Evgeny Charushin: biography, tej hauj lwm, paintings, duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Creativity ntawm Evgeny Charushin, tib neeg, siab zoo, txaus siab rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv, qhia cov menyuam yaus kom nyiam lub ntiaj teb tej yam yees siv ntawm cov noog thiab tsiaj.

Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich, uas nws biography tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog tus kws kos duab kos duab thiab sau ntawv. Lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej - 1901-1965. Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1901 Evgeny Charushin yug hauv Vyatka. Nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

Yevgeny Ivanovich txiv - Charushin Ivan Apollonovich - lub xeev kws kes duab vajtse, yog ib tug zoo tshaj plaws architects ntawm lub Urals. Ntau tshaj 300 lub tsev hauv Izhevsk, Sarapul, Vyatka tau ua raws li nws cov qauv tsim. Zoo li txhua tus kws kes duab vajtse, nws yog ib tus kws kos duab zoo. Tsev neeg ntawm Ivan Apollonovich nyob amicably. Cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj feem ntau sib sau ua ke hauv tsev. Cov niam txiv txij thaum yau instilled rau lawv tus tub txoj kev hlub.

Charushin nyiam phau ntawv

Yevgeny nyiam nyeem yog phau ntawv hais txog peb cov kwv tij. "Lub Neej Ntawm Tsiaj" los ntawm AE Brem yog rau nws tus hlub thiab hlub tshaj plaws. Nws hlub nws thiab nyeem nws tag nrho nws lub neej. Lub fact tias cov novice artist depicted ntau thiab ntau noog thiab tsiaj muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm Brem lub hwj chim. Charushin pib kos thaum ntxov. Tus novice artist tau mus rau lub rooj cob qhia khoom, uas nyobnyob ze, lossis saib tsiaj hauv tsev.

Supohud

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, nws thiab nws cov phooj ywg tau koom ua ke ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws sau paj huam "Sopohud". Txij li thaum nws tseem hluas, Eugene xav ntes qhov nws pom kom khaws lub ntiaj teb hloov pauv sai. Thiab daim duab tuaj cawm. Yevgeny Ivanovich tau hais tias tus kws kos duab tau yug los ua ntej tshaj li tus kws sau ntawv. Me ntsis tom qab tuaj cov lus yog.

Ua haujlwm hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm lub hauv paus, kawm hauv Academy of Arts

Xyoo 1918, Evgeny Charushin kawm tiav high school hauv Vyatka. Nws kawm nyob ntawd ua ke nrog Yuri Vasnetsov. Tom qab ntawd Yevgeny Ivanovich tau sau rau hauv cov tub rog. Ntawm no lawv tau txiav txim siab siv nws "raws li nws qhov tshwj xeeb" - lawv tau tsa nws ua tus pab kho kom zoo nkauj hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm. Tom qab ua haujlwm 4 xyoos, yuav luag tag nrho kev ua tsov ua rog, Yevgeny Ivanovich rov qab los tsev tsuas yog xyoo 1922.

Nws txiav txim siab kawm los ua tus kws kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub Rhiav ntawm lub Vyatka Gubernia tub rog Commissariat, thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub VKHUTEIN (Petrograd Academy of Arts), lub painting department. Evgeny Charushin kawm ntawm no tau tsib xyoos, txij xyoo 1922 txog 1927. Nws cov xib fwb yog A. Karaev, M. Matyushin, A. Savinov, A. Rylov. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Yevgeny Ivanovich tom qab rov hais dua, cov no yog xyoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws. Charushin tsis txaus siab rau kev tshawb nrhiav lo lus tshiab hauv kev kos duab, nrog rau kev kawm kos duab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau tom khw noog lossis lub vaj tsiaj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nyiam hnav khaub ncaws. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Valentin Kurdov, nws tus phooj ywg ze, nws hnav cov ris tsho zoo nkauj thiab cov ris tsho, hnav lub kaus mom fawn thiabluv motley tsho tiv no ntawm aub fur.

Ncig mus ncig, ua haujlwm hauv Leningrad Gosizdat

Siv cov lus qhia ntawm V. Bianchi, xyoo 1924 Evgeny Charushin tau mus rau Altai ntawm kev taug kev zoo siab nrog Valentin Kurdov thiab Nikolai Kostrov.

Xyoo 1926, Charushin tau mus ua haujlwm ntawm Leningrad State Publishing House, nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus chav haujlwm, coj los ntawm Vladimir Lebedev, tus kws kos duab nto moo. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov phau ntawv tshiab rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws Soviet, zoo nkauj heev, tab sis tib lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Lebedev nyiam cov tsiaj uas tau kos ntawm Charushin, thiab nws pib txhawb nws txhua txoj hauv kev hauv nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim.

Kev koom tes hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, thawj cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv

Evgeny Ivanovich los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd (txij li xyoo 1924) twb tau ua haujlwm hauv "Murzilka", uas yog menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, nws pib ua haujlwm ntawm "Hedgehog" (los ntawm 1928 txog 1935) thiab "Chizh" (los ntawm 1930 txog 1941). Xyoo 1928, Evgeny Charushin tau txais nws thawj qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm Leningrad State Publishing House - los tshaj tawm zaj dab neeg "Murzuk" los ntawm V. V. Bianchi. Thawj phau ntawv nrog nws cov duab kos tau nyiam cov neeg nyeem ntawv thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm phau ntawv duab. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm nws tau txais los ntawm Lub Xeev Tretyakov Gallery nws tus kheej.

Xyoo 1929 Charushin tau piav qhia ntau phau ntawv ntxiv: "Nyob Dawb", "Wild Beasts", "Zoo li Xyooj LojNyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, Evgeny Charushin qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj tau tshwm sim tag nrho. Ib tug menyuam ntsuag menyuam dais zaum saum ceg; ib tug ruffled cw uas tab tom yuav peck ib pob txha; qus boars wandering nrog me nyuam mos… Tag nrho cov no thiab ntau ntxiv yog kos nthuav dav, ci ntsa iab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm capacious thiab concise. Tus kws kos duab, tsim cov duab ntawm tus tsiaj, muaj peev xwm qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tus yam ntxwv nta.

Evgeny Charushin thawj zaj dab neeg

Ntau cov duab kos tau ua los ntawm Charushin Evgeniy Ivanovich. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Bianchi, nrog rau S. Ya. Marshak, M. M. Prishvin thiab lwm tus neeg sau ntawv nto moo nrog nws cov duab kos, nyiam ntau tus neeg nyeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm Marshak, nws tau sim sau cov menyuam yaus cov dab neeg luv luv txog lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj. Nws thawj zaj dab neeg tshwm sim hauv 1930 ("Schur"). Twb tau nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, tsis tsuas yog ib qho kev paub zoo ntawm cov cim ntawm ntau yam tsiaj tau tshwm sim, tab sis kuj muaj kev lom zem. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm cov dab neeg ntawm Yevgeny Ivanovich, ib tug kuj muaj peev xwm xav tias ib tug mischievous, ces muag muag, ces ib tug me ntsis ironic, ces ib tug siab zoo condescending luag. Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich yog ib tug illustrator thiab sau ntawv uas nrhiav kom to taub tsiaj, lawv lub ntsej muag qhia thiab taw. Cov kev paub dhau los tau pab nws qhia qhov no hauv cov lus thiab cov lus piav qhia. Tsis muaj ntawv tseeb nyob rau hauv dab tsi Evgeny Ivanovich tsim - tsiaj ib txwm ua dab tsi yog yam ntxwv ntawm lawv.

Charushin cov phau ntawv tshiab thiab cov duab kos rau lawv

Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich, uas nws cov duab kos tau nto moo heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, pib piav qhia nws tus kheej cov ntawv sau: "Sib txawv.tsiaj" (1930), "Volchishko thiab lwm tus", "Nikitka thiab nws cov phooj ywg", "Hais txog Tomka", "Hais txog loj thiab me", "Kuv thawj zoology", "Vaska", "Cubs", "Hais txog magpie" thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, txij li los ntawm nws tus kheej nkag mus, Evgeny Ivanovich, nws yooj yim dua rau nws los piav qhia lwm tus neeg cov ntawv tshaj li nws tus kheej. Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Charushin tau lees paub tias yog ib tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws. Tshwj xeeb hauv cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv. "M. Gorky tau hais lus sov siab heev txog Charushin cov dab neeg. Ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xim lossis monochrome watercolor kos duab, Evgeny Ivanovich rov tsim tag nrho cov toj roob hauv pes ib puag ncig nrog ib qho chaw zoo nkauj.

Ntau txog Charushin txoj haujlwm

Charushin kho nws cov neeg nyeem nrog kev hwm zoo. Nws zoo siab tias cov tsiaj uas nws pleev xim tsis nyiam los ntawm cov neeg kho thiab cov neeg thuam, tab sis yog cov menyuam yaus. Xav txog Charushin cov phau ntawv, peb tuaj yeem hais yam xyuam xim tias ob qho tib si cov duab thiab cov ntawv lawv tus kheej muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho, kev sib koom ua ke hauv ntiaj teb ntawm lawv tus tsim. Cov duab kos thiab cov dab neeg yog cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntsiab lus, nruj thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus, txawm tias me me. Hauv kev sau "Chicks" (1930), suav nrog cov dab neeg luv luv txog owls, corostels, thiab grouse, Evgeny Charushin masterfully qhia txog qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nco txog cov cim.

Charushin paub tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj zoo heev. Hauv cov duab kos, nws tau piav qhia lawv nrog qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab raug. Txhua tus ntawm nws cov duab kos yog tus kheej, hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm yog piav qhia nrog nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, uas sib haum rau ib qho xwm txheej. Charushin lub luag haujlwm daws qhov teeb meem no. Nws hais tias yog tsis muaj duab, tsis muaj dab tsi los piav. Charushinsky tsiaj yog kev xav, kov. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau thiab ib puag ncig yog nyuam qhuav hinted nyob rau hauv nws cov phau ntawv thaum ntxov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom pom tus tsiaj nyob ze, thaum tsis tsuas yog tsim cov duab kos duab, tab sis kuj piav qhia tus phab ej raws li qhov tseeb raws li qhov ua tau. Yevgeny Ivanovich tsis nyiam cov tsiaj uas tsis zoo los ntawm qhov pom ntawm biology. Nws kuj ntseeg hais tias cov duab kos rau hauv cov me nyuam phau ntawv yuav tsum ua pa, ciaj sia. Evgeny Charushin tsis nyiam Ivan Bilibin, ntseeg tias nws tsis koom nrog hauv kev kos duab, tab sis nyob rau hauv painting tuag, txias contours.

Los ntawm ntau yam kev ntxhib los mos, cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm Charushin cov tsiaj raug tsim, uas txawj qhia cov tsiaj nyaum, cov plaub ntawm cov noog. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim cov duab zoo nkauj hauv kev ntxhib los mos, cov duab kos duab zoo meej hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lithography. Feem ntau, tus kws kos duab siv cov xim pastel ntuj. Nws tsis paub txog cov kev cai lithographic thiab kev cai lij choj, temperamentally kos ib tug cwj mem, khawb ib lub pob zeb lithographic nrog rab chais thiab rab koob. Ntau zaus, Evgeny Ivanovich tuaj yeem muab cov khoom uas ploj lawm hauv daim duab los yog npog lawv nrog ntxuav dawb.

Evgeny Charushin tsim txog 20 phau ntawv ua ntej tsov rog. Nws biography tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no: 1930 -"Chicks"; nyob rau hauv 1931 - "Volchishko thiab lwm tus neeg", "Chicken nroog", "Round", "Hungle - noog lub vaj kaj siab"; Nyob rau hauv 1935 - "Tsiaj ntawm lub teb chaws kub". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txuas ntxiv piv rau cov kws sau ntawv xws li S. Ya. Marshak, V. V. Bianchi, M. M. Prishvin, A. I. Vvedensky.

Tsov rog xyoo

Charushin thaum tsov rog tau khiav tawm ntawm Leningrad mus rau Kirov (Vyatka), mus rau nws lub tebchaws. Ntawm no nws tau tsim cov duab kos rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg koom siab, pleev xim rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm, tsim kev ua yeeb yam, pleev xim rau cov phab ntsa ntawm kindergarten thiab lub tsev ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab Pioneers, thiab qhia cov me nyuam kos duab.

Charushin Evgeny Ivanovich: ib tug luv luv biography ntawm lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog

Tus kws kos duab rov qab mus rau Leningrad hauv xyoo 1945. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv, nws pib tsim cov ntawv luam tawm uas piav txog tsiaj. Charushin tau nyiam ua duab puab txawm ua ntej tsov rog. Nws pleev xim rau cov tshuaj yej teeb, thiab tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, nws tsim cov duab tsiaj los ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov pab pawg zoo nkauj. Nws sim ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov ntawv me me. Kev xav tau pib tshwm sim hauv Charushin cov duab kos, qhov chaw pib qhia. Cov txheej txheem kuj tau hloov: nws pib ua hauj lwm nrog watercolors thiab gouache, tab sis tsis nrog broad strokes, tab sis ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus me me. Nyob rau hauv 1945, Charushin tau los ua tus Honored Artist ntawm RSFSR.

Phau ntawv kawg uas nws tau piav qhia yog "Cov Me Nyuam hauv Cage" los ntawm Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak. Charushin tej hauj lwm tam sim no tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub qub USSR, nrog rau ntau lub teb chaws txawv teb chaws. Nws prints, illustrations, phau ntawv, porcelain sculpture tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv exhibitions Paris, London, Sofia. Tag nrho cov kev ncig ntawm Evgeny Charushin cov phau ntawv tshaj 60 lab luam.

18 Lub Ob Hlis 1965 Yevgeny Charushin tuag hauv Leningrad. Nws raug muab faus rau ntawm Theological Cemetery.