Lub tshuab raj nplaim thiab nws cov nta

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub tshuab raj nplaim yog lub suab paj nruag ua los ntawm ntoo. Nws belongs rau tooj dag thiab belongs rau lub npe soprano. Lub suab ntawm lub suab yog hloov los ntawm tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kev ua si, qhib thiab kaw ntawm lub qhov nrog li qub tshwm sim.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

xyoob transverse flute yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim niaj hnub no, txij li cov twj paj nruag niaj hnub no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau (platinum, kub, nyiaj, npib tsib xee), qee zaum kuj iav, yas lossis lwm yam khoom sib xyaw. Qhov ntau yog tshaj peb octaves. Cov ntawv sau rau lub tshuab raj nplaim yog sau rau hauv treble clef, raws li lub suab tiag. Lub timbre yog pob tshab thiab meej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab register, lag ntseg nyob rau hauv qis register, thiab me ntsis ntse nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib. Lub tshuab raj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev kawm. Feem ntau nws ua ib qho orchestral solo. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cua thiab symphony orchestras. Kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv chamber ensembles. Symphony orchestras siv los ntawm 1 mus rau 5 flutes. Ntau zaus, lawv tus lej yog los ntawm ob mus rau peb.

Tool history

Lub tshuab raj nplaim tau paub rau noob neej ntev lawm. Qhov kev piav qhia ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm nws tau pom ntawm Etruscan nyem. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 100 lossis 200 BC. Tom qab ntawd lub cuab yeej raug coj mus rau sab laug. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho piv txwv rau ib zaj paj huam xyoo pua 16 yog nws tuav rau sab xis.

Hnub Nyoog Kawg

Lub tshuab raj hlais kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov kev tshawb fawb archaeological. Thawj qhov kev pom nyob rau hauv Western Europe hnub rov qab mus rau 12th-14th centuries. ad. Ib qho ntawm cov duab ntxov tshaj plaws los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv encyclopedia hu ua Hortus Deliciarum. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cov cuab yeej tau poob rau hauv kev siv tsis tu ncua hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab los ntawm Asia, los ntawm Byzantine Empire. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, kev tsim kho muaj ib feem, qee zaum muaj ob ntawm lawv. Cov cuab yeej muaj cov duab cylindrical, nrog rau rau lub qhov ntawm tib txoj kab uas hla.

Renaissance thiab Baroque

Lub tshuab raj nplaim tsis hloov pauv ntau yam hauv kev tsim hauv lub sijhawm tom ntej. Qhov ntsuas tau muaj ntau yam ntawm 2.5 octaves. Nws tso cai rau nqa tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm chromatic nplai nrog cov lus txib zoo ntawm tus ntiv tes. Qhov kawg nyuaj heev. Cov npe nruab nrab suab zoo tshaj plaws. Paub cov cuab yeej qub ntawm hom no tau khaws cia hauv Verona hauv ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hu ua Castel Vecchio. Lub sijhawm baroque tau pib. Thawj qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej tau tsim los ntawm tsev neeg Otteter. Nws tus neeg sawv cev, Jacques Martin, tau muab faib ua 3 ntu. Tom qab ntawd, muaj 4 ntawm lawv. Lub cev ntawm cov twj paj nruag, xws lifeem ntau muab faib ua ib nrab. Lub otteter hloov qhov drilling mus rau conical. Yog li, intonation ntawm octaves tau raug txhim kho.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, muaj coob tus li qub tau ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas. Raws li txoj cai, muaj 4 - 6 ntawm lawv. Cov kev hloov tshiab tseem ceeb tau tsim los ntawm Johann Joachim Quantz thiab Georg Tromlitz. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Mozart, lub transverse flute, uas muaj ib tug valve, feem ntau yog siv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tau pib nce sai heev. Cov suab paj nruag rau qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tsim txiaj dua. Ntxiv li qub, dhau los, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua si qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws.

Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv tsim. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub tshuab raj nrog tsib li qub tau nrov. Hauv tebchaws Askiv muaj 7 lossis 8. Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Austria thiab lub tebchaws Yelemes muaj ntau lub tshuab sib txawv. Ntawm no tus naj npawb ntawm li qub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 14 lossis ntau dua. Cov cuab yeej tau txais cov npe ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom: Ziegler, Schwedler, Meyer. Muaj cov tshuab valve tau tsim tshwj xeeb los pab txhawb qhov no lossis qhov chaw ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Viennese-hom flutes kuj tau tsim, lawv suav nrog lub suab ntawm G hauv ib qho me me octave.