Erich Kestner: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Erich Kestner (1899-1974), German kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg thuam, keeb kwm los ntawm Dresden, uas tau ua nws lub npe nrog cov dab neeg lom zem rau menyuam yaus thiab cov paj huam uas muaj kev lom zem.

Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog thaum yau ntawm tus kws sau ntawv los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hu ua "Thaum kuv tseem me". Tsis paub ntau npaum li cas los ntawm cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm muaj nyob hauv Web: tus tub loj hlob hauv Dresden, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos nws tau nkag mus rau tus kws qhia ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, peb xyoos tom qab, tsis ntev ua ntej lawv txoj haujlwm tiav, Erich Kestner cuam tshuam nws txoj kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov xwm txheej no yuav piav qhia los ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej hauv phau ntawv "Flying Classroom".

Lub tsev uas tus tub nrog nws tsev neeg nyob yog nyob ntawm Königsbrücker Strasse. Tam sim no tsis deb ntawm nws muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej. Kestner txiv ua hauj lwm ua ib tug eeb, thiab nws niam tau mus xyuas peb "lub luag hauj lwm": ib tug nkauj qhe, ib tug tu tsev thiab ib tug hairdresser.

Tus tub hluas hlub nws heev, yog li ntawd, txawm tias tom qab nws tawm hauv nws txiv lub tsev thaum pib Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1 (1917), nws tseem sau ntawv rau nws niam, sau ntawv kov thiab xa ntawv. Erich Kestner tau hloov txoj kev xav rau nws rau nws txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tus cwj pwm tsis hloov pauv txawm tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lus xaiv uas nwsdag rau nws tus txiv nrog lawv tsev neeg tus kws kho mob Emil Zimmerman. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tau lees paub, raws li qhov kev xav tias Erich tuaj yeem yog nws tus tub.

Tau raug hu ua tub rog, tus tub hluas tau kawm hauv ib lub tuam txhab ntawm cov phom loj. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov kev sim nyuaj heev rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Kestner thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim nws lub ntiaj teb kev pom.

Erich cov tub rog raug mob hnyav heev, uas ua rau muaj kev mob plawv rau yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv. Ib me ntsis tom qab, cov duab ntawm nws tus neeg ua txhaum loj, Sergeant Waurich, yuav tshwm sim hauv ib qho ntawm cov paj huam uas thuam, thuam German tub rog thiab cov neeg zoo sib xws uas zoo siab txhawb txoj cai no.

Kev ua haujlwm

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, Erich Kestner tau kawm hauv University of Leipzig, qhov uas nws nyiam cov tib neeg thiab kev kawm ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kawm tsis pub dawb, thiab lub hnab ntim khoob tau ua rau tus tub hluas xav txog qhov xav tau rau ib sab haujlwm, txawm tias "kub nyiaj" nws tau txais ua ntej.

Vim li ntawd, Kestner tau sim ntau yam: los ntawm tus neeg muag tshuaj tsw qab mus rau tus kws pab tswv yim stockbroker. Tom qab tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1925, Erich pib khwv tau nyiaj hauv kev sau xov xwm los ntawm kev thuam cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam hauv ib kab rau ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos, tab sis raug rho tawm ob xyoos tom qab. Ib tug tub hluas raug liam tias tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev sau paj huam "Hnub Zaj Nkauj ntawm Chamber Virtuoso", uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tseeb erotic.

Yuav luag tam sim tom qab cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, Erich Kestner tau tsiv mus rau Berlin mus txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv tib cov ntawv xov xwm, tsuas yog ua haujlwm ywj pheej hauv chav lis haujlwm. Sij hawm dhau mus, tus tub hluas tau dhau los ntawm ntau lub npe uas nws luam tawm nws cov ntawv: Berthold Burger, Melchior Kurz, Peter Flint thiab Robert Neuner.

Hnub no nws paub tias nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1923 txog 1933. Kestner tau sau ntau dua 350 kab lus. Tsis paub meej daim duab, vim ntau tus kws sau ntawv tej hauj lwm raug tua los ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1944.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1926 txog 1932. Cov ntawv xov xwm Beyers für Alle tau luam tawm me ntsis tsawg dua ob puas zaj dab neeg sib txawv thiab riddles rau menyuam yaus, sau los ntawm Erich thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe Klaus thiab Claire. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus txiv neej luam tawm nws cov ntawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub sij hawm, uas sai sai coj nws lub koob meej nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse lub voj voog ntawm Berlin.

Erich Kestner: tus sau phau ntawv

Thawj phau ntawv kws sau ntawv, luam tawm xyoo 1928, yog ib phau ntawv sau, zoo li peb tom ntej. Ib xyoo tom qab, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv prose tshwm sim: ib tug ntawm lawv (cov me nyuam tshiab "Emil thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam") yog tseem nrov. Ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab txawm tias cov yeeb yaj kiab me tau raug tua raws li nws, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua rau cov phiaj xwm ntawm thawj zaj duab xis hloov kho, raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, lwm yam me nyuam tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm: "Kwm thiab Anton", "Flying Classroom", "Ob Lots". Lub tsuas tshiab ntawm tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawmKev sau ntawv tseem ceeb, suav tias yog luam tawm xyoo 1931 "Fabian: zaj dab neeg ntawm tus neeg coj ncaj ncees"

Nyob rau xyoo 1933, Erich Kestner, uas nws cov phau ntawv raug hlawv ua denigrating thiab tsis pom zoo rau German tus ntsuj plig, raug ntiab tawm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv lub koomhaum tom qab ob peb lo lus nug los ntawm Gestapo. Tus kws sau ntawv, uas nyob hauv Berlin vim nws tsis xav tso nws niam, tus kheej tau saib "qhov hluav taws kub" ntawm lub square.

Vim li ntawd, hauv Thib Peb Reich, kev tshaj tawm ntawm nws cov haujlwm raug txwv nruj, tab sis Erich tau tswj hwm luam tawm ntau yam dab neeg tsis zoo hauv Switzerland.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev tsov rog, tus kws sau ntawv yuav sau ib zaj dab neeg txog nws thaum yau "Thaum kuv tseem me", thiab "Little Max" thiab "Little Max and Little Miss" (1957), mob siab rau Erich tus tub.

Kestner txoj haujlwm kawg, luam tawm xyoo 1961, yuav yog nws phau ntawv teev npe "Notabene 45".

Post World War II

Nyob rau xyoo 1944, Kestner lub tsev tau kub hnyiab vim yog kev foob pob, yog li thaum tsov rog dhau lawm, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsiv mus rau Munich, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm loj hauv chav haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos, tau hais hauv xov tooj cua thiab hauv kev sau ntawv cabaret.

Pom tau tias, ua tsaug rau lub neej ntxhov siab, Erich Kestner yeej tsis tau sib yuav, tab sis muaj ib tug tub, Thomas. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag hauv ib lub tsev kho mob Munich (Neuperlach) thaum Lub Xya Hli 1974 thiab raug faus rau hauv toj ntxas ntawm St. George.