2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Boris Bogatkov yog tus kws sau paj huam Soviet paub txog nws cov paj huam pem hauv ntej. Nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus phab ej ntawm Great Patriotic War posthumously - nws tuag hauv tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk, qhov chaw uas tus kws sau paj lug siv feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej, ib txoj kev, tsev kawm ntawv No. 3, thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj npe tom qab nws. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1977, ib tug monument raug tsa rau Bogatkov. Tam sim no cia tham ntxiv txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, uas tsis tau ua nws lub hnub yug 21 xyoos tsuas yog ob peb hlis xwb.
Boris Bogatkov: biography
Tus kws sau paj lug yug rau lub Kaum Hli 3, 1922 hauv lub zos me me ntawm Balakhta, uas nyob ze Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory). Nws niam, Maria Evgenievna, ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia lej hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nws txiv, Andrei Mikhailovich, nyob hauv kev pabcuam tog thiab feem ntau mus ncig ua lag luam.
Hauv tsev neeg Bogatkov, Boris yog tib tug menyuam yaus, thiab nws niam nws txiv mob siab rau tag nrho lawv lub sijhawm dawb rau nws. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias tus tub hluas tau kawm nyeem ntawv ntxov, thiab txij li thaum yau nws tau nyiam cov ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw zoo li no hauv tsev neeg tsis nyob ntev.
Xyoo 1931, Boris niam tau mob. Tsis ntev nws tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, los ntawm qhov chaw nwstsis rov los. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag, nws sau ntawv rau nws tus tub, thov kom nws tsis txhob quaj rau nws thiab loj hlob ib tug neeg tsim nyog.
Txiv mus rau Novosibirsk
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus hlub tshaj plaws, Boris Andreevich Bogatkov raug coj los ntawm nws niam tus npoj yaig Tatyana Evgenievna Zykova. Txawm li cas los xij, tus poj niam thiab nws tsev neeg nyob hauv Novosibirsk lub sijhawm ntawd, yog li Boris yuav tsum tsiv mus. Ntawm no nws nyob ntawm Oktyabrskaya Street, nyob rau hauv lub tsev naj npawb 3, thiab tam sim ntawd mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub 2nd qib ntawm tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 3. Bogatkov kawm theem nrab, tab sis adored keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ua ntau thiab ntau nyiam ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo. Mayakovsky yog nws nyiam sau ntawv. Ua raws li nws tus mlom, nws pib sau paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo. Maj mam, nws tej hauj lwm tau pib luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm phab ntsa, ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm Pionerskaya Pravda.
Xyoo 1933, Boris raug lees txais ua ib tug tho kev. Nws nquag heev hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub neej thiab muaj ntau tus phooj ywg ntawm nws cov phooj ywg.
Teen years
Boris Bogatkov muaj kev sib tw heev rau Tatiana Evgenievna vim nws coj nws mus thiab tsa nws ua nws tus tub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nco nws niam tuag heev.
Nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau nyiam ua kis las - nws tau mus ua luam dej thiab caij ski, mus ncaws pob, mus koom kev ncaws pob. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg paub tau piav qhia tias nws yog ib tug tub hluas uas muaj siab tawv thiab muaj kev sib tw ncaws pob. Boris tau txawv los ntawm nws tus cwj pwm ruaj khov, ua siab loj thiab lub siab xav. Zoo li ntau tus kws sau paj huam pem hauv ntej, nws tsis quav ntsej cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Yuav sawv ntsug rau cov tsis muaj zog los yogsib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua raws li qhov tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, nws muaj nws tus kheej lub tswv yim hais txog kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem, science, thiab paj huam. Nws nyiam sib cav txog ib tug neeg qhov chaw hauv pej xeem lub neej.
Youth
Boris Bogatkov tuav txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws txiv. Feem ntau tus me nyuam tub mus rau nws niam nws txiv hauv Achinsk, qhov chaw nws raug pauv vim yog kev xav tau.
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, Boris tau nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm txuj ci txoj kev, thaum tseem mus kawm cov chav kawm hmo ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau tso paj huam, nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj nws tau kawm nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv hmo ntuj, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyeem, ua ke nrog lub tsev kawm txuj ci.
Xyoo 1938, tus kws sau paj lug sau thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - "Kev xav ntawm tus chij liab".
Thiab xyoo 1940, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Komsomolskaya Pravda, pawg kws sau paj lug tau tsim, coj los ntawm Antokolsky, thiab Bogatkov tau txais nws. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, tus kws sau ntawv tau pib tshaj tawm hauv Siberian Teeb thiab Achinskaya Gazeta.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hluas nyiam Alexei Tolstoy, uas ua rau Boris nws tus khub.
Start of war
Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pib. Tuaj txog ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, Boris Andreevich Bogatkov hais kom xa mus rau nws lub tsev kawm ntawv davhlau. Tus tub hluas npau suav ntawm huab cua sib ntaus sib tua nrog Nazis, tab sis nws tau raug xa mus rau qib ntawm cov kws tshaj lij aviation. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem loj rau nws thiab tau xav txog hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Yog li nws sauTom qab ntawd hauv nws cov paj huam: "Yog li, Kuv yuav nyob ntawm tshav dav hlau, / Kuv yuav tsis nyob pem hauv ntej, tab sis nyob tom qab?"
Tab sis Boris tsis lees txais nws txoj hmoo thiab ua haujlwm pub dawb mus rau pem hauv ntej ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tus kws sau paj huam tau txais kev raug mob hnyav thiab raug demobilized rau Novosibirsk.
Ntawm no nws nrog nws niam yug los nyob rau hauv ib lub log me me. Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los tom qab raug mob, nws nquag sau ntawv. Tub rog cov ntsiab lus suab hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws hu kom cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab tawm tsam cov invaders.
Bogatkov pib koom tes nrog "Windows TASS", cov ntawv xov xwm "Krasnoyarskaya Zvezda", Boris cov paj huam thiab cov nkauj tshwm nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam satirical "Fire on the Enemy".
Soldier song
Cov paj huam ntawm Boris Bogatkov los ntawm lub sijhawm no tau dhau los ua neeg paub thoob plaws hauv cov tub rog. Yog li ntawd, ib zaug tus kws sau paj lug, taug kev ntawm ib qho ntawm txoj kev Novosibirsk, pom qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Cov tub rog tau taug kev los ntawm kev tawm dag zog, thiab tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj hais tias: "Sing." Thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus teb nws tau hnov: "Nyob rau hauv haiv neeg Trans-Ural Hoobkas / Tsim muaj zog, cov Nazis ntshai …"
Cov no yog cov lus ntawm ib zaj nkauj hais txog rab phom tshuab rab phom, tus sau uas yog Bogatkov. Cov tub rog dhau los, tsis muaj leej twg, ntawm chav kawm, paub tus sau ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, rau tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej, qhov xwm txheej no tau zoo siab heev.
Tau rau pem hauv ntej
Zoo li lwm tus kws sau paj huam pem hauv ntej, Boris xav nyob hauv tshav rog, thiab tsis zaum tom qab. Thiab xyoo 1942, txawm tias cov kws kho mob tau txwv nruj tshaj plaws, tus kws sau paj huam tau mus rau pem hauv ntej ua ib feem ntawm Siberian Volunteer Division.
Ua ntej tawm mus, Boris sauib tsab ntawv rau ib tug phooj ywg ua tub rog tias nws zoo siab heev thaum kawg rov qab los rau pem hauv ntej. Thiab tseem hais lus zoo rau Tatyana Evgenievna, uas, nrog kua muag ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag, pom nws tus tub saws, uas tau lees paub nws tias tsis muaj dab tsi txaus ntshai yuav tshwm sim rau nws.
Boris Bogatkov xaus rau ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Nws txoj kev faib yog maj mam ncav cuag txoj hauv kev mus rau Smolensk. Ntawm no Gnezdilovsky Heights, zoo fortified los ntawm cov Germans, thaiv txoj kev rau cov Siberians. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws fascist fortifications, raws li nws npog kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tub rog German.
Bogatkov cov tub rog tau xa mus rau cua daj cua dub Gnezdilovsky qhov siab. Tus kws sau paj lug yog ib tug tub rog thiab txib ib tug detachment. Ob peb zaug nws cov tub rog sim cua daj cua dub, tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam tau choked nyob rau hauv tus yeeb ncuab lub tshuab phom tua.
Tom qab ntawd Bogatkov tau sawv ntawm lub trench thiab mus tua, hu nkauj zaj nkauj nws sau: "Peb tawm ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm, peb tuaj ntawm cov teb ua liaj ua teb …" Lwm cov tub rog pib nce mus rau ko taw tom qab lawv tus thawj coj, khaws cov nkauj. Txawm hais tias poob loj heev, Siberian faib tau tswj kom tawg los ntawm German fortifications.
Kev tuag
Bogatkov yog thawj zaug tawg rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab lub trenches, kev sib ntaus sib tua tawg, thiab tus kws sau paj huam raug tua los ntawm rab phom phom tua tom qab. Kev sib ntaus sib tua xaus nrog kev ntes ntawm Gnezdilovsky Heights. Cov tub rog nqa lub cev ntawm lawv tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsho tshaj sab thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub birch. Cov uas muaj hmoo txaus kom dim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj ntawm no rau lub sijhawm kawg los hais lus zoo. Yog li ntawd lub yim hli ntuj 11, 1943, tus kws sau paj lug tuag.
Boris Andreevich Bogatkov: "Cov Txheej Txheem"
"Agenda" - tej zaum yog zaj paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau ntawv,uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Cov hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv 1941, thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau paj lug piav txog lub xeev uas ib tug neeg mus ua tsov ua rog, taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog kaj siab lug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab lossis kev nyuaj siab hauv zaj paj huam. Nws yog tag nrho permeated nrog kev xyiv fab thiab kev tshoov siab. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog li cas Bogatkov pom qhov kev tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej.
Pom zoo:
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
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Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm