Kab hlau rhuav. Theatre theem khoom siv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txhua tus neeg uas tau mus rau qhov ua yeeb yam nco ntsoov tias daim ntaub thaiv kev ua yeeb yam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv thiab theem tsim. Cov cwj pwm no tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb nrog kev txhim kho kev xav thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Thiab niaj hnub no cov ntaub thaiv theem tsuas yog ib daim ntaub ntawm ib txoj hlua, tab sis cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo nrog ntau yam nta thiab ua haujlwm.

History

Cov kab hlau rhuav theem tau siv thawj zaug hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Ancient Greece. Nws taw qhia qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Daim ntaub, raws li ib tug complex khoom, yog invented nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum lub theatre theem nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txav scenery tshwm sim, ntau thiab ntau qhov kev saib xyuas tau them rau theem tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tsim, thiab cov ntaub thaiv tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv hauv kev hloov cov duab, tab sis kuj muaj lub sijhawm nthuav tawm ntxiv.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, cov qauv tsim thiab kab hlau rhuav tau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua si. Qee zaum lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub thawv theem, kab hlau rhuav tau coj lub ntsiab lus tshiab thiab dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, teem designers ntau duatxhawb nqa qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsim theem no. Tej yaam num nyob rau hauv uas curtains tau npaj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov kev ua tau zoo tau dhau los ua ntau zaus. Piv txwv li, rau Lermontov's "Masquerade" ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, tus tsim ua yeeb yam nto moo A. Golovin tsim 10 daim ntaub rau txhua qhov kev hloov ntawm scenes.

Destination

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, daim ntaub thaiv kev ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv theem ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Nws tsis tso cai rau pom qhov tsim thiab scenery ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim pib, nws fences tawm ntawm theem rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov ntawm scenery. Tab sis, ntxiv rau, kab hlau rhuav muaj cov haujlwm zoo nkauj. Ua ntej, nws taw qhia qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhib daim ntaub yuav siv sij hawm tus saib mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm fantasy, lub sij hawm no nws tunes nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm conventionality thiab illusion ntawm lub theatre. Qhov thib ob, cov ntaub thaiv npog tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm qhov chaw kos duab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab txawm tias yog ib tus cwj pwm txawv. Piv txwv li, hauv "Hamlet" ntawm Taganka Theatre, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Sijhawm, Fate, Doom, thiab lwm yam.

Daim ntaub yog ib qho kev qhia ntxiv, piv txwv li? lub teeb draperies los yog stylized curtains tuaj yeem tsim qhov illusion ntawm qee hom av lossis chav. Txawm tias tsis muaj nws tuaj yeem ua tau qee yam kev kos duab - qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam niaj hnub tsis kam lees nws. Nov yog qhov kev xav ntawm K. Raikin "Satyricon" ua haujlwm.

Theatre, theem tsuas yog los ntawm sab ntawm lub auditorium nkaus xwb thiab txawm tias romantic. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nws invention, daim ntaub yog heevcomplex mechanism, uas dhau lub sij hawm tau zoo heev modernized. Ib qho kev tsav tsheb ib leeg yog siv los xyuas kom meej du, synchronous thiab uniform zawv zawg thiab kis ntawm daim ntaub. Thaum xub thawj nws ua hauj lwm ntawm phau ntawv traction, tom qab ntawm hluav taws xob, hnub no nws yog tswj los ntawm computer tswj.

Lub tshuab nqa-thiab-qis kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias txav ntawm cov qauv hnyav heev. Txhawm rau kom cov khoom sab nraud tsis txhob sway, cov lus qhia hnyav tau txuas rau lawv. Txoj kev tsim ntau tshaj plaws muab ob qho tib si zawv zawg thiab nqa lub zog. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntaub thaiv, ib txoj kev hu ua kev tsim. Nws muaj ntau ntau yam: linear, non-linear, cable. Niaj hnub no, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau siv los txav cov ntaub, uas yog tswj los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj.

Typologies

Ua tiav ntau txoj haujlwm, cov ntaub thaiv kev ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua ntau hom. Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm: raws li txoj kev qhib, raws li kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm, raws li keeb kwm tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm drapery. Koj tseem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub curtains los ntawm txoj kev tswj thiab traction, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no lawv hu rau phau ntawv, txhua yam, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob mechanisms.

Muaj kev sim cais cov theem draperies raws li cov khoom uas lawv tau ua. Yog li, velvet thiab linen curtains yog txawv. Tab sis xws li ib qho kev faib yog untenable, vim hais tias cov ntaub yog ib tug multilayer qauv uas muaj xws li ib tug txheej txheej, nrog rau ib tug puab, ntxoov ntxoo txheej, txhua tus uas sewn los ntawm txawv fabrics.

Views by open method

Nyob ntawm txoj kev txav mus los, xws li hom kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab xws li zawv zawg thiab nce-thiab-down curtains sawv tawm.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom zawv zawg yuav tsum muab qhov sib tshooj ua tiav ntawm theem los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntxhiab tsw loj - nkag ntawm ib lub canvas mus rau lwm qhov. Cov canvases yog mounted rau txawv rails, thiab thaum mus txog, ib tug los tom qab lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, zawv zawg mechanism yuav tsum xyuas kom meej lub synchronous txav ntawm lub canvases. Nws yog raws li ib tug tsav system.

Txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam, uas cov theem yog nws lub siab, ua kom cov ntaub thaiv kev tswj hwm ib txwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo: sai, du, synchronously thiab ntsiag to. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib tug zawv zawg kab hlau rhuav muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia ntau dua li qhov poob. Folds, atherosclerosis ntawm kev txav yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los qhia kev xav. Lub Bolshoi Theatre txaus siab rau cov ntaub thaiv zoo li no, qhov loj theem uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog zawv zawg canvas zoo nkauj hauv daim ntawv tapestry.

Txoj kev nqa thiab txo qis dua yog qhov qub dua qub. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ancient Greek theatre muaj ib tug kab hlau rhuav, uas, ua ntej pib ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam, poob mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov thiab sawv los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub spectacle. Kev txo qis yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tw; cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm ob sab tiv thaiv cov ntaub los ntawm viav vias.

Tseem muaj cov ntaub thaiv sib xyaw ua ke, uas ua ke muaj peev xwm ntawm kab rov tav txuas ntxiv thiab ntsug nqa-tso. Lawv sawv cevyog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv folding uas lub canvas folded rau hauv ib, ob, peb lossis plaub ntxiv. Cov qauv zoo li no tso cai rau koj kaw tsuas yog ib nrab sab sauv ntawm qhov chaw theem thiab yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntxiv.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo

Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub thaiv yog siv los tsim cov kev ua tau zoo, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus no lawv tau muab faib ua kev ua si thiab cuam tshuam. Cov kab hlau rhuav kev ua yeeb yam yog ib txoj hauv kev los kaw qhov chaw ntawm theem ua ntej pib ntawm txhua qhov kev ua thiab ua kom tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo. Cov qauv no yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv tsim mus tas li ntawm theem. Cov qauv kev ua si tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov scenography. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov scenery, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm pictorial overture, nyob rau ntawm xoom dav hlau ntawm theem. Game curtains yog tsim los tsim ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo, thiab ua ke nrog nws hauv cov style thiab ib hom ntawv.

kab hlau rhuav

Muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb uas tsim nrog lub teeb. Cov cuab yeej ua yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub ua rau nws tuaj yeem hloov qhov teeb meem nrog lub teeb los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, uas yuav ua rau cov ntaub thaiv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog kom pom cov khoom raug tshem tawm hauv huab cua. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim cov ntaub thaiv zoo li no: kab rov tav thiab ramp. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, kab ntawm tsom teeb yog qhia horizontally ntawm ib leeg. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm daim ntaub, nws feem ntau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov xim dub, velvet theem backdrop. Txoj kev thib ob yog muscov kev taw qhia ntawm nqaim kwj ntawm lub teeb los ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub proscenium mus rau lub qab nthab ntawm lub auditorium, uas yog upholstered nyob rau hauv dub velvet. Lub teeb kab hlau rhuav zoo kawg nkaus ua haujlwm ntawm kev thaiv cov theem los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, uas, thaum rov ua ntau zaus, tsuas yog txhim kho nws cov nyhuv.

Historical types

Tseem muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub, muaj npe tom qab cov yeeb yam uas lawv tau siv. Yog li, muaj ib tug Austrian qauv, uas yog txawv los ntawm cov rooj sib txoos nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm loj folds uas khaws cov canvas. Venetian ntau yam muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, nws tsuas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov kab ntsug ntxiv. Daim ntaub, hu ua "Italian", yog heev muaj nyob rau hauv classical theaters. Nws muaj ob ntsug canvases, uas nce upwards los ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam hauv qab no: kabuki, openwork, Wagner thiab Brecht curtains.

Tsim

Ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim, kab hlau rhuav, tau kawg, tuaj yeem tsim tshwj xeeb. Obviously, tus tsim ntawm theem yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam, raws li zoo raws li haum rau cov kev ua si ua si. Feem ntau cov thawj coj tsim cov ntaub thaiv tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov khoom tsim, ntxiv rau, cov chaw ua yeeb yam nto moo feem ntau muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntaub thaiv tshwj xeeb, uas dhau los ua lawv cov cim lag luam. Yog li ntawd, lub Bolshoi Theatre, uas nws loj theem yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug keeb kwm "golden" ntaub, siv ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab nyiaj txiag los kho cov khoom nto moo no. Ntawm Mariinsky Theatre kab hlau rhuav A. Golovin 1914 yog suav tias yog lub cim tseem ceeb. Ib yam li daim ntaub thaiv ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, tsim ua ke nrog kev tsim lub tsev thiab sab hauv los ntawm F. Shekhtel.