Fabkis Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Chess: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas luv luv ntawm Kev teeb tsa

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Fab Kis Tiv Thaiv yog hu ua ib nrab qhib, txij li qhov qhib pib nrog txav e4 - e6, qhov twg Dub tsis maj nrawm qhib nws cov tub rog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv yog npaj cov d5 counterattack ntawm qhov thib ob txav. Qhov qhib tau dubbed yog li tom qab pab neeg ntawm Fabkis chess players yeej lawv cov neeg sib tw los ntawm Askiv hauv kev sib tw ua si los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Txog niaj hnub no, Fab Kis Tiv Thaiv tau ua tib zoo kawm thiab siv hauv kev sib tw ntawm qhov kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws.

Qhov phom sij tseem ceeb rau Dub yuav yog txoj haujlwm cais ntawm tus npisov c8. Los ntawm no, cov haujlwm sib raug zoo tshwm sim rau cov neeg tawm tsam: Dawb yuav tsum txhim kho nws txoj kev pib, thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv yuav tsum sim kom lawv qhov tsis muaj zog txuas tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Fabkis tiv thaiv. Options

Muaj ntau qhov pib zoo li no qhib, nrog rau lawv cov ceg ntoo, uas tau ua tib zoo kawm thiab tsim los ntawm tag nrho pawg ntawm cov thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws thiab chess theorists. Dub thawj qhov kev tawm mus ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tsis muaj zog f7-square, tab sis ib ntus poob nws qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab. Dub lub tswv yim kev taw qhia yog raws li cardinal pawn nres c5- f6 tom qab Dawb tau tsim muaj zog pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub puas tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lawv kom tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hauv thawj 20 qhov kev sib tw.

pauv hloov pauv

White qee zaum xav ua kom yooj yim rau txoj haujlwm lossis kos, yog li lawv ua si zoo li no, txawm tias thawj qhov kev txav mus los muab lawv qhov pib me me. Txoj kab no yog qhov zoo rau Dub, txij li nws tus npis sov c8 qhib txoj kev dav. Nws yuav nyuaj heev rau lawv kom yeej qhov kev ua si. Muaj ob qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov qhib qhov twg Dawb tuaj yeem tau txais kev pib ntxiv yog tias Dub tsis ua raws sijhawm thiab raug teb rau tus npis sov qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm g6.

Nimzowitsch system

Raws li qee qhov chaw, qhov kev qhib no tau ua si hauv 1620 los ntawm Italian chess player Gioachino Greco ua ntej qhib tau txais nws lub npe tiag. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Louis Paulsen pib xyaum nws, tab sis Aron Nimzowitsch tau ua tiav kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Tus thawj coj tau sau tseg tias qhov kev txav mus los e5 cuam tshuam qhov kev tsim kho ntawm tus tub rog ntawm tus huab tais sab thiab ib nrab ncua kev tsim ntawm tag nrho cov flank. Nimzowitsch ntxiv ntawm no tias kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tawm tsam los ntawm d5 mus rau e6 ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Black's tiv thaiv hauv nruab nrab.

Txawm li cas los xij, Dawb qhov kawg txav pib poob qis. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg tawm tsam los txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los muab qhov zoo ntawm txoj hauj lwm no rau ib qho ntawm ob tog. Muaj ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov qhib no, tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij chess:

• kaw txuas ntxiv ntawm Nimzowitsch,
• variant by V. Steinitz,
• Paulsen nres,
• txoj haujlwm ntawm Euwe thiab lwm tus

Tarrasch system

Dawb yeej tsis kam tawm tsam qhov chaw, txav tus tub rog mus rau K d2, thiab tawm ntawm d4-pawn tsis saib xyuas. Qhov kev tawm tsam no ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev txhim kho, txij li Dawb tus npis sov tsaus nti tau kaw rau hauv nws lub nraub qaum. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsim tau lav kev ntseeg siab hauv ntu nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw.

Tus kws tshaj lij German chess theorist Siegbert Tarrasch tau rov ua dua thiab ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv no ntawm Fab Kis Tiv Thaiv Dawb, uas yog vim li cas nws tau hais los ntawm lub npe ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv. Kev xyaum ntawm cov xyoo tom ntej, nrog rau kev sib tw ntawm A. Karpov thiab V. Korchnoi, qhov twg yav tas los tsis yeej ntau tshaj ib qho kev ua si, qhia tias Dub tuaj yeem sib npaug qhov xwm txheej los ntawm kev txav 3… c5! Tom qab ntawd, Karpov ua si nrog cov tub rog tsis nyob ntawm d2, tab sis ntawm c3. Txoj hauj lwm no kuj muaj ntau yam ramifications.

L. Paulsen system

Txoj kev loj hlob no tsis kaw c1-npis sov, tus poj huab tais knight tau nquag txhim kho, tsim kom muaj kev nruj txaus nyob hauv nruab nrab rau Dub. Robert Fischer, Alexander Alekhine thiab Vasily Smyslov feem ntau tau mus rau txoj haujlwm no thiab tsim lawv cov khoom zoo heev. Dub muaj ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - Npis Sov ntawm b4 lossis Knight ntawm f6. Tsawg tsawg zaus, tawm tsam Dawb txoj kev txhim kho, kev tiv thaiv chaw mus rau kev txav nrog pawn c5.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm Paulsen system, uas yog hu ua "Winover Variation" (1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. N c3 B b4). Nws suav hais tias yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws tau txais txiaj ntsig zooNyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm no qhib rau M. Botvinnik thiab A. Nimtsovich - cov neeg uas siv zog heev rau kev txhim kho cov kev taw qhia no.

Dub nquag npaj siab ua ntej nws cov pawns ntawm huab tais tom qab ua tiav pinning tus neeg dawb huv ntawm c3. Tiv thaiv sab tsis muaj zog thiab tawm tsam ntawm huab tais yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau Dawb. M. Botvinnik ntseeg tias Fabkis tiv thaiv dub hauv qhov kev npaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Raws li nws hais, kev tiv thaiv ntawm no yog qhov ntse heev, nws muaj kev tawm tsam uas cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm White thawj qhov kev txav mus los, txawm tias nws muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua thiab ob tus npis sov nquag. Qhov tsis zoo rau kev tawm tsam yog ob npaug ntawm pawns ntawm c-file. Dub, paub qhov no, yooj yim rhuav tshem qhov zoo dua nrog c5-c4.

Fab Kis Kev Tiv Thaiv yog qhov qhib ib nrab qhib thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm cov neeg mob uas tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm tus neeg sib tw txoj haujlwm thiab kev tawm tsam hauv lub sijhawm.