Lub Sijhawm hauv suab paj nruag: lub sijhawm qauv, cov ntawv thiab hom

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub Sijhawm hauv suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau. Hauv kev txhais lus, nws txhais tau tias "lub voj voog", "bypass". Feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov ntawv loj, tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv, lub ntsiab lus ywj pheej. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm yog qhia cov kab lus ua tiav (ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus) hauv cov khoom ntawm homophonic-harmonic ntxiv.

Homophonic-harmonic kev ntxhib los mos yog ib txoj hauv kev nthuav tawm suab paj nruag, uas ib lub suab yog suab paj nruag, thaum lwm tus tsuas yog mloog nws (ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas).

Nyob ntawm lub sijhawm hauv suab paj nruag

Muaj ntau, tab sis muaj cai faib lawv raws li tej yam zoo:

1. Los ntawm hom kev tsim kho:

a) square

• tus lej yog 8, 16 lossis 32;
• sijhawm uas muab faib ua 2 qhov sib npaug.

b) tsis-square

• expanded (thib ob kab lus nce);
• abbreviated (2 kab lus luv luv);
• symmetrical (ob lub suab paj nruag xav tib yam nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis ua raws li cov qauv ntawm squareness,Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb bar tuaj yeem yog 6 + 6, 7 + 7 bars).

c) lub sijhawm ntawm peb kab lus suab paj nruag; ua piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem hu ua Prelude No. 9, hauv E loj los ntawm F. Chopin; kab lus yog 4 bars txhua.

2. Los ntawm lub ntsiab:

a) rov

b) raug; hloov kho - kuj tau muab faib ua ob hom ntawm lub sijhawm: ntau yam (qee qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab lus hloov: kev sib dhos, suab paj nruag, hom, kev ntxhib los mos ntawm kev nthuav qhia); tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus tseem tuaj yeem lees paub; ib qho piv txwv yog sonata hauv D loj, 1st txav los ntawm J. Haydn; tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm ua ntu zus, nws tsuas yog hais tias lub ntsiab lus tau tuav ntawm qhov siab sib txawv; piv txwv ntawm ib lub sij hawm hauv suab paj nruag: ntu 2 ntawm concerto hauv Ib me me los ntawm E. Grieg.

c) tsis rov ua dua; nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, txhua kab lus muaj nws tus kheej cov khoom, thiab ob kab lus txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus; Raws li qhov piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem muab lub npe thib 2 ntawm L. Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata.

3. Los ntawm tonal tsim:

a) modulating; siv tshwj xeeb los ua ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj.

b) tsis-modulating.

Kev tsim kho

Ib qho ntawm ntau yam nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm sib haum xeeb hauv cov suab paj nruag yog qhov kev hloov kho uas tshwm sim hauv kab lus thib ob. Feem ntau, qhov sib txawv tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, uas ua rau daim ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm ntau zog.

Musical syntax - ib feem ntawm kev paub txog cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus suab paj nruag. Conventionally, tus kheej qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog hu ua kev tsim kho. Cov ntsiab lus no yog cais los ntawm ciam teb - caesuras. Nov yog nws cov cim:

• Siv lub sijhawm ntev.
• Pause.
• Kev sib txawv.
• Repeat.

Cov cim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm yog hom thiab qhov ntsuas ntsuas.

Cadences

Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm hauv suab paj nruag txhais tau tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li, ib lub sij hawm tshwm nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug symmetry ntawm ob kab lus uas nws muaj. Feem ntau lawv pib zoo ib yam lossis zoo sib xws, tab sis cov kev xav suab paj nruag no xaus nrog qhov sib txawv, ua tiav ntau dua hauv qhov thib ob.

Cadence yog kev sib haum xeeb uas ua tiav txhua qhov kev tsim suab paj nruag.

