Boris Kustodiev: duab nrog lub npe, piav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm, duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Boris Kustodiev yog ib tus neeg pleev kob nto moo tshaj plaws uas qhuas txog lub neej Lavxias. Qee lub sij hawm tus kws kos duab hu ua Lavxias Renoir, thiab Kustodiev cov duab kos nrog cov npe "Tus Tub Lag Luam rau Tshuaj yej" lossis "Shrovetide" yog qhov pom tseeb txawm tias cov neeg tsis tau hnov dua txog nws ua ntej. Yuav ua li cas lwm yam nto moo tej hauj lwm yog tus txhuam ntawm Boris Mikhailovich? Cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm Kustodiev nrog cov npe thiab cov lus piav qhia ntxiv hauv kab lus.

Short biography

Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev yug rau lub Peb Hlis 7 (Lub Ob Hlis 23 raws li cov qauv qub), xyoo 1878, hauv tsev neeg Astrakhan ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv logic, xibfwb ntawm kev xav thiab kev sau ntawv. Lub neej yav tom ntej tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj pib pom kev txaus siab hauv kev kos duab thaum tseem kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv parochial, thiab txij li hnub nyoog 15 xyoos nws twb tau txais kev qhia txuj ci los ntawm tus kws kos duab Pavel Alekseevich Vlasov. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, Boris Mikhailovich tau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts hauvPetersburg, qhov twg Vasily Savinsky thiab Ilya Repin yog nws tus cob qhia.

Xyoo 1900, tus kws kos duab tau mus rau lub xeev Kostroma - nws tab tom nrhiav qhov xwm txheej rau nws qhov kev tshawb fawb, thiab pom kev hlub ntawm nws lub neej, Yulia Efstafyevna. Lawv tau sib yuav tib lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1903, tom qab kawm tiav Academy nrog honors thiab ib tug kub puav pheej, Kustodiev tsiv mus rau Paris nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus tub hluas Kirill. Ntawm no Boris Mikhailovich kawm nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm tus kws kos duab Rene Joseph Menard, mus ncig teb chaws Europe, kawm thiab luam tej hauj lwm ntawm classical paintings ntawm Ltalis, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis.

Xyoo 1904, Kustodiev rov qab los rau Russia, tsis ntev tom qab ntawd nws tus ntxhais Irina yug los. Tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm ntau dhau los ua tus kws kos duab, xyoo 1907 nws tau los ua ib tus tswv cuab ntawm Union of Russian Artists, thiab xyoo 1909 - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Arts ua tsaug rau Repin's patronage.

Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom kev luam tawm ntawm daim duab los ntawm Boris Kustodiev hu ua "Ntawm Terrace", uas nws tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1906. Noj tshais ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab nws tsev neeg tau piav qhia ntawm no: nws tus tub Kirill ntsia ncaj qha ntawm tus neeg saib, hauv nruab nrab nrog lub khob - nws tus muam hlob. Sab laug yog nws tus txiv, thiab sab xis yog Kustodiev nws tus kheej. Tus kws kos duab tus poj niam Julia ua chav ntawm lub rooj kom tus nais maum zaum me ntsis Irina ntawm lub rooj zaum.

Hauv xyoo 1909, Boris Mikhailovich tau kuaj pom tias muaj qog nqaij hlav loj ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Tau ntau xyoo, nws tau ua haujlwm ntau dua, vim tias tom kawg, cov qog tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis nws ob txhais ceg tseem tuag tes tuag taw. Txij li xyoo 1912, tus kws kos duab tau txav mus rau hauv lub rooj zaum muaj log, thiab pleev xim rau hauvfeem ntau pw tsaug zog - lub rooj zaum tsis xis nyob sai sai nws nkees. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1913 nws pib qhia nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg New Art Rhiav, thiab nto moo tshaj plaws paintings los ntawm tus kws kos duab Kustodiev nrog lub npe "Tus tub luam rau tshuaj yej", "Shrovetide", "Portrait ntawm Chaliapin" thiab "Lavxias teb sab Venus". " tau pleev xim rau lub sijhawm nyuaj no.

Lub Tsib Hlis 26, 1927, 49-xyoo-laus Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev tuag. Nws tau pleev xim rau nws daim duab kawg ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, kov yeej qhov mob hnyav thiab yog li qhia qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kws kos duab tiag tiag rau kev kos duab.

Merchant for tea

Saum toj no hauv daim duab yog cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Kustodiev hu ua "Merchant rau tshuaj yej", uas nws tsim xyoo 1918. Nws yog nrog cov ntaub ntawv no uas cov lus qhia "Kustodian hluas nkauj" feem ntau cuam tshuam, uas lawv txhais tau tias puffy, dawb-skinned, portly thiab luxuriously hnav khaub ncaws poj niam.

Boris Kustodiev sau nws tus poj niam lag luam nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm nws tus poj niam hauv tebchaws, Astrakhan Baroness Galina Aderkas. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov zajlus - Galina nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug tub luam tus poj niam, nyob rau hauv ib tug velvet tiab thiab fashionable turban, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo siab mus ob peb vas haus tshuaj yej los ntawm lub saucer ntawm ib tug nplua nuj rooj ntawm terrace los yog sam thiaj.

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg yog qhov hu ua lub vaj kaj siab hauv tsev - noj zaub mov ntau, tus poj niam hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv nruab nrab, tus miv ntxim nyiam thiab thaj chaw zoo nkauj tom qab. Tus tub lag luam tus poj niam yog siab thiab nws tus kheej txaus siab, uas ua rau lub tswv yim tias nws yog tus poj niam ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub canvas zoo nkaus li me ntsis rau sab - tog twg losxav, los yog attentively mloog tus interlocutor uas tsis tau mus rau lub canvas. Daim duab yog pleev xim rau hauv cov roj ntawm canvas nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm impressionism, tso cai rau koj xav tias lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij. Koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab no hauv St. Petersburg State Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab.

Lwm cov tub lag luam ntawm Kustodiev

Ntawm daim duab hauv qab no yog cov duab kos los ntawm Kustodiev (cov npe tuaj yeem pom hauv qab), uas kuj piav qhia cov poj niam ntawm chav kawm no:

• "Merchant", 1915, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab.
• "Merchant Drinking Tea", 1923, Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum.
• "Merchant with a Mirror", 1923, State Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Cov no tsis yog cov phiaj xwm nrov nrog cov tub lag luam, tab sis twv yuav raug hu tsim nyog. Tag nrho peb cov duab kos muaj tib lub ntsiab lus xws li "Cov Tub Lag Luam ntawm Tshuaj yej": lawv piav qhia txog "cov poj niam ntawm lub neej", plump, elegant, zoo-groomed poj niam uas siv los ua neej zoo nkauj thiab tsis kam lees lawv tus kheej ib yam dab tsi. Ntawm daim ntaub thib peb, qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog lub ntsej muag ntawm tus tub lag luam uas nyuam qhuav nkag los hauv chav thiab khov rau hauv kev qhuas ua ntej pom nws tus poj niam zoo nkauj.

Plots with Maslenitsa

Ntawm tus account ntawm Boris Kustodiev - 3 paintings nrog lub npe "Pancake lub lim tiam". Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj no - ob qho tib si ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab kev ua tiav - tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1916. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov haujlwm loj ntawm Kustodiev tom qab kev ua haujlwm dhau los.ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov artist paintings, ib tug tag nrho-siv kev hlub rau Russia, neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab tub lag luam lub neej yog pom, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim duab no, tus kws kos duab bedridden outded nws tus kheej, zoo li yog sim los them rau qhov ua tsis tau tejyam nyob rau hauv ib tug lom zem hnub so. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab zoo nkauj no hauv Xeev Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Petersburg.

Muaj ob daim duab ntxiv nrog lub npe tib yam, pleev xim tom qab:

• "Maslenitsa", 1919, Joseph Brodsky lub tsev cia puav pheej.
• "Maslenitsa", 1920, Nizhny Tagil Art Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Cov duab ntawm xyoo 1919 zoo li yog ib qho stylistic thiab cov phiaj xwm txuas ntxiv ntawm thawj daim duab. Tib xim qhov tob, kos duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua tus cim, kev nkag siab ntawm qhov muaj nyob. Daim duab thib ob yog ntau dua li ib qho kev piav qhia thiab yog qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab post-impressionism.

Portrait of Chaliapin

Lwm lub npe rau lwm qhov kev paub zoo nkauj los ntawm tus kws kos duab - "F. I. Chaliapin ntawm kev ncaj ncees". Tus kws hu nkauj thiab tus kws kos duab tau qhia rau ib leeg los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Maxim Gorky, thiab ua ke lawv ua haujlwm ntawm opera "Enemy Force" (Kustodiev kos scenery thiab costume designs).

Los ntawm 1920 txog 1922, nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm dag thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb easel tilted saum txaj, Boris Mikhailovich tsim no monumental portrait txog 200 los ntawm 100 cm loj., nws yuav nws thiab coj mus rau Paris,tas li ua nrog nws, yog li tus kws kos duab tsim lwm daim duab - ib qho me me, ntsuas 99 los ntawm 81 cm. Tam sim no, thawj portrait tau nthuav tawm hauv St. Petersburg lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Chaliapin, thiab thib ob - hauv Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Russia.

Cov keeb kwm ntawm daim duab zoo ib yam li Kustodiev's "Shrovetide" ua haujlwm uas nws yuav zoo li ib qho loj ntawm daim duab zoo sib xws.

Stepan Razin

Ib qho duab zoo nkauj los ntawm Kustodiev hu ua "Stepan Razin", sau xyoo 1918, yog qhov nto moo heev.

Nws paub tias Stepan Razin, ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, yog tus nyiam tshaj plaws hauv kev coj noj coj ua tom qab kev hloov pauv. Boris Kustodiev tsis yog ib tug neeg txhawb nqa ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis nws tsis muaj dab tsi tawm tsam: tus kws ua yeeb yam nyiam Russia, tau txaus siab los ntawm qhov tshiab ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thiab yog li ntawd tau sau cov haujlwm, xav txais tos cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws li no..

Daim duab yog qhov nthuav heev rau nws txoj kev tsim kho - qhov chaw muaj lub hnub ci, thiab tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb - Stepan Razin, zoo siab sawv hauv nws lub nkoj, zoo li yuav caij nkoj mus deb ntawm daim duab. Ntawm no, tus kws kos duab cov txuj ci rau kev piav qhia lub sijhawm tau pom meej meej tshaj plaws - nws zoo li yees duab lub sijhawm tsis sib xws, mus ib txhis snatching nws tawm ntawm lub neej nrog txhua yam ntuj tsim thiab tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb.

Russian Venus

Txij li thaum tus kws kos duab tau nto moo tshaj plaws rau kev piav qhia tag nrho, tag nrho ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev xyiv fab, Kustodiev cov duab hauv qabLub npe "Lavxias teb sab Venus" zoo li destined mus rau qhov kawg hauv nws lub neej muaj tswv yim. Nyob rau ntawm daim ntaub loj, ib feem ntawm cov khoom uas tau nthuav tawm saum toj no, tus kws kos duab tus ntxhais Irina tau piav qhia thaum lub sijhawm da dej hauv chav da dej - nws lub ntsej muag, liab qab thiab poob siab ntawm cov plaub hau golden zoo li Botticelli's Venus, thiab ntawm nws txhais taw hauv daim ntawv. nplooj ntawm ib lub thawv ntawm xab npum yog ib hom cartouche "Lavxias teb sab Venus", uas tau ua zoo irony tshaj lub npe.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab yog zaj dab neeg ntawm nws tsim - xyoo 1926 tus kws kos duab yuav luag tsis tau tawm ntawm txaj. Thaum ib zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws tau yug los hauv nws lub taub hau, nws tsis tuaj yeem tos rau kev npaj ntawm daim ntaub, thiab yog li ntawd nws coj nws tus kheej painting "Ntawm Terrace", uas twb tau hais los saum toj no, thiab pib sau ncaj qha rau ntawm nws nraub qaum. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias Irina Kustodieva thawj zaug tau piav qhia ntawm daim ntaub "Ntawm Terrace" thaum muaj hnub nyoog li ob xyoos, thiab nws cov duab kawg tau tshwm sim nyob rau nees nkaum xyoo tom qab.

Daim duab yuav luag puas tsuaj: thaum dej nyab hauv Gorky Art Tsev khaws puav pheej, feem ntau ntawm daim duab raug ntxuav tawm. Pavel Baranov tswj kom rov qab ua haujlwm kawg ntawm Kustodiev. Nws kuj tau ua ib lub thav duab tshwj xeeb rau daim ntaub, kom ob qho tib si "Lavxias teb sab Venus" thiab "Nyob rau Terrace" muaj rau cov neeg saib. Tam sim no daim duab yog khaws cia hauv Nizhny Novgorod Art Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Bolshevik

Cov duab los ntawm B. Kustodiev, uas nws lub npe yog "Bolshevik", qee zaum ua rau cov neeg uas sim txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev xav ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Xyoo 1915 nwspleev xim rau "Portrait ntawm Emperor Nicholas II", thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1919 - ib tug loj Bolshevik taug kev ntawm txoj kev nrog ib tug liab chij fluttering. Qhov tseeb, rau cov neeg uas paub txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Boris Mikhailovich, qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nws hlub nws Motherland nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov manifestations, noj cov xwm txheej keeb kwm rau kev tso cai. Yog li ntawd, thaum huab tais kav, nws tau pleev xim rau nws cov duab, thiab tom qab hloov lub hwj chim - ib tug allegorical duab ntawm ib tug txiv neej tshiab.

Cov duab tam sim no nthuav tawm ntawm Tretyakov Gallery.

Tus neeg tsav nkoj thiab tus hlub

Cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg tshiab hauv lub zeem muag ntawm Kustodiev yog cov duab zoo sib xws ntawm xyoo 1920 thiab 1921. nrog tib lub npe "Sailor thiab sweetheart". Lawv piav txog tib neeg: tus neeg tsav nkoj uas muaj zog, ua siab loj nrog lub cigar hauv nws lub qhov ncauj thiab nws tus ntxhais qab zib, ntse hauv lub pluab boa, lub kaus mom ntxim nyiam, khau khiab fashionable thiab ib qho sawv tsis sib xws.

Cov duab no yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim dej rau ntawm daim ntawv. Tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau cov hauj lwm no: ib tug neeg ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm ib tug fashionista thiab ib tug neeg tsav nkoj, Kustodiev pom nws tus kheej lub tswv yim hloov pauv rau cov tub lag luam thiab cov tub lag luam, uas tam sim no tsis pom zoo. Ib tug neeg, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, xav tias cov duab kos yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg txog cov tub ntxhais hluas niaj hnub no uas tau hnov txog kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb.

Japanese doll

Daim duab ntawm tus kws kos duab Kustodiev "Japanese menyuam roj hmab" tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1908, nws piav qhia me ntsis Irina Kustodievathaum ua si nrog ib tug kab txawv Japanese menyuam roj hmab. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ua si txawv teb chaws yog lub neo-Lavxias architectural style ntawm lub tsev, pom los ntawm lub qhov rais loj.

Daim ntawv no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm Kustodiev qhov kev xav thiab, raws li tau hais los saum no, nws lub peev xwm, zoo li nws tau, los yees duab dab tsi tshwm sim. Daim duab tsis muaj cov lus sib sib zog nqus lossis cov ntawv sau, tab sis nws ntxim nyiam cov neeg saib nrog nws txoj kev ua neej nyob, niaj hnub simplicity thiab lub siab dawb paug. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias.

tus kheej portraits

Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm saum toj no thiab ntawm daim duab tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos los ntawm Kustodiev, uas nws cov npe muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• "Tus kheej-portrait ntawm lub qhov rais", 1899, Perm Art Gallery.
• "Tus kheej-portrait" 1904, Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Kazakhstan.
• "Tus kheej-portrait ntawm kev yos hav zoov" (daim duab tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm), 1905, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias teb sab.
• "Tus kheej-portrait nrog tus tub Cyril", 1909, tus kheej sau.
• Tus Kheej Portrait, 1912, Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

Ntawm cov canvases tus kws kos duab piav txog nws tus kheej.