2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Pavel Fedorovich Chelishchev yog ib tus kws kos duab Lavxias nto moo uas tau txais koob meej thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Kab lus no nthuav tawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov duab ntawm qee qhov ntawm nws cov haujlwm.
Kev sau txog tus txiv neej no tsis yooj yim. Cov neeg sau keeb kwm tsis pom zoo rau qee qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej ntawm Pavel Fedorovich thiab lawv cov kev txhais lus, tsis muaj ib qho kev xav txog qhov tseeb, hnub tim, thiab kev ntsuas ntawm nws cov haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig, kev xav thiab kev ntseeg, nrog rau kev txhais lus ntawm nws cov duab. txawv. Tau kawg, art historians tseem tsis tau nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm thiab biography ntawm tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias.
Keeb kwm thiab menyuam yaus ntawm Chelishchev
Chelishchev Pavel Fedorovich yug rau lub Cuaj Hlis 21, 1898 hauv Kaluga xeev (lub zos Dubrovka). Nws txiv yog Fedor Sergeevich Chelishchev, tus tswv av.
Tus neeg ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej, pom meej, loj hlob los ua ib tus menyuam nyiam nyiam thiab nyiam. Nws tau xav txog kev kos duab thaum ntxov: mem hluav portraits ntawm nws peb tus viv ncaus, ua thaum hluas, ua los ntawm Chelishchev, tau khaws cia. Fedor Sergeevich txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse thiab kev txaus siab rau nws tus tub kos duab. Nws caw cov kws qhia ntawv ntiag tug rau nws, uas tau muab nws cov duab kos duab. Fedor Sergeevichsubscribed rau lub magazine "World of Art". Nws kuj tseem paub tias xyoo 1907 Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Me Nyuam Me Me hauv Moscow tau txais kev qhuas ntawm kev qhia Pavel Chelishchev.
Vim li no, yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab tau txaus siab rau ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia tus kheej. Qee lub sij hawm, raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm, nws tau txaus siab rau kev ntaus pob tesniv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kos duab tau dhau los ua nws lub siab nyiam. Tsis yog tsuas yog Children's Art School hauv Moscow qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau nws. Xyoo 1907, Chelishchev kuj tau mus kawm cov chav kawm kos duab ua haujlwm hauv Moscow University.
Muaj lus dab neeg hais tias tej hauj lwm ntawm Pavel, ua los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, ib zaug tau qhia rau Konstantin Korovin nrog kev thov kom txais Chelishchev ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws hais tias Pavel twb yog tus kws kos duab, thiab nws tsis muaj dab tsi los qhia nws.
Kev hloov pauv hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Chelishchev
Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Pavel Fedorovich tej zaum yuav txuas ntxiv mus, zoo li ntau tus neeg nyiam kos duab zoo nkauj, nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nkag mus rau MUZHVZ lossis Academy of Arts, yuav ua tiav nrog kev mus ncig ua si, koom nrog ntau lub koom haum kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv tau los. Xyoo 1916-1918. Pavel Chelishchev txawm li cas los xij kawm hauv Moscow, tab sis xyoo 1918 nws tsev neeg, raws li cov lus dab neeg, raug ntiab tawm ntawm Dubrovka ntawm Lenin tus kheej xaj. Nws tsiv mus rau Kyiv kom dim txoj kev tsim txom ntawm tub ceev xwm.
Lub neej hauv Kyiv
Pavel Fedorovich txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm kos duab hauv Kyiv. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1918 mus 1920, Chelishchev kawm nyob rau hauv lub icon-painting Rhiav, coj paintings los ntawm Adolf. Milman thiab Alexandra Exter, tau mus kawm Academy of Arts. Nyob rau hauv Kyiv, tus kws kos duab pleev xim rau thaj chaw zoo nkauj, thiab tseem tsim cov canvases hauv cubist style. Tsis tas li ntawd, Chelishchev ua haujlwm rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm K. A. Marjanashvili. Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws ua sketches ntawm scenery thiab costumes rau lub operetta "Geisha" los ntawm S. Jones nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm I. Karil. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kws kos duab tau koom nrog pab tub rog ua haujlwm pab dawb, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua tus kws kos duab.
Txiv mus rau Constantinople
Ntxiv mus, raws li qee qhov chaw, nws tau tsiv mus rau Odessa xyoo 1920 (ntawm no Pavel Fedorovich liam tias ua haujlwm ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua yeeb yam). Lwm qhov chaw ua tim khawv rau nws txoj kev tsiv mus rau Novorossiysk nyob rau tib lub xyoo, los ntawm qhov chaw nws liam tias tau tsiv mus rau Constantinople nrog Denikin cov tub rog. Tsuas yog qhov tseeb kawg pom qhov tseeb: Chelishchev tuaj txog hauv Constantinople xyoo 1920.
Nyob hauv lub nroog no, nws tsim scenery rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntaus pob los ntawm Viktor Zimin thiab Boris Knyazev. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no, lub zog ntawm Exter tseem muaj zog heev. Ua ke nrog Knyazev lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1921, Chelishchev tsiv mus rau Sofia. Ntawm no nws tsim ib phau ntawv hu ua "Exodus to the East. Premonitions and Accomplishments. Statement of the Eurasians", thiab kuj tau pleev xim rau ob peb daim duab.
Lub neej hauv Berlin
Hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm Knyazev thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1921, Chelishchev tau nyob hauv Berlin. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo muaj ntau Lavxias teb sab artists: K. L. Boguslavskaya, A. P. Archipenko, M. Z. Chagall, I. A. Puni, S. I. Sharshun thiab lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li ib tug kws ua yeeb yam, nws koom tes nrog Lavxias teb sab Romantic Theatre (nws ua hauj lwm rau nws scenery), lub Königgrätzersstrasse ua yeeb yam, thiab lub Blue Bird cabaret. Chelishchev txawm tsim scenery rau Berlin Opera, uas staged lub opera "Lub Golden Cockerel" los ntawm N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
Paris xyoo
Ua ke nrog pab pawg ntawm Boris Romanov, uas coj lub Lavxias teb sab Romantic Theatre, nyob rau hauv 1923 Chelishchev tawm Berlin thiab mus rau Paris. Ntawm no nws thaum kawg pib mob siab rau kev pleev xim (ua ntej ntawd, tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm yuav luag tshwj xeeb hauv cov duab - phau ntawv, ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam). Chelishchev Lub Neej Tseem Ceeb "Basket of Strawberries" tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Gertrude Stein nws tus kheej, uas yuav nws. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv no tau muaj txoj cai zoo hauv kev kos duab ntawm Paris. Kev phooj ywg tsim los ntawm nws thiab Chelishchev. Gertrude patronized Pavel Fedorovich, pab nws nyiaj txiag, thiab kuj qhia nws mus rau nws salon, uas tsuas yog mus xyuas los ntawm cov feem ntau txawj ntse thiab nto moo neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tshiab kos duab.
Chelishchev tsim nyog lees paub thiab dhau los ua tus tswv nrov heev. Txij li thaum xyoo 1925, nws pib koom nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam, ua txhua xyoo. Tshwj xeeb, Chelishchev koom nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg Salon. Nyob rau hauv lub gallery "Drouet" nyob rau hauv 1926, thawj exhibition ntawm neo-humanists tau tuav, uas cov hauj lwm ntawm Pavel Fedorovich kuj tau nthuav tawm.
Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ballet "Ode"
Chelischev hauv Paris tau dhau los ua tus kws ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1928, Pavel Fedorovich tau tsim lub ballet "Ode" rau lub troupe ntawm S. Diaghilev. Kev ua tau zoostaged raws li ode ntawm Lomonosov. Sergei Lifar, tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam, nco qab tias Diaghilev thawj zaug tso kev tsim khoom rau ib qho ntawm nws cov protégés, tab sis nws tsis tau raws li lub sijhawm kawg, yog li nws yuav tsum coj nws tus kheej hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis meej pem thiab lub sij hawm hnyav. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau dhau los ua qhov tshiab tshiab txawm tias rau cov pej xeem Parisian, uas tau txawv los ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb sophistication.
Hnub yug ntawm Chelishchev tus kheej style
Lub sijhawm no, Chelishchev tus kheej style tau yug los hauv kev rov ua haujlwm thiab fusion ntawm cubic thiab muaj tseeb tiam sis. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20s nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm dhau los nyob rau hauv lub kos npe rau ntawm neo-romanticism (neo-humanism). Nws tsim ntau cov duab ntawm nws cov neeg paub thiab cov phooj ywg. Tus kws kos duab pib ua ntau dua thiab xav paub ntau ntxiv hauv kev piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg, thiab tsis yog nws qhov tsos. Txawm li cas los xij, Chelishchev cov duab ntawm xyoo 1920s tseem raug tua nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tiag tiag. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub tswv yim ntawm lub supremacy ntawm lub puab cov ntsiab lus, nws prevalence ntawm sab nrauv, tau hloov mus rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua "anatomical" los yog "neon" taub hau. Lawv qhia cov qauv sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg.
Kev phooj ywg nrog Edith Sitwell thiab C. G. Ford
Nyob hauv lub salon ntawm Gertrude Stein, Pavel Chelishchev tau ntsib ob tus neeg uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej - Edith Sitwell (tus kws sau ntawv Askiv) thiab Charles Henry Ford (tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas thiab kws sau paj huam).
Edith Chelishchev tau ntsib xyoo 1928. Nws tau los ua nws tus phooj ywg ze rau ntau xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Sitwell los ua Chelishchev tus tshiab patroness nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kos duab. Nws tau teeb tsa kev nthuav qhia, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab nyiaj txiag txhawb PavelFedorovich. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s, ib tug acquaintance nrog C. G. Ford tshwm sim. Xyoo 1934, cov phooj ywg tawm hauv Paris thiab mus rau New York. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm lawv tsiv mus rau Ltalis. Tsuas yog nrog kev tuag ntawm Pavel Chelishchev (hauv xyoo 1957) tau ua tiav lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev phooj ywg nrog Edith Sitwell thiab Charles Ford yog ntau cov duab kos thiab duab. Los ntawm txoj kev, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lwm tus cwj pwm pib tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov duab ntawm tus kws kos duab - ua yeeb yam Ruth Ford, Charles tus viv ncaus.
New York lub sijhawm
Chelishchev daim duab hauv New York tau tawg paj tag nrho. Tus kws kos duab tau pib ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw tshiab ntawm cov duab - nws tsim cov npog rau Vogue thiab Saib cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab tseem tsim cov ntawv caw. Chelishchev pib ua hauj lwm ywj pheej nyob rau hauv painting, tsis tau tsav nws tus kheej mus rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug style los yog lwm yam. Lub sijhawm no, kev puas siab puas ntsws portraits, tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev muaj tiag, ib sab ntawm "metamorphic toj roob hauv pes" - fake paintings ua nyob rau hauv ib tug surrealist ntsuj plig. Tus kws kos duab hauv nws qhov kev ua haujlwm cuav sim nrog cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj, tib neeg, ntoo, nplooj, nyom, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej. Ib daim duab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no - "Children-nplooj" (1939) - yog nthuav tawm saum toj no. Los ntawm txoj kev, thawj cov duab kos duab, uas muaj cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv, tau pleev xim los ntawm Pavel Fedorovich rov qab rau xyoo 1920, uas yog, yuav luag 10 xyoo ua ntej Breton, Dali, Magritte thiab lwm cov surrealists tau lees paub niaj hnub no.
Metaphysical taub hau
Nyob rau xyoo 1940, Chelishchev tau tsim ib koob"metaphysical taub hau" (ib qho ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm saum toj no). Lub analytical painting P. Filonov tshuav nws cov cim ntawm cov style ntawm tej hauj lwm. Tib neeg cov duab nyob rau hauv Chelishchev cov duab yog translucent kom cov pob caus, hlab ntsha, thiab lub cev pob txha pom.
Nws feem ntau lees paub tias hauv cov haujlwm no tus kws kos duab tau sim piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus txiv neej. Los ntawm "qhov tseem ceeb" tus kws kos duab nkag siab lub zog. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau tsom mus rau kev piav qhia txog cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha, uas, raws li Chelishchev, yog txoj hauv kev rau kev xa hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Pavel Chelishchev nres depicting "txoj kev". Nws pib pleev xim rau lub zog nws tus kheej, nthuav tawm raws li cov qauv ntawm cov luminous spirals, ovals thiab voj voog (ib qho ntawm cov duab zoo li no tau pom hauv qab no).
Thawj solo exhibition
Xyoo 1942, Pavel Chelishchev tau lees paub hauv New York thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb, uas nws cov duab kos los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd twb muaj npe nrov heev. Nws yog ces, nyob rau hauv 1942, uas nws thawj solo exhibition tshwm sim nyob rau hauv MOMA, uas yog ib tug loj kev vam meej. Tib lub sijhawm, Chelishchev's Hide and Seek (daim duab hauv qab no) tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov duab nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm, nrog rau Picasso's Guernica.
New Rayonism
Chelishchev feem ntau ntsib kev tsis nkag siab hauv nws lub neej. Lub koob meej uas poob rau tus kws kos duab ntxiv nthuav tawm nws txoj kev kho siab nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov neeg qhuas uas tsis tuaj yeem qhia nws cov kev xav thiab cov tswv yim. Chelishchev thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo 1940 tau xyaum tso tseg haiv neeg. Tejzaum yog los ntawm-rau qhov no, nws painting thaum kawg poob nws figurativeness. Tus artist tsiv mus rau abstraction. Nws pib tsim cov duab geometric complex. Tchelishchev xav kom pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb rays nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txwv. Cov style no tom qab ntawd hu ua New Rayonism. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov duab no yog "Apotheosis" xyoo 1954. Daim duab ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.
xyoo dhau los ntawm lub neej. Chelishchev lub ntxa
Missing Europe, xyoo 1951 tus kws kos duab tau mus rau Ltalis, mus rau lub villa nyob ze Rome hauv Frascati. Pavel Chelishchev nyob rau hauv ltalis tau ntau xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, tus kws kos duab tau txais koob meej nyob hauv Europe. Ob qhov kev nthuav qhia solo nyob hauv Paris tau ua tiav zoo. Pavel Chelishchev tuag nyob rau hauv 1957 nyob rau hauv Frascati. Nws tuag ntawm lub plawv nres, uas yog yuam kev rau mob ntsws.
Ua ntej, Pavel Fedorovich raug faus rau hauv Frascati, ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox hauv zos. Tom qab ntawd Alexandra Zausailova, nws tus muam, rov faus cov tshauv ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm Père Lachaise toj ntxas hauv Fabkis. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Pavel Chelishchev kuj tau khaws cia. Tam sim no, cov seem ntawm tus kws kos duab so hauv Pere Lachaise toj ntxas.
Txhawb kev muaj tswv yim
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Pavel Fedorovich, C. Ford thiab nws tus viv ncaus Ruth, cov neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws rau tus kws kos duab, ua txhua yam ua tau tsis yog kom muaj kev txaus siab rau nws txoj haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj ua kom nrov Chelishchev txoj haujlwm hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Lawv tau teeb tsa kev nthuav tawm ob peb zaug, thiab tseem tau nthuav tawm cov duab kos los ntawm Pavel Fedorovich rauqhib auctions. Hauv xyoo 2010, qhov kev sib tw ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv New York, qhov chaw "Portrait of Ruth Ford" tau muag rau yuav luag 5 npaug ntawm tus nqi qub. Cov duab no tau dhau los ua haujlwm kim tshaj plaws ntawm Chelishchev muag ntawm lub khw. Tau 10 xyoo dhau los, tus kws sau paj huam K. Kedrov, nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv, tau nrov npe rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Pavel Fedorovich hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Pom zoo:
Classical Literature (Lavxias teb sab). Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv classical: ib daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws
Classical cov ntaub ntawv (Lavxias teb sab) yog ib lub tswvyim dav, thiab txhua tus muab lawv lub ntsiab lus rau hauv. Cov neeg tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics yeej ib txwm muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zej zog. Lawv yeej tsis ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees, tsis tau npaj cov lus teb rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Cov kws sau ntawv tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau tus nyeem ntawv thiab yuam kom nws xav txog nws txoj kev daws teeb meem
Byzantine, Georgian thiab qub Lavxias teb sab ornaments thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus. Lub qub Lavxias teb sab ornaments, duab
Old Lavxias teb sab ornament yog ib qho ntawm qhov nthuav tshaj plaws tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb kev kos duab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau hloov kho thiab ntxiv. Txawm tias qhov no, Lavxias teb sab ornaments ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm feem nthuav. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm koj yuav nrhiav tau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv tsis yog hais txog ancient Lavxias teb sab clipart, tab sis kuj hais txog ornaments ntawm lwm haiv neeg
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Folk instruments. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem instruments. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem seev cev
Thawj lub suab paj nruag Lavxias teb sab tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, rov qab los rau lub sijhawm tsis nco txog. Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog yam peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau ua los ntawm cov duab kos duab, cov ntawv sau ntawv thiab cov ntawv luam tawm nrov. Cia peb nco ntsoov cov cuab yeej cuab tam nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem
Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 19th-20th centuries: rooj
Russian cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj nws, txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai tsis xav txog. Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj nws tus kheej logic thiab cov yam ntxwv nta. Pib dhau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws qhov tshwm sim txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm peb hnub. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no