Knightly cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog: sau thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Knightly cov ntawv nyeem yog thaj chaw loj ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws hero yog ib tug feudal warrior ua feats. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no: tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis los ntawm Gottfried ntawm Strasbourg "Lub Nkauj ntawm Roland", nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees - "Tristan thiab Isolde" (poetic tshiab), raws li zoo raws li lub "Neeg ntawm lub Nibelungs", nyob rau hauv Spain - " Rodrigo" thiab "Song of my Sid" thiab lwm tus.

Lub ntsiab lus "Knight's Literature" (qib 6) muaj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv yam tsis poob. Cov tub ntxhais kawm dhau los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim, yam tseem ceeb, tau paub txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus "Knightly cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab" (qib 6) tau nthuav tawm kom meej meej, xaiv, qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tsis nco qab. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb xav qhia nws nyob rau hauv kom meej kom cov neeg nyeem muaj ntauua tiav daim duab ntawm nws.

Knightly Paj huam

Knightly cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog tsis yog cov dab neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog paj huam uas hu nkauj rau qee tus poj niam ntawm lub siab. Rau nws lub hom phiaj, cov knights raug lawv tus kheej mus rau ntau yam kev sim siab ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv lub neej. Cov kws sau paj huam uas tau qhuas txog txoj kev hlub no hauv cov nkauj hu ua minnesingers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, troubadours nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Fabkis, thiab trouvers nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws no. Cov kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws yog Bertrand de Born, Arno Daniel, Jaufre Rudel. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Askiv ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monument yog cov ballads rau Robin Hood.

Knightly cov ntawv nyeem hauv ltalis yog sawv cev los ntawm cov paj huam lyric. Nrhiav tau tus qauv tshiab uas tau qhuas txog kev hlub ntawm poj niam, Guido Guinicelli, tus kws sau paj huam Bolognese. Nws cov neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws yog Guido Cavalcanti thiab Brunetto Latini, Florentines.

daim duab tub rog thiab poj niam zoo nkauj

Lo lus "knight" txhais tias "horseman" hauv German. Tseem tshuav ib tug tub rog, nws yuav tsum tau coj tus cwj pwm zoo, pe hawm tus poj niam ntawm lub siab, thiab coj kev coj noj coj ua. Nws yog los ntawm lub cult ntawm lub tom kawg uas courtly paj huam tshwm sim. Nws cov neeg sawv cev hu nkauj nobility thiab kev zoo nkauj, thiab cov poj niam noble kho cov hom kev kos duab, uas extolled lawv. Sublime yog chivalric ntaub ntawv. Cov duab uas hais hauv kab lus no lees paub qhov no.

Kev hlub hauv tsev hais plaub, tau kawg, yog qee qhov xwm txheej, raws li nws tau ua raws li kev cai lij choj hauv tsev hais plaub. Tus poj niam hu nkauj, raws li txoj cai, yog tus poj niam ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Thiab cov knights, nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws, tsuas yog fwm courtiers. Yog li ntawd, cov nkauj hauv tsev hais plaub uas txhawb cov poj niam txoj kev khav theeb, tib lub sijhawm nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev hais plaub feudal nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm kev zam.

paj huam zoo siab

Kev hlub hauv tsev yog zais cia, tus kws sau paj huam tsis kam hu nws lub npe. Qhov kev xav no zoo li tshee hnyo.

Tseem muaj ntau cov ntawv sau paj huam tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab kev sau ntawv feem ntau ploj lawm. Tab sis ntawm ntau cov paj huam uas tsis muaj xim, nco txog, cov duab tiag tiag kuj tshwm sim. Cov troubadours nto moo tshaj plaws yog Gieraut de Borneil, Bernart de Ventadorne, Markabrune, Jauffre Rüdel, Peyroll.

Nyob zoo paj huam

Muaj ntau hom paj huam hauv Provence, tab sis feem ntau yog: alba, canson, pastorela, ballad, lament, tenson, sirventes.

Kansona (txhais tau tias "suab") piav qhia txog kev hlub.

Alba (uas txhais tau tias "tag kis sawv ntxov") tau mob siab rau kev sib koom, kev hlub hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tau hais tias tom qab lub rooj sib tham zais cia, cov neeg nyiam sib tham thaum kaj ntug, txog nws txoj hauv kev, lawv tau ceeb toom los ntawm ib tug tub qhe lossis ib tug phooj ywg ntawm tus neeg zov.

Pastorela yog ib zaj nkauj hais txog kev sib ntsib ntawm tus tswv yug yaj thiab ib tug tub rog.

Nyob quaj, tus kws sau paj huam xav, quaj rau nws tus kheej txoj hmoo, lossis quaj rau tus neeg hlub tuag.

Tenson - ib hom kev sib cav txog kev sau ntawv, uas ob leeg koom nrogtus kws sau paj lug los yog tus poj niam zoo nkauj thiab tus kws sau paj huam, tus kws sau paj huam thiab kev hlub.

Sirventes yog ib zaj nkauj uas hais txog kev sib raug zoo, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: leej twg tsim nyog hlub tshaj - tus neeg tsis zoo nkauj lossis ib tus neeg nyiam tshaj plaws?

Zoo li no yog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm keeb kwm luv luv.

Cov kab mob uas peb tau hais yog thawj tus kws sau paj huam nyob sab Europe. Tom qab lawv yog cov German "singers ntawm kev hlub" - minnesingers. Tab sis lub ntsiab lus sensual hauv lawv cov paj huam tau ua lub luag haujlwm tsawg dua li hauv kev sib hlub, tsis yog kev coj ncaj ncees tinge yeej.

