Artist Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws, feem ntau thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich tau nyob hauv lub neej nthuav dav. Nws tau dhau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam, kev tshawb nrhiav kev hloov pauv thiab nrhiav nws qhov chaw hauv kev kos duab. Nws cov keeb kwm niaj hnub no yog ob peb puas tej hauj lwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub collections thoob ntiaj teb.

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich yug hauv lub zos Mikhailovskoye cheeb tsam ntawm Don Cossacks (hnub no lub cheeb tsam Volgograd) hauv tsev neeg txom nyem. Ilya yog tus hlob ntawm cuaj tus menyuam, thiab nws niam nws txiv, uas koom nrog kev lag luam me me, tsis muaj nyiaj rau lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tus me nyuam tub, uas thaum yau tau pom kev zoo siab thiab muaj peev xwm kos duab, raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv parochial, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos nws raug coj mus deb ntawm qhov ntawd thiab raug xa mus ua haujlwm kom nws pab tsev neeg. Nws yuav tsum tau sawv ntawm nws ko taw rau 14 teev hauv lub khw muag txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua haujlwm rau cov neeg siv khoom, nws ntxub txoj haujlwm no, tab sis tsis muaj kev xaiv.

Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Kawm

Tom qab Ilya Mashkov tau mus ua haujlwm hauv lub khw muag khoom, kev ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim dua, tab sis ntawm no qee zaum nws raug xaiv los kos cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov paib. Txoj hauj lwm no ua rau nws zoo siab heev. Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm dawb, nws redrawed duab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, ua sketches ntawm ib puag ncig cov khoom, noog. Tus tub nyiam kos duab. Txawm hais tias nws qhov teeb meem nyiaj txiag nruj heev, nws tau xaj ib lub thawv xim los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Thaum ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm Borisoglebsk gymnasium pom ib tug me nyuam tub kos duab thiab nug nws seb nws puas xav kawm. Ilya xav tsis thoob, vim nws tsis txawm xav tias kev kos duab tuaj yeem kawm tau. Yog li ntawd nws thiaj pib tau txais thawj qhov kev txawj ntse thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv los ntawm gymnasium. Qhov no ua rau nws nkag siab txog nws txoj kev hu thiab teem lub hom phiaj - los ua tus kws kos duab.

Nyob rau hauv 1900 nws nkag mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture. Ntawm no nws kawm nrog cov xibfwb zoo: K. Korovin, L. Pasternak, V. Serov, A. Vasnetsov. Los ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb, Mashkov pom ib tug txawv txawv txuj ci thiab eccentric cwj pwm. Nws nyiam heev ntawm hyperbole, ntau dhau ntawm cov xim, thaum nws mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau kev paub txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab, nws ua tau zoo heev. Raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv pluag nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau txais ib tug ua hauj lwm ib nrab sij hawm, thiab txij li thaum 1904 Mashkov pib muab kev kawm, khwv tau nws nyob.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

nrawm nrawm Ilya Mashkov tau mus rau nws ko taw. Nyob rau hauv 1906, nws tau tsim ib lub rooj cob qhia rau nws tus kheej hauv lub tsev ntawm Polytechnic Society. Nws yuav dhau los ua nws lub tsev muaj tswv yim rau nws cov hnub so. Xyoo 1907 nws tau ntsib Pyotr Konchalovsky, lub rooj sib tham no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau tus kws kos duab. Xyoo 1908, tus kws kos duab mus rau Tebchaws Europe, mus ntsib Fabkis, Askiv, Austria, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis,Spain, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nrog cov qauv tshiab hauv kev pleev xim.

Xyoo 1910, Mashkov raug ntiab tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis thaum ntawd nws twb nrhiav tau nws txoj kev lawm. Tus kws kos duab tseem ua haujlwm hnyav, siv cov lus qhia hauv lub studio ntawm K. Korovin, pleev xim portraits thiab tseem muaj sia nyob kom txiav txim. Nws tau nthuav tawm, suav nrog ntawm Salon hauv Paris, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm tau yuav los ntawm Lavxias tus neeg pab nyiaj txiag S. Morozov. Txawm li ntawd los, Mashkov paintings yog txawv los ntawm ib tug txawv txawv saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab ib puag ncig cov khoom. Nws yog imbued nrog revolutionary tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab longs los hloov Lavxias teb sab art.

Jack of Diamonds

Nyob rau xyoo 1911, Ilya Mashkov, ua ke nrog Pyotr Konchalovsky, nrhiav tau Jack of Diamonds art zej zog. Ua ntej, xyoo 1910, muaj kev nthuav qhia nrog lub npe ntawd, tom qab ntawd cov neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam tsim lub zej zog ntawm tib lub npe. Lub npe nws tus kheej xav tsis thoob rau pej xeem, hinting ntawm cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv. Cov neeg pleev kob Moscow tau teeb tsa lawv lub hom phiaj los ua kev hloov pauv hauv kev kos duab, thiab lawv tau ua tiav hauv qhov no. Lawv tawm tsam cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev kawm thiab kev muaj tiag, tshaj tawm txog kev tswj hwm ntawm kev xav, fauvist thiab cubist tswv yim.

Mashkov tau los ua ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv zej zog. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws tias "jacks" feem ntau pleev xim rau lub neej tseem nco txog lub khw muag khoom noj. Cov kws kos duab tau sim nrog daim ntawv thiab xim. Tsis zoo li ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde, Mashkov thiab cov phooj ywg tau lees paub qhov tseeb hauv kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1911-14, tus artist yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zej zog, koom nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov exhibitions. Xyoo 1914, nws tawm hauv "Jack of Diamonds" thiab mus rauciam teb.

Mashkov thiab "World of Art"

Ntawm nws rov qab los, Mashkov koom nrog "World of Art" - lub koom haum uas muaj txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab koom ua ke cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias teb sab tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no, pab pawg tshaj tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim cov classic tshiab, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog "New Academy" los ntawm A. Benois. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm 10s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog qhov nyuaj rau cov kws ua yeeb yam suav nrog hauv zej zog no. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias "Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Art" yog ib lub koom haum uas tau ua ib tug colossal pab rau Lavxias teb sab painting, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Mashkov nws twb yog ib tug formal kev sib sau. Tab sis tus kws kos duab koom nrog kev nthuav qhia thiab txhawb nqa nws cov phooj ywg. Lub sijhawm no, Mashkov tseem ua haujlwm nyuaj, tab sis maj mam los rau qhov tseeb tshiab.

Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia

Hauv xyoo 1925, Ilya Mashkov koom nrog AHRR lub neej tshiab, uas tshaj tawm cov tswv yim tshiab, hloov pauv. Qhov tseeb, nws dhau los ua ib tus thawj coj ideologists ntawm socialist realism. Tus kws kos duab yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Koom Haum kom txog thaum nws tawg xyoo 1929. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws pleev xim rau cov duab ntawm lub neej tshiab zoo siab, portraits ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm ntau lawm, tseem muaj sia nyob nrog ntau yam khoom. Moscow cov neeg pleev kob, yav dhau los cov koom tes ntawm Mashkov, tsis nkag siab nws cov tswv yim tshiab, ntau tus nyob hauv kev raug tshem tawm. Ilya Ivanovich tseem nyob hauv USSR thiab txhawb nqa cov tswv yim tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lub 1930s, Mashkov pleev xim rau ideologically raug paintings: "Nyob zoo rau lub 17th Congress ntawm lub CPSU (b), "Soviet Bread".

Thaum tsov rog Mashkovnyob hauv Abramtsevo, pleev xim rau cov tub rog thiab cov neeg raug mob, cov neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej. Lig Mashkov nthuav tawm nws tus cwj pwm zoo rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Tus kws tshaj lij kos duab uas paub zoo Yakov Tugendhold tau hais tias hauv nws cov haujlwm "kev hlub zoo rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab ntshav" pom. Nws tuav rawv nws lub qhov ncauj rau qhov uas nws hais ntau dhau mus txog hnub kawg.

Exhibition activity

Ilya Mashkov tau ua haujlwm zoo tag nrho nws lub neej, nws kuj tau nthuav tawm nws cov haujlwm. Nws tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Cov no yog cov xwm txheej ntawm "Jack of Diamonds", "World of Art". Nyob rau hauv 1916, nyob rau hauv lub "Exhibition of Contemporary Lavxias teb sab painting" nws qhia 70 tej hauj lwm, nws yog lub loj tshaj plaws lub neej exhibition ntawm Ilya Mashkov. Txij li thaum xyoo 1920, tus kws kos duab tau nthuav tawm ntau txawv teb chaws: Venice, London, New York. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, cov tub ceev xwm Soviet tau zoo siab nqa Mashkov cov duab kos rau txhua lub nroog loj hauv ntiaj teb.

Kev qhia ua haujlwm

Rau yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej, Ilya Mashkov, tus kws kos duab, tus neeg pleev kob, qhia. Txawm tias thaum nws tseem hluas, nws tau tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev qhia kos duab thiab kos duab. Nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws tau qhib thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tom qab ntawd los ua lub hauv paus studio ntawm AHRR. Ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, V. Mukhina.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, tus kws kos duab qhia ntau yam, ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam kev kawm, ntawm Tub Rog Academy thiab ntawm VKHUTEIN.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Ilya Mashkov qhia nws txoj kev hlub hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws yog ib tug hlub poj niam thiab tau sib yuav peb zaug. Ua ntejNws tus poj niam yog Italian Sofia Arenzvari, Mashkov sib yuav nws nyob rau hauv 1905, ib xyoo tom qab ntawd tus tub ntawm tus artist Valentin yug. Nws tau los ua ib tug kws tsim qauv, xyoo 1937 nws raug kev tsim txom. Tus poj niam thib ob hauv xyoo 1915 yog tus kws kos duab Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. Tus poj niam thib peb kuj yog tus kws kos duab: xyoo 1922 Mashkov sib yuav Maria Ivanovna Danilova.

cuab yeej cuab tam thiab nco

Ilya Mashkov, uas nws cov duab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev los ntawm cov neeg nyiam kos duab, tuag rau lub Peb Hlis 20, 1944 ntawm nws dacha hauv Abramtsevo. Nws tau tso tseg ib txoj koob hmoov zoo. Nws paintings yog niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm 78 lub zos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tus poj ntsuam tus kws kos duab pub nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws rau Volgograd Art Museum. Nws paintings tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv auctions thiab raug muag rau loj sums. Yog li ntawd, lub canvas "Flowers" tau muag rau 3.5 lab daus las, thiab "Tseem Lub Neej Nrog Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo" - rau 7.2 lab daus las.

Mashkov txoj haujlwm yog kawm los ntawm cov neeg thuam kev kos duab, cov phau ntawv tau mob siab rau nws. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Volgograd dais nws lub npe. Lub cim xeeb ntawm tus kws kos duab tsis ploj mus; exhibitions ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog ib ntus tuav nyob rau hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej loj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 2014, lub lig tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist tau qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub exhibition yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus.