Classical Literature (Lavxias teb sab). Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv classical: ib daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Classical cov ntaub ntawv (Lavxias teb sab) yog ib lub tswvyim dav, thiab txhua tus muab lawv lub ntsiab lus rau hauv. Yog tias koj nug cov neeg nyeem dab tsi koom nrog nws ua rau lawv, ces cov lus teb yuav txawv. Rau qee tus, qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv nyiaj txiag, ib tug neeg yuav hais tias tej hauj lwm ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog ib yam ntawm cov qauv nrog siab artistic zoo. Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, qhov no yog txhua yam uas kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab lawv txhua tus yuav yog txoj cai ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog li dab tsi raws nraim yog classical ntaub ntawv? Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, hnub no peb yuav tham xwb txog nws. Peb yuav tham txog txawv teb chaws classics nyob rau hauv lwm tsab xov xwm.

Lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv

Muaj feem ntau lees txais lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Nws zaj dab neeg tau muab faib ua lub sijhawm hauv qab no:

1. lub sijhawm sau ntawv ua ntej. Lub sijhawm no, mus txog rau xyoo pua 11th, tsis muaj ntawv sau, thiabtej hauj lwm tau kis ntawm qhov ncauj.
2. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th mus rau lub xyoo pua 14th, cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias qub muaj nyob. Kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Cov phau ntawv Greek txhais tau tshwm sim, cov ntawv tshiab tsim: lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, keeb kwm, taug kev, txoj moo zoo.
3. Lub sijhawm tom ntej yog cov ntaub ntawv medieval. Nws muaj nyob txij li xyoo 15th txog rau xyoo pua 17th.



4. XVIII caug xyoo - lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias kev nkag siab. Lub sijhawm no yog txuam nrog cov kws sau ntawv uas tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntawv nyeem. Cov no suav nrog: Karamzin, Fonvizin, Lomonosov, Zhukovsky, Sumarokov, Radishchev, Krylov.
5. Lub xyoo pua 19th yog lub sijhawm uas cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam nyob thiab ua haujlwm, uas nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm hu ua classics ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. "Golden Age" yog lub npe muab rau lub sijhawm no. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab classic tau tsim thaum ntawd.
6. Lub xyoo pua 20 yog hu ua, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau xyoo pua dhau los, "Silver Age", txij li qee qhov nws yog nws qhov kev xav txuas ntxiv.

Yuav ua li cas hu ua classics?

Ntau tus neeg nyeem paub tseeb tias cov ntawv nyeem classic (Lavxias teb sab) yog Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - uas yog, cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas nyob hauv xyoo pua 19th. Nws tsis zoo li ntawd kiag li. Ib qho kev sau ntawv classic tuaj yeem yog Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab xyoo pua 20th. Los ntawm dab tsi canons thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus los txiav txim seb qhov tshiab lossis zaj dab neeg puas yog classic? Ua ntej, kev ua haujlwm classical yuav tsum muaj tus nqi zoo nkauj, ua qauv rau lwm tus. Qhov thib ob, nws yuav tsum muaj kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, nws yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv cov nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai.

Thiab koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv classical thiab nrov. Ib qho classic yog ib yam uas tau sawv ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab kev ua haujlwm nrov tuaj yeem tsis nco qab sai. Yog tias qhov tseem ceeb tseem nyob rau ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo, tej zaum nws kuj yuav dhau los ua ib qho classic dhau sijhawm.

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov nom tswv tshiab ntawm Russia tau faib ua ob lub chaw tawm tsam: cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov neeg hloov kho. Xws li kev sib cais yog vim muaj kev xav sib txawv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub neej: Peter txoj kev hloov kho, kev nkag siab txog cov dej num ntawm Kev Pom Zoo, cov lus nug mob rau cov neeg pluag, tus cwj pwm ntawm lub hwj chim. Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev kub ntxhov no ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig, kev nco qab tus kheej, uas ua rau muaj kev ntseeg hauv Lavxias. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias nws tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam hauv lub tebchaws.

Classical ntaub ntawv (Lavxias teb sab), tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub complex thiab contradictory 18th caug xyoo, thaum kawg tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: lub teb chaws tus kheej, kev loj hlob, kev paub txog tus kheej.

Russian classical ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev nco qab ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntau thiab ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tau nce zuj zus, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tau pib mob siab rau lawv hom lus. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Decembrists ua rau peb xav ntau ntxiv txog qhov tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Karamzin ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 19thib puas xyoo

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, tus kws sau keeb kwm Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws, kws sau ntawv thiab sau xov xwm, yog tus muaj feem cuam tshuam tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai hauv 18th-19th centuries. Nws cov dab neeg keeb kwm thiab cov monumental "Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab State" muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj huam: Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboedov. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov loj reformers ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Karamzin tau qhia ntau lo lus tshiab los siv, yam uas peb tsis tuaj yeem xav txog cov lus niaj hnub no.

Russian classical ntaub ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws

Xaiv thiab sau cov npe ntawm cov ntawv sau zoo tshaj plaws yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj, vim txhua tus nyeem nws muaj nws tus kheej nyiam thiab saj. Ib tug tshiab uas rau ib tug yuav yog ib tug masterpiece, lwm tus yuav zoo li tho txawv thiab uninteresting. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas los sau ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv uas yuav txaus siab rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyeem? Ib txoj hauv kev yog ua kev tshawb fawb. Ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, nws muaj peev xwm kos cov lus xaus uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg nyeem lawv tus kheej xav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev xaiv uas tau thov. Cov txheej txheem sau cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua tsis tu ncua, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav hloov me ntsis raws sijhawm.

Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics, raws li cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab Internet portals, zoo li qhov no:

1. Mikhail Bulgakov nrog mystical tshiab Tus Tswv thiab Margarita.
2. Leo Tolstoy nrog epic Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb.
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky nrog pebnovels: "Kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev rau txim", "Cov kwv tij Karamazov" thiab "Idiot". Tus poj Lavxias teb sab xav kom raug thiab ruthlessly piav txog qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm tib neeg qhov xwm txheej. Friedrich Nietzsche ib zaug hais tias Dostoevsky yog tib tus kws kho mob hlwb uas nws kawm tau dab tsi los ntawm.



4. Nikolai Gogol - Tuag Souls. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv muaj peev xwm tsim cov duab txawv txawv, zoo nkauj ntawm nws cov cim. Zaj dab neeg "Viy" thiab tus sau phau ntawv "Hmo ntuj ntawm ib tug ua liaj ua teb ze Dikanka" kuj nyiam los ntawm cov neeg nyeem.
5. Alexander Pushkin nrog tus tshiab "Eugene Onegin". Raws li kev xaiv tsa, Pushkin yog tus kws sau ntawv nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab Onegin yog tus neeg sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws.
6. Anton Chekhov thiab nws cov dab neeg.
7. Mikhail Lermontov - "Tus Hero ntawm Peb Lub Sijhawm".
8. Ilya Ilf thiab Evgeny Petrov yog cov classics ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov neeg muaj kev lom zem. Lawv cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj" tau ntev los ua ib phau ntawv nyiam ntawm ntau tus neeg nyeem.
9. Ivan Turgenev thiab nws txoj haujlwm "Txiv thiab Tub".
10. Alexander Griboedov nrog comedy "Woe from Wit". Tau sau tsuas yog ib qho haujlwm hauv nws lub neej tag nrho, tab sis tsim nyob rau theem siab, nws tau nyob mus ib txhis ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv.

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau suav tias yog kev siv. Hauv qee qhov kev ntaus nqi thiab kev xaiv tsa, tsis yog Bulgakov, tab sis Leo Tolstoy lossis Alexander Pushkin tuaj yeem nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab qee tus sau npe sau yuav tsis muaj nyob txhua qhov. Rating yog heevkev kawm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov npe ntawm koj nyiam classics rau koj tus kheej thiab tsom rau nws.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv

Tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics yeej ib txwm muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zej zog. Lawv yeej tsis ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees, tsis tau npaj cov lus teb rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Cov kws sau ntawv tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau tus nyeem ntawv thiab yuam kom nws xav txog nws txoj kev daws teeb meem. Lawv tsa cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, uas tseem ceeb heev rau peb tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, Lavxias teb sab classics tseem nyob li niaj hnub no.