The chivalric genre

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, chivalric cov ntaub ntawv tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm chivalric romance - ib hom ntawv tshiab. Nws creation presupposes, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tswv yim kev xaav ntawm ib puag ncig lub ntiaj teb no thiab kev tshoov siab, nws kim heev kev paub. Knightly thiab nroog cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev sib raug zoo. Feem ntau, nws cov kws sau ntawv yog cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau sim los ntawm lawv txoj kev muaj tswv yim los ua kom sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib luag ntawm txhua tus ua ntej Vajtswv nrog ntau thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub sijhawm uas muaj nyob hauv kev muaj tiag. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees ua raws li kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tom kawg. Qhov kev coj ncaj ncees no, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chivalry nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog utopian, tab sis nws yog nws uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub tshiab.

French romance of chivalry

Nws yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Breton lub voj voog. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm lub voj voog no yog: "Brutus", "Erek thiab Enida", "Klizhes", "Tristan thiab Isolde", "Evain", "Zoo nkauj. Stranger", "Parzival", "Romance of the Grail", "Perilous Churchyard", "Perlesvaus", "The Death of Arthur" thiab lwm yam.

Hauv Fab Kis, cov ntawv nyeem medieval chivalric tau sawv cev dav. Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov chaw yug ntawm thawj chivalric romances. Lawv yog ib hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qub qub ntawm Ovid, Virgil, Homer, epic Celtic cov lus dab neeg, nrog rau cov dab neeg hais txog lub teb chaws tsis paub txog cov neeg tawg rog thiab cov nkauj zoo nkauj.

Chrétien de Troyes yog ib tus tsim ntawm hom ntawv no. Nws nto moo tshaj plaws creation yog "Ivein, los yog Knight nrog ib tug tsov ntxhuav". Lub ntiaj teb uas de Troyes tsim yog lub embodiment ntawm chivalry, vim hais tias cov heroes nyob rau hauv nws siv zog rau exploits, rau taug txuj kev nyuaj. Hauv qhov tshiab no, Chrétien tau qhia tias qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis muaj qab hau, tias txhua qhov kev lom zem yuav tsum muaj lub hom phiaj, muaj lub ntsiab lus: nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus poj niam hais lus phem, xa ib tug ntxhais los ntawm hluav taws, cawm nws cov phooj ywg cov txheeb ze. Yvain qhov kev tsis lees paub tus kheej thiab kev ua nom ua tswv tau hais txog nws txoj kev phooj ywg nrog tus huab tais ntawm cov tsiaj nyaum - tsov ntxhuav.

Nyob rau hauv "Tej lus ntawm lub Grail" tus sau no tau siv cov tswv yim nyuaj uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg. Lub feat ntawm "nyuaj" ntawm tus hero dooms rau asceticism. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev ntseeg ntawm kev ntseeg rau txoj kev cawm seej ntawm ib tus ntsuj plig, uas yog kev qia dub heev vim yog kev txhawb siab sab hauv, tab sis lub hom phiaj zoo thiab kev xav. Percival, tus phab ej ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tawm hauv nws tus hluas nkauj tsis yog vim muaj kev ntseeg kev ntseeg tsis meej, tab sis vim yog tag nrho cov kev xav hauv kev xav.tu siab rau tus niam tsev uas tau tso tseg txoj kev ntshaw xav pab tus kwv tus tij laug tus dab laug.

Knightly Romance in Germany

Lwm tus tshiab medieval nto moo, "Tristan thiab Isolde", muaj lub suab sib txawv kiag li. Nws yog raws li Irish cov dab neeg piav txog kev hlub tsis zoo siab ntawm lub siab hluas nkauj. Tsis muaj kev lom zem nyob rau hauv qhov tshiab, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev lees paub feem ntau thiab cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyiam tuaj ua ntej. Kev mob siab rau ntawm poj huab tais Isolde thiab tus tub hluas Tristan thawb lawv los tsoo lawv cov nuj nqis txij nkawm thiab vassal. Phau ntawv tau txais lub suab nrov nrov: cov cim dhau los ntawm txoj hmoo, txoj hmoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, kev sib hlub ntawm chivalry tau nthuav tawm feem ntau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm Fabkis txoj haujlwm: Heinrich von Feldeke ("Aeneid"), Gottfried ntawm Strasbourg, Hartmann von Aue ("Ivein" thiab "Erec"), Wolfram von Eschenbach ("Ib feem"). Lawv txawv ntawm qhov kawg hauv kev sib sib zog nqus kev ntseeg thiab kev coj ncaj ncees.

Ib tug chivalric romance hauv Spain

Hauv Spain, kev sib hlub ntawm kev sib hlub tsis tau tsim kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 16th. Tsuas yog ib tug paub nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th nyob rau hauv lub npe "Knight of Sifar". Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, "Curial thiab Guelph" thiab "Tyrant the White" tshwm sim, sau los ntawm Joanot Marturel. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Montalvo tsim "Amadis ntawm Gali", cov tshiab tsis qhia npe "Palmerin de Olivia" kuj tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam, ntau tshaj 50 nyob rau hauv tag nrho.

Ib tug chivalrous romance hauv ltalis

Knightly cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog ntawm lub tebchaws nocharacterized feem ntau los ntawm qiv cov phiaj xwm. Thawj qhov kev koom tes ntawm Ltalis yog cov paj huam "Kev nkag mus rau Spain", sau los ntawm tus sau tsis muaj npe nyob rau xyoo pua 14th, nrog rau "Lub Capture of Pamplona", nws txuas ntxiv, tsim los ntawm Niccolò ntawm Verona. Lub Italian epic tsim nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Andrea da Barberino.