2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Nyob zoo cov neeg nyeem! Kuv caw koj los so ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th style ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab ua raws li kuv kom tsom mus rau cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv tshiab. Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm, koj yuav nkag siab tias lub sijhawm Jonathan Swift tsim Gulliver's Travels for England ntawm xyoo pua 18th! Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tshiab tau muab rau peb nyob rau hauv plaub txoj kev taug kev ntawm British Odysseus - Lemuel Gulliver, thawj tus kws phais hauv av, tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj siab tawv ntawm lub nkoj caij nkoj ntawm Poj Niam ntawm Seas.
Xav txog thawj ntu ntawm cov ntawv tshiab, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau pej xeem. Shipwrecked Gulliver dhau los ua neeg raug kaw ntawm Lilliputians. Tus sau subtly ridicules deb-fetchedness ntawm lub tswvyim inter-party contradictions ntawm Lilliput: txog qhov siab ntawm lub luj taws, los ntawm sab twg mus rau tawg lub qe. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg "Gulliver's Travels" nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kos duab qhia tau hais tias qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ob tog neeg puppet confrontation ntawm bourgeois. Lub "tib neeg" ntawm kev ywj pheej haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws yog piav nrog ironyluv luv. Tom qab ntes cov yeeb ncuab nkoj nrog kev pab los ntawm "Tus txiv neej-Rooj", cov Lilliputians ces txiav txim siab tua nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tib neeg feem ntau ntawm cov neeg dwarfs, Reldresel, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm kev zais cia, muab "tsuas yog" rub tawm Gulliver lub qhov muag kom nws lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus rau zej zog. (Kev tsis lees paub cov xim ci ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm tus tswv tiag tiag, rau thawj ntu ntawm cov ntawv tshiab peb tau txais cov ntsiab lus zoo li no.) "Gulliver's Travels" denounces lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg Askiv niaj hnub rau Swift - "lub xeev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws." Tus kws sau ntawv tshem tawm nws lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, qhia meej meej tias qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua phem, kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau tus txiv neej. Tus kws kho mob ntawm kev ntseeg qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov dwarfs tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub xeev inhuman, hloov mus ua dab. Lemuel, siv lub nkoj hla tebchaws Askiv, khiav tawm ntawm lub xeev no ntawm cov neeg tua neeg me me.
Hauv ntu thib ob ntawm qhov tshiab, Gulliver pom nws tus kheej hauv Brobdingnag, lub tebchaws loj heev. Nws yuav zoo li qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv hauv daim iav, thiab txawm tias tus nyeem tsis paub yuav tuaj yeem kwv yees nws cov ntsiab lus rau qhov thib ob ntawm qhov tshiab. Gulliver's Travels, txawm li cas los xij, tsis lees paub lub tswv yim no nrog nws cov phiaj xwm ntxiv. Cov txuj ci ntawm tus poj Irishman pom cov xim tshiab rau nws cov palette ntawm no ib yam nkaus. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas bureaucratic lub xeev loj cuam tshuam txog cov kev xav tau thiab kev xav tau ntawm tus neeg yooj yim uas tab tom ntsib kev xav tau ceev. Lawv saib nws, lawv tham nrog nws zoo li ib tug liab, tab sis tag nrho nws lub siab nyiamntsib nrog lub "ingenuous naivete ntawm misunderstanding" ntawm cov loj heev. (Cov lus zoo kawg nkaus uas tus kws sau ntawv tau pom!) Ib tus neeg nyeem xav nkag siab tias "lub ntsej muag zoo" ntawm cov neeg loj tsuas yog pov thawj ntawm "kev ua si phem", piv txwv li, kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg tawv tawv tawv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, tom qab xws li daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim yog greed, hypocrisy, ambition, envy, voluptuousness. Cov lus kawg tsis tau tsim los ntawm tus sau tsab xov xwm, lawv yog los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Swift nws tus kheej, uas tau hais txog qhov thib ob "plunged tus huab tais rau hauv kev xav tsis thoob."
Rau qhov thib peb, Lamuel tau mus rau cov kob uas ya - Laputa. Qhov no yog kab tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Jonathan Swift's novel. Qhov no yog qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm kev pom ntawm lub neej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, raus hauv "xov xwm thiab kev nom kev tswv." Tseeb tiag, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st sawv tawm nyob rau hauv lub xeev kev npaj ntawm Laputa, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom, txawm tom qab luv luv nyeem cov ntsiab lus. "Gulliver's Travels" raws li kev nyeem ntawv kom ntxaws ntxiv tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg - "flappers" (hauv peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tshaj tawm), uas nyiam cov neeg zej zog rau cov khoom muag. Muaj lwm pawg neeg ntawm cov kob uas koj tuaj yeem paub tau yooj yim. Cov no yog cov projectors (peb hu ua "creatives"). Tau kawm leej twg paub qhov twg, lawv tuaj txog thiab pom tias qhov chaw ntawm cov kob ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, nws ua haujlwm, lawv pib hloov qhov no "ib yam dab tsi", optimize nws, coj nws mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm absurdity. Yuav ua li cas nws paub txog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub no! Koj xav tsav tsheb ntau npaum li casxws li kab tsuag hauv peb caj dab!
thib plaub thiab kawg ntawm Gulliver's odyssey xa peb mus rau thaj av ntawm cov nees, Houyhnhnms, raws li lawv hu lawv tus kheej. Lawv tau txais kev pab los ntawm humanoid creatures echo. Tsis zoo li koj, cov nyeem, uas txawm tias cov ntsiab lus no yog ib qho kev hais lus? "Gulliver's Journey" nyob rau hauv nws qhov thib plaub yog hu rau tib neeg kom tsis txhob ua rau lawv tus kheej muaj kev vam meej, ua tib zoo khaws cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws uas tau muab rau tib neeg los ntawm qhov xwm txheej: kev coj ncaj ncees, kev hlub, kev phooj ywg, kev ncaj ncees. Nws yog qhov qhia tau tias Lemuel Gulliver nws tus kheej, uas Houyhnhnms pib muab kev ntseeg siab los ntawm kev muab vaj tse nyob hauv tsev, tsis dhau "kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tib neeg". Nws raug ntiab tawm, tau tsim nyog ua ib tug ehu los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm nees.
Dean of Dublin Cathedral ntawm St. Patrick, Dr. Jonathan Swift tsis yog ib tug neeg ntxeev siab, tab sis yog ib tug pej xeem nrog nws lub siab loj rau tag nrho lub zej zog. Lawv hais txog cov neeg zoo li no tias lawv yog lub siab lub ntsws. Swift tau sau nws phau ntawv zoo thaum tig ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, rhuav tshem cov ciam teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm, canonical. Ib zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj, cov dab neeg ncig teb chaws, cov ntawv xov xwm tshiab uas muaj tag nrho ntawm kev thuam ntawm cov hauv paus uas twb muaj lawm - nws yog "pob zeb" tiag tiag, qhov kev xav uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov neeg Askiv hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Kuv xav cia siab tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws zaj duab xis adaptation ntawm "Gulliver" yog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, uas yog tos rau nws tus tswv, ib yam li "Munchausen" tos Oleg Yankovsky.
Pom zoo:
Koj tsis tuaj yeem xaj koj lub siab? Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov phau ntawv uas cov cim tab tom nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug hnub nyoog
Lawv hais tias koj tswj tsis tau koj lub siab. Tab sis tus phab ej ntawm cov phau ntawv yeej ib txwm coj cov lus nug nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab sim ua kom tsis lees paub cov axioms. Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm cov phau ntawv uas cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov phau ntawv tawm tsam nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej thiab nrhiav seb puas muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub siab. Lawv tau dab tsi?
Cov lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg zoo: cov ncauj lus, cov lus muaj tswv yim thiab lawv cov kws sau ntawv
Keeb kwm paub ntau lub npe ntawm cov neeg zoo uas nws cov lus thiab kev ua tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Tau ntau xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub neej nyuaj, peb tig mus rau qhov kev paub dhau los, sim nrhiav kev thaj yeeb los yog cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas txaus siab nyob ntawd. Cov lus ntawm cov neeg loj yog kub
Qhov kev txhais lus ntawm Tus Tswv ntawm Lub Rings yog qhov zoo dua: cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev xaiv, cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg nyeem
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab txhais lus ntawm tus Tswv ntawm lub Rings muaj ntau nplooj ntawv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov txawv heev thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev txhais lus. Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias cov uas twb muaj lawm "Qhia rau kev txhais lus ntawm lub npe los ntawm" Tus Tswv ntawm lub Rings ", sau tus kheej los ntawm Tolkien nws tus kheej, yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab-lus versions muaj nws tus kheej lub npe, thiab lawv tag nrho cov txawv markedly los ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus versions. ib leeg
"Prometheus": cov ntsiab lus, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, rov hais dua. Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Prometheus: cov ntsiab lus
Prometheus ua li cas yuam kev? Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm Aeschylus "Prometheus Chained" yuav muab rau tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm Greek mythology
Pierre Corneille, "Horace": cov ntsiab lus, cov cim, cov neeg nyeem tshuaj xyuas, cov lus thuam cov lus
Qhov xwm txheej "Horace", sau los ntawm Pierre Corneille, tau tshwm sim hauv Paris thaum ntxov 1640. Lub premiere tsis coj lub koob meej nyob rau hauv lub playwright, tab sis maj mam nws txoj kev vam meej nce. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv repertoire ntawm lub comedie Francaise ua yeeb yam, nws ntau lawm tiv thaiv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
