Keeb kwm thiab lub tswv yim ntawm caricature: dab tsi yog classical thiab niaj hnub caricature?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Caricature (los ntawm Italian) txhais tias exaggeration. Zoo ib yam li nws yog caricature, grotesque thiab lubok.

Caricature: yog dab tsi?

Art hloov tas li, ntau thiab ntau ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv tshwm. Caricature yog ib