Russell txhais tau tias: biography, films, luag hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Russell Charles txhais tau tias (Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 1939 - Lub Kaum Hli 22, 2012) yog Oglala Sioux activist uas tau txhawb txoj cai ntawm Neeg Qhab Asmeskas. Koom nrog American Indian Association (AIM) hauv xyoo 1968, nws tau los ua ib tus thawj coj thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev teeb tsa ntau qhov kev tawm tsam uas nyiam tshaj tawm xov xwm. Cov txhais tau tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, tawm tsam rau kev lees paub txog cov cai ntawm Indians ntawm Central thiab South America. Nws tau ua haujlwm hauv kev nom kev tswv hauv nws haiv neeg Indian chaw nyob ntawm Pine Ridge. Txij li thaum xyoo 1992, Means tau tshwm sim hauv ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab. Nws tso nws tus kheej suab paj nruag album, thiab nyob rau hauv 1995 luam tawm nws autobiography. Russell txhais tau tias tuag rau xyoo 2012 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 72.

Russell txhais tau tias: biography

Means yug ntawm Pine Ridge Indian Reservation xyoo 1939. Thaum Russell muaj peb xyoos, nws tsev neeg tsiv mus rau San Francisco Bay Area. Xyoo 1958Txhais tau tias kawm tiav los ntawm San Leandro, California High School. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kawm plaub lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab sib txawv, Russell tsis tau kawm tiav ib qho ntawm lawv. Hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm xyoo 1995, txhais tau hais tias thaum yau me nyuam yaus - nws txiv yog ib tus neeg haus cawv, thiab Russell nws tus kheej tau dhau los ua neeg ua txhaum cai thiab tseem raug kev quav dej quav cawv, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws pom kev ua haujlwm hauv Asmeskas Khab hauv Minneapolis, San Francisco Chronicle. Xyoo 1967 nws txiv tuag. Tom qab ntawd, Means tau nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws Indian thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas thiab tab tom nrhiav haujlwm tas li.

Means koom AIM thiab tawm tsam

Xyoo 1968, txhais tau tias koom nrog American Indian Association (AIM), tom qab ib ntus, xyoo 1970, nws tau los ua thawj lub teb chaws tus thawj coj ntawm AIM, thiab lub koom haum tau pib ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm tsam. Hnub Thanksgiving xyoo 1970, txhais tau tias, nrog rau AIM cov neeg tawm tsam, tau koom nrog nws thawj zaug tawm tsam hauv Boston. Lawv ntes tau Mayflower II, ib daim qauv ntawm Mayflower nkoj. Xyoo 1971, txhais tau tias, ua ib feem ntawm AIM, kuj tau koom nrog kev ntes ntawm Mount Rushmore Hill (Rushmore Federal Monument). Rushmore nyob hauv Black Hills, thaj tsam ntawm pawg neeg dawb huv Lakota. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1972, txhais tau hais tias tau koom nrog kev tuav haujlwm ntawm BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) lub tsev hauv Washington, DC. Thiab xyoo 1973, AIM tau tuav lub zos Wounded Knee, tshaj tawm lawv txoj cai ywj pheej ntawm pawg neeg hauv nws. Qhov no tau dhau los ua AIM qhov kev tawm tsam nto moo tshaj plaws. Tshaj 300 Lakota thiab AIM cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb (FBI) thiab xeevcov koom haum tub ceev xwm. Kev tawm tsam tub rog tau ntev tshaj li ob lub hlis.

Indian kev nom kev tswv

Nyob rau xyoo 1974, txhais tau tias khiav mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm nws haiv neeg Oglala Sioux. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig kev xaiv tsa, Russell poob rau Thawj Tswj Hwm Richard Wilson los ntawm ntau dua 200 tus neeg pov npav. Tab sis cov neeg pov npav yws yws txog kev hem los ntawm Wilson cov tub rog ntiag tug. Tsoomfwv Meskas tau tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej thiab lees paub cov teeb meem hauv kev xaiv tsa, tab sis tsoomfwv lub tsev hais plaub tau lees paub lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Thaum xyoo 1970s, Means tau koom nrog lub rooj sab laj thoob ntiaj teb uas cov cai ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm tau tham txog. Ntawm Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, nws tau pab tsim lub xov tooj cua KILI thiab Porcupine Clinic.

AIM split

Hauv xyoo 1980, AIM tau faib ua ob pawg neeg sib tw. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog vim muaj kev tsis pom zoo ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum txog kev txhawb nqa rau cov neeg hauv paus txawm hauv Nicaragua. Txhais tau hais tias nws txoj kev txhawb nqa rau pawg Miskito (tom qab hu ua YATAMA) uas tau cuam tshuam nrog Contras. Txhais tau los ntseeg tias cov neeg Miskito raug tsom rau kev tua neeg. Qee cov tswv cuab ntawm AIM tau txhawb nqa Sandinistas ntawm tsoomfwv lub tebchaws, txawm hais tias lawv tau yuam ntau txhiab tus Miskito tawm hauv lawv thaj chaw hauv tsev. Minnesota-based AIM's "Grand Board of Governors" hais kom txhais tau tias kom tsis txhob tso nws tus kheej ua tus thawj coj ntawm AIM. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, lwm lub taub hau ntawm AIM tseem txhawb nqa nws. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 8, 1988, txhais tau hais tias nws tawm ntawm AIM, hais tias lub koom haum tau ua tiav nws.hom phiaj. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, AIM Grand Council of Governors, coj los ntawm Bellecour cov kwv tij, nug cov xov xwm "tsis txhob tshaj tawm tias Means yog tus tsim ntawm Asmeskas Khab Khab, tsis hais tias nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Asmeskas Khab. Movement." Xyoo 1993, AIM tau muab faib ua ob lub koom haum ywj pheej: Minnesota-based AIM Grand Board of Governors, uas tau cai nws lub npe (AIM), thiab Colorado American Indian Movement, uas txhais tau tias yog ib feem.

Lwm yam kev nom kev tswv

Kaum Ib Hlis 11, 2001 Russell txhais tau hais tawm tawm tsam Tsov Rog ntawm Kev ntshai ntawm DC tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1980, Russell pib txhawb cov nom tswv los ntawm Libertarian Party. Xyoo 1983, nws yog Larry Flynt tus pab cuam hauv nws qhov kev twv ua tsis tiav los ua Thawj Tswj Hwm Tebchaws Meskas. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1987, txhais tau hais tias txiav txim siab los koom rau hauv Libertarian Party tus thawj tswj hwm xaiv tsa nws tus kheej thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb, ua qhov thib ob (31.41%) hauv 1987 Libertarian National Convention. Xyoo 2001, Means tshaj tawm nws qhov kev xaiv tsa rau tus tswv xeev New Mexico. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pab neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, thiab nws tsis raug tso cai los koom rau hauv kev xaiv tsa. Xyoo 2004, Russell tau khiav los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Oglala Sioux, tab sis poob rau Cecilia Fire Thunder, thawj tus poj niam uas raug xaiv tsa pawg thawj coj. Xyoo 2007, Denver tub ceev xwm tau ntes 80 tus neeg tawm tsam, suav nrog Means, rau kev tawm tsam lawv qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub sijhawm Columbus Day parade, uas lawv tau hais tias yog "kev ua koob tsheej ntawm kev tua neeg."

Russell txhais tau tias: zaj yeeb yaj kiab

Pib xyoo 1992, txhais tau tias tau tshwm sim hauv ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab TV, thawj zaug ua tus thawj coj Chingachgook hauv The Last of the Mohicans. Russell Txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis Pathfinder (1996) starred li Arrowhead. Nws kuj ua si hauv zaj duab xis "Natural Born Killers" (1994). Nws piav txog qhov thib peb Disney feature zaj duab xis Pocahontas (1995) thiab nws cov sequel Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (1998), uas nws ua si leej txiv ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, Chief Powhatan. Nrog rau qhov muaj koob npe nrov hauv Is Taws Nem, ntau cov duab ntawm Russell Means tau tshwm sim. Nws kuj tau ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam hauv Access Software taug txuj kev nyuaj game Nyob rau hauv Killing Moon los ntawm Microsoft Game Studios. Russell Means tau sau ib daim CD hu ua Electric Warrior, uas nws daim ntawv lo yog SOAR. Cov nkauj no muaj cov yeeb yam nyob hauv Asmeskas thiab suav nrog Une Gente Indio, Nyob Zoo Koj, Hav Khab Khaub Ncaws, Pob Tawb Rau Peb Dawb thiab Indian Tsheb Mus Los. American pop artist Andy Warhol pleev xim rau 18 tus neeg portraits ntawm Russell Meane hauv 1976. Lub koom haum Dayton Art muaj ib qho ntawm lawv.

Means' mob thiab tuag

Lub Yim Hli 2011, txhais tau tias tau kuaj pom muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis nws tau hais rau Lub Koom Haum Xov Xwm nws tab tom ditching "cov txheej txheem kho mob hauv kev pom zoo rau kev kho mob Asmeskas Indian. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Means tau tshaj tawm tias ua tsaug rau tomotherapy, nws cov qog tau txo qis los ntawm 95%. Tom qab ntawd nws hais tias nws kho tau tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo tom ntej nws kev noj qab haus huvmob zuj zus thiab nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Hli 22, 2012. ABC News tau hais tias txhais tau tias "ua neej nyob raws li niaj hnub nim no Asmeskas cov tub rog Khab Khab raug liam ntawm kev cog lus tawg, sib ntaus sib tua kom rov qab tau av los ntawm cov neeg Khab, thiab txawm tuav caj npab tawm tsam tsoomfwv hauv lub tebchaws, hais lus rau lub tebchaws, hais txog qhov xwm txheej. ntawm cov pab pawg neeg pluag, thiab feem ntau yws yws." rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Indian kab lis kev cai. Russell Means muaj kaum tus menyuam nrog tsib tus poj niam sib txawv. Nrog nws tus poj niam thib tsib, Gloria Grant txhais tau tias, nws tau sib yuav mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.