2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Soviet kws sau paj lug Pavel Antokolsky, uas nws biography thiab ua hauj lwm tsim nyog kawm nyob ze, nyob ib tug ntev thiab nthuav lub neej. Nyob rau hauv nws lub cim xeeb muaj revolutions, tsov rog, thwmsim nyob rau hauv kos duab, tsim ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv. Antokolsky cov paj huam yog ib zaj dab neeg uas muaj sia nyob, muaj peev xwm hais txog tus kws sau paj huam, txog lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, txog nws txoj kev xav.
Keeb Kwm
Lub Rau Hli 19, 1896 Antokolsky Pavel Grigoryevich yug hauv St. Nws yog tus hlob ntawm plaub tus menyuam hauv tsev neeg thiab tib tug tub. Nws txiv, tus kws lij choj nto moo tab sis tsis yog tus kws lij choj tshwj xeeb, tau tsim cov phiaj xwm los hloov nws lub neej kom zoo dua qub. Tab sis nws ua hauj lwm rau feem ntau raws li ib tug pab rau ib tug barrister, thiab nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm - raws li ib tug me me official nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev. Txhua yam kev txhawj xeeb txog cov me nyuam pw ntawm leej niam lub xub pwg nyom. Tus tub yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus sculptor nto moo Mark Antokolsky, los ntawm leej twg, rau qee yam, kev txawj ntse tau raug xa mus rau Pavel. Txawm yog tsev neegmuaj cov neeg Yudais cov hauv paus hniav, haiv neeg tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej.
Me Nyuam Yaus Pavel Antokolsky tau siv sijhawm hauv St. Petersburg, thiab thaum nws muaj 8 xyoo, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow. Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm menyuam yaus, raws li Antokolsky nws tus kheej, tau kos duab nrog cov xaum xim thiab cov xim dej. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyiam yog daim duab ntawm lub taub hau - cov duab kos rau "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" los ntawm A. S. Pushkin. Tom qab ntawd, qhov thib ob nyiam zaj dab neeg - cov duab ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, uas zoo li tus pej thuam ntawm M. Antokolsky yawg. Tus tub nco txog qhov kev txav mus rau Moscow zoo: tom qab lub siab xav thiab majestic Petersburg, nws zoo li nws squat, suab nrov thiab qias neeg. Tab sis maj mam nws tau siv rau Moscow thiab pib xav txog nws nws hometown. Lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905 tseem yog ib qho kev xav zoo nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam lub cim xeeb, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg thiab cov tub ceev xwm tom qab ntawd yuav dhau los ua ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev xav.
Study
Pavel Antokolsky kawm ntawm Moscow Gymnasium, kawm tiav xyoo 1914. Kev kawm tau yooj yim rau nws, tab sis tsis ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau. Ib xyoo tom qab kawm tiav high school, Pavel nkag mus rau Moscow State University ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai. Twb tau nyob rau hauv nws thawj xyoo, nws pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub Moscow State University lub tsev nyob rau hauv Mokhovaya ib tug advertisement rau kev nkag mus rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ua yeeb yam studio nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lam ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd Antokolsky pib lwm lub neej. Lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, thiab qee zaus Pavel tso tseg nws txoj kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thaum xub thawj rau lub hom phiaj ntawmua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary tub rog, tab sis thaum kawg rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub studio, uas yog nce tseem ceeb rau nws.
Theatre
Lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow State University tau qhia los ntawm tus thawj coj me me uas paub Yevgeny Vakhtangov, nws yog rau nws uas Pavel Antokolsky tau txais. Nws biography hloov dramatically nrog lub advent ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, thaum xub thawj Pavel sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam, tab sis nws cov txuj ci tsis txaus. Thaum peb xyoos ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub studio, uas loj hlob mus rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg, Antokolsky sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ua yeeb yam hauj lwm: los ntawm theem editor mus rau tus thawj coj thiab screenwriter. Nws tau sau peb zaj yeeb yaj kiab rau lub studio, suav nrog Tus Doll of the Infanta thiab Betrothal hauv Npau suav. Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws tawm Vakhtangov, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Moscow ua yeeb yam, qhov twg mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab-1930s nws ua tus thawj coj. Tom qab ntawd nws rov qab mus rau Vakhtangov Theatre, ua haujlwm nrog nws ntawm kev txhim kho lub tsev ntawm Arbat. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam, Antokolsky ua yeeb yam nws tus kheej thiab koom tes nrog lwm tus thawj coj. Nrog Vakhtangov Theatre, Pavel Grigorievich mus ncig xyuas Sweden, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis. Cov kev mus ncig no tau pab nws kom paub lub ntiaj teb thiab nws tus kheej zoo dua, nws tau paub ntau ntxiv txog nws tus kheej li ib tug neeg Soviet. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev xav ntawm cov kev mus ncig no yuav raug muab tso rau hauv paj huam, tshwj xeeb hauv phau ntawv "West". Kev ua yeeb yam tau nyob mus ib txhis tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej rau Antokolsky, txawm tias nws xaiv txoj kev sib txawv.
