zoo", uas tau mob siab rau Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky thiab tsim rau lub sijhawm nws tuag. Hauv kev ua haujlwm no ib tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev tu siab ntawm kev poob thiab tib lub sijhawm ci ntsa iabnco txog ib tug txiv neej zoo, nrog rau kev xav txog kev xav ntawm lub neej sai npaum li cas. Lwm cov hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninoff, uas nws tau sau ntawm 1893 thiab 1899: symphonic fantasy "Lub Cliff", Suab paj nruag Moments rau Piano, Prelude rau Piano hauv C-sharp me. Lub xyoo 1895 tau cim los ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Symphony No. 1, lub premiere ntawm uas tau tshwm sim tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab nws tsim. Lub symphony ua tsis tau tejyam, tus composer perceived nws tus kheej li creativity untenable thiab tau ntau xyoo ua tshwj xeeb yog ib tug pianist thiab tus neeg xyuas pib, tsis tau sau suab paj nruag.

1900s hauv lub neej muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

Lub sijhawm no, tus kws sau nkauj tau kov yeej qhov teebmeem muaj tswv yim thiab pib sau dua. Txij thaum ntawd los pib lub sij hawm fruitful tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm. Suab paj nruag ua hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninoff tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no:

• thib ob concerto rau piano thiab orchestra;
• sonata rau cello thiab piano;
• cantata "Lub Caij Nplooj Hlav", uas tau tsim los ntawm nqe lus ntawm N. A. Nekrasov;
• symphony 2;
• concert No.3 for piano and orchestra;
• zaj paj huam symphonic symphonic "Isle of the Dead" tshwm sim los ntawm daim ntawv dub thiab dawb ntawm Arnold Böcklin's mystical painting.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1904 txog 1906, Sergei Vasilievich tau sau ob txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam: "Francesca da Rimini" los ntawm Dante thiab "Tus Miserly Knight" los ntawm Alexander Pushkin. Xyoo 1906, ob qho tib si ua yeeb yam tau ua hauv Bolshoi Theatre, tab sis lawv tsis tau txais qhov nrov nrov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Rachmaninov tau ua haujlwmopera "Monna Vanna" (raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua si los ntawm M. Maeterlinck), tab sis nws tseem ua tsis tiav.

Nyob rau xyoo 1910, tus kws sau nkauj tau tig mus rau suab paj nruag thiab sau Liturgy ntawm St. John Chrysostom, hauv xyoo 1913 - paj huam "Lub Tswb", thiab xyoo 1915 - cov paj huam "Txhua Hmo Ntuj Vigil". Ob phau ntawv ntawm Preludes rau Piano thiab tib cov phau ntawv ntawm Etudes-Paintings tau tsim.

Xyoo 1917, tus kws sau nkauj tau mus ncig thiab tsis rov qab los rau Russia. Txog thaum nws tuag, nws nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyob rau hauv thawj cuaj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv exile, Sergei Vasilyevich tsis sau suab paj nruag. Tom qab cuaj xyoo no, nws tau sau Concerto No. 4 rau piano thiab orchestra (tsis yog ib qho kev paub zoo heev, uas thaum lub sij hawm tus sau lub neej tsis ua tiav thiab tau rov npaj ob peb zaug los ntawm nws tus kheej), "Peb Cov Nkauj Lavxias" (a Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj siab uas xav tau rau Russia yog kos), Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Corelli (uas muaj ib qho txawv txav rau cov nkauj no), lub npe nrov Rhapsody ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm Paganini, Symphony No. 3, "Symphonic Dances" rau orchestra. Qhov kawg tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninoff yog permeated nrog homesickness.

Romance

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical romance ntawm lub pre-revolutionary era yog tiav los ntawm Rachmaninov lub suab tej hauj lwm. Cov npe ntawm kev sib hlub sau los ntawm Sergei Vasilievich hauv ntau xyoo:

• "Ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj" lyrics los ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov;
• "Nyob ntsiag to hmo ntuj" rau cov lus ntawm A. Fet;
• "Koj puas nco hmo" lyrics by A. K. Tolstoy;
• "Lub Plaub Hlis" txhais los ntawm Fab Kis los ntawm V. Tushnova;
• "Tsis txhob hu nkauj, kev zoo nkauj" ntawm nqe lus ntawm A. S. Pushkin;
• "River Lily" rau cov lus ntawm A. Pleshnev los ntawm G. Heine;
• "Spring Waters" lyrics by F. Tyutchev;
• "Au, tsis txhob tu siab" rau cov lus ntawm A. Apukhtin;
• "Lawv teb" rau kev txhais lus ntawm Victor Hugo cov paj huam;
• "Hmo ntuj hauv vaj" lyrics by Alexander Blok;
• "Ay" rau cov lus ntawm Balmont.

Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm S. Rachmaninoff

Ib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws, Rachmaninoff, tau tso ib qho qub txeeg qub teg rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Sergei Vasilyevich: cov no yog nws peb operas, piano concertos, rhapsody ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Paganini, suite "Symphonic seev cev", lub suab rau lub suab nrog piano, paj huam "Lub Tswb", romances.

Lub npe nrov "Vocalise" tau sau rau tenor lossis soprano, tab sis tseem ntau zaus nws tau ua los ntawm cov tswv soprano. Lub suab hu nkauj tsis muaj lus, ntawm ib (ib yam) suab suab. Txoj hauj lwm kuj tau teem caij ua yeeb yam nrog lub suab paj nruag, rau kev hu nkauj nrog lub suab paj nruag, rau lub suab paj nruag tsis muaj suab paj nruag, rau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, muaj ntau qhov kev txhais cov hauj lwm no.

Cov suite "Symphonic Dances" tau sau nyob rau hauv exile xyoo 1940 thiab tau los ua haujlwm kawg ntawm Sergei Vasilyevich, nws tsim nws peb xyoos ua ntej nws tuag. Zaj nkauj no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg uas poob rau lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob.

Opera "Francesca da Rimini" - nws zaj dab neeg yog coj los ntawm Dante's Divine Comedy. Tus sau libretto rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam no yog M. I. Tchaikovsky.

paj huam "Tswb"

Tej zaum txoj haujlwm nto moo tshaj plawsRachmaninoff yog ib zaj paj huam symphonic "Lub Tswb". Nws tau sau rau peb tus soloists (baritone, tenor, soprano), hu nkauj thiab symphony orchestra. Cov paj huam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Edgar Allan Poe tau ua lub hauv paus rau txoj haujlwm no. Cov paj huam muaj plaub ntu, sib txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm, uas qhia txog ntau theem ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Part 1 thiab 2 (kab tshoob thiab tswb) qhia txog kev zoo siab, ntu 3 thiab 4 twb yog tus tocsin, kev tuag knell, uas suab tragic. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub zog ntawm Allegro, tenor yog tus soloist; nyob rau hauv thib ob ib feem Lento yog tus soloist ntawm lub soprano - lub tshoob ringing suab, thiab cov suab paj nruag qhia txog kev hlub; qhov thib peb ntawm Presto yog ua los ntawm pawg hu nkauj thiab orchestra - lub tswb nrov, suab paj nruag qhia kev ntshai; nyob rau hauv thib plaub, lub baritone yog tus soloist - ntawm no tus tuag knell suab thiab suab paj nruag - muaj ib tug qhia txog kev tuag. Raws li Rachmaninov nws tus kheej, nws yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas nws hlub ntau dua li lwm tus, thiab nws yog tus tsim nws nrog kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb.

Opera "Aleko"

Rachmaninoff cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis muaj ntau. Nws thawj thawj opera, uas nws sau raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub conservatory, yog "Aleko" raws li A. Pushkin paj huam "Gypsies". Nws yog tus kws sau ntawv kawm tiav. Libretto los ntawm V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Lub premiere ntawm lub opera tau tshwm sim ib xyoos tom qab ntawm Bolshoi Theatre thiab ua tau zoo heev. Tus poj Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky tau zoo siab heev txog kev ua yeeb yam. Raws li cov zajlus, tus zoo nkauj gypsy Zemfira dag rau nws tus txiv Aleko nrog ib tug hluas gypsy uas nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog. Aleko npau taws tua Zemfira tus hlub thiab nws tus kheej. Cov gypsies tsis lees txais kev ua phem ntawm Aleko thiab tawm mus,cia nws nyob ib leeg nrog nws txoj kev ntshaw.

Rhapsody ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm Paganini

Sergey Rachmaninov cov haujlwm rau piano thiab orchestra kuj yog nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws. Rhapsody ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Paganini yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Cov hauj lwm twb sau nyob rau hauv exile. Nws suav nrog 24 qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho ntawm Caprices nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Nicolo Paganini - Caprice No. 24. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Rachmaninoff rau niaj hnub no, nws tuaj yeem hnov ua suab nrov rau ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab txawv teb chaws.