Feem ntau muaj kev sib koom ntawm ib nrab thiab puv cadences. Ces nyob rau hauv thawj kab lus kev xav xaus nrog ib tug tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob nrog ib tug tonic. Xws li kev sib raug zoo yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tseeb. Ua tsaug rau nws, lub sijhawm yuav tag nrho thiab tsim kho.

Qee zaum lwm qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog siv: tag nrho zoo meej thiab tsis tiav zoo meej. Muaj tsawg zaus, qhov kev txiav txim rov qab yog siv: zoo meej - tsis zoo, ua tiav - tsis tiav.

Kuj, cov ntawv hauv cov suab paj nruag qee zaum muaj tib lub cadence.

Metric puag

Lub sijhawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Ib lub hauv paus metrical rau, txawm tias tsis yog feem ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob sab Europe, yog squareness. Thaum siv nws, tus naj npawb ntawm cov voj voog hauv txhua lub sijhawm yog sib npaug rau lub zog ntawm ob: 4, 8, 16, 32.

Qhov tshwm sim no yog vim qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm lub teeb thiab hnyav ntsuas (lossis rov ua dua). Yog li, pawg me medaim ntawv loj dua - hauv 8, 16 thiab 32 bars.

Tau kawg, ntxiv rau cov qauv no, muaj lwm yam uas tau pom nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm ntau lub teb chaws. Ib lub sij hawm tsim yog tias qhov sib txawv tsis mus dhau ntawm ib hom ntawv thiab style. Cov cim qhia ntawm cov qauv no yog cov qauv ntsuas thiab cov khoom sib haum xeeb.

Metric qauv

Xav txog nws:

a) Lub hauv paus square symmetrical tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm kev nthuav cov kab lus thib ob. Lub sijhawm no yog hu ua txuas ntxiv, thiab nws kuj muaj ntau heev. Nws lub tswv yim yuav zoo li no: 4+6, 4+5, 4+7, thiab lwm yam.

b) Ntxiv rau lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv, muaj lub sijhawm tsis yog square uas kab lus thib ob luv luv.

c) Kuj tseem muaj hom kev sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm raws li kev ntsuas, uas tsis yog square zoo nkaus li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag no, thiab tsis yog kev kov yeej ntawm squareness.

Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm no yog qhov zoo rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. Tus lej ntawm lub voj voog yuav txawv: 7+9, 5+5, 5+7.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis yog square tom qab qhov kawg cadenza, tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem ntxiv cov haujlwm nrog ib lossis ntau qhov kev tsim kho uas yuav yog ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, thiab tsis yog chav nyob ywj pheej.

Harmonic warehouse

Yog tias ib kab lus tsis rov ua thawj zaug, tab sis muaj cov khoom siv suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb, lub sijhawm hu ua tsis rov ua dua (lub sijhawm ntawm ib qho qauv). Lawv yuav koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cadences.

Ntau zausrov qab nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv. Yog tias lawv cuam tshuam rau lub tsev khaws khoom sib haum xeeb, ces qhov kev tsim kho suab paj nruag xaus rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis yog lub sijhawm uas tshwm sim, tab sis tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj.

sijhawm nyuaj

Ntawm no yog lub npe ua ke ntawm ob lub suab paj nruag yooj yim.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv no yog txuam nrog European kev tshaj lij suab paj nruag, thaum nws tshwm sim hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm polyphonic thiab homophonic-harmonic styles.

Lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv suab paj nruag yog tsim los ntawm pej xeem thiab niaj hnub seev cev, nkauj thiab seev cev ib yam. Lub siab xav rau lub square tsim ntawm lub sij hawm kuj los ntawm no, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus uas seev cev suab paj nruag yog tsim. Thiab feem ntau, cov suab paj nruag ntawm Western European lub teb chaws (Ltalis, Fabkis, Austria) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv squareness.

Rau cov suab paj nruag Lavxias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntev yog tus yam ntxwv ntau dua. Organic non-squareness yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab classics. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm S. V. Rachmaninov thiab M. P. Mussorgsky.