paj huam
Pavel Antokolsky tau sau nws thawj zaj paj huam thaum nws tseem hluas, tab sis nws tsis tau ua txoj haujlwm no tiag. Xyoo 1920Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws los ze zog mus rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Moscow sau ntawv uas sau nyob rau hauv lub Cafe ntawm Poets ntawm Tverskaya Street. Muaj Antokolsky tau ntsib nrog V. Bryusov, uas nyiam cov paj huam ntawm tus pib sau, thiab nyob rau hauv 1921 nws luam tawm nws thawj tej hauj lwm. V. Bryusov tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo heev organizer, nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj ib tug sau paj huam lub koom haum nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog heev pab tau rau cov hluas Antokolsky. Ntawm no nws tau txais kev txawj ntse thiab ntseeg nws txoj hmoo tshiab. Thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog tag nrho ntawm romance thiab mob siab rau ua yeeb yam. Yog li, paj huam "Francois Villon" thiab cov sau "Cim" qhia txog kev npau suav thiab kev xav ntawm tus txiv neej ua yeeb yam. Tab sis maj mam Antokolsky cov nkauj tau txais lub suab pej xeem. Maj mam, kev loj hlob tshwm sim, tus qauv thiab tus sau tus kheej lub ntsiab lus tau txais.
Nyob rau hnub uas Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pib, Pavel Antokolsky siv rau kev ua tswv cuab hauv qib ntawm CPSU, txij li lub sijhawm ntawd pib, raws li nws, lub neej tshiab. Kev ua tsov rog txaus ntshai ua rau tus kws sau paj huam tus cwj mem, thaum lub xyoo no nws sau ntau heev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov paj huam, nws tsim cov ntawv sau, ua haujlwm ua tus sau xov xwm ua tsov rog, taug kev nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab ua tus sau xov xwm. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, Antokolsky txuas ntxiv sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv zej zog, cov phau ntawv paj huam "Lub Hwj Chim ntawm Nyab Laj", "Poets thiab Sijhawm", "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo" tau tshwm sim, uas dhau los ua qauv ntawm pej xeem Soviet paj huam.
Creative legacy
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho rau nws lub neej muaj tswv yim ntev Pavel Antokolsky, duabuas yog nyob rau hauv tej encyclopedia ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, tau sau cuaj collections ntawm paj huam, ob peb paj huam thiab luam tawm plaub collections ntawm tsab xov xwm. Txhua phau ntawv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog tag nrho cov hauj lwm imbued nrog tob txoj kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus sau. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws creation ntawm Antokolsky yog paj huam "Tub", sau txog kev tuag ntawm nws tus tub uas tuag heroically nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Cov paj huam coj tus kws sau paj huam ntiaj teb koob meej thiab Stalin nqi zog. Ntawm undoubted txaus siab yog tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Fabkis revolutionary ntsuj plig: ib tug paj huam txog Francois Villon, hais txog lub Commune, cov paj huam "Robespierre thiab lub Gorgon", "Sanculot". Zaj kwv huam zaum kawg "Hnub Kawg" tau luam tawm xyoo 1977 thiab yog ib yam uas hais txog lub neej.
Kev txhais lus
Pavel Antokolsky mob siab rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntawv keeb kwm muaj tswv yim rau kev txhais lus. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 1930s, Antokolsky tau mus xyuas lub koom pheej ntawm lub koom pheej - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia - thiab nyiam ntawm lawv cov kab lis kev cai. Tom qab ntawd nws txoj haujlwm pib los ntawm kev txhais cov paj huam hauv tebchaws ntawm cov tebchaws no rau hauv Lavxias. Feem ntau nws tau koom nrog kev txhais lus hauv 60s thiab 70s. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hauj lwm ntawm Georgian, Ukrainian, Armenian thiab Azerbaijani cov kws sau paj huam, nws tau txhais lus Fab Kis ntau. Hauv nws phau ntawv txhais lus, cov ntawv sau "Civil Poetry ntawm Fabkis", "Los ntawm Bernager rau Eluard", cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb "Ob Centuries of French Poetry" tau luam tawm.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Tus kws sau paj lug nyob tau nplua nuj thiab ua neej ntev. Nws muaj kev phooj ywg nrog cov npoj yaig xws li M. Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, N. Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky tau sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj tus poj niam - Natalya Shcheglova - yug nws tus ntxhais Natalya thiab tus tub Vladimir, uas tuag nyob rau hauv 1942 nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus kws kos duab thiab kuj tau sib yuav tus kws sau paj huam Leon Toom. Andrey Antokolsky tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau los ua tus xibfwb ntawm physics thiab ua haujlwm hauv Brazil. Tus poj niam thib ob, Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova, yog tus kws kos duab, tab sis mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho los pab nws tus txiv. Pavel Antokolsky, nws cov poj niam, cov me nyuam, cov xeeb ntxwv yeej ib txwm txuam nrog lub ntsiab lag luam ntawm nws lub neej - paj huam. Muaj ib tug tiag tiag cult ntawm tus Xib Hwb nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Antokolsky raug tso tseg, nws tus poj niam tuag, thiab nws cov phooj ywg muaj lawv lub neej. Nws siv sijhawm ntau ntawm nws lub tsev hauv tsev. Tus kws sau paj huam tuag thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1978, thiab raug faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Vostryakovsky hauv Moscow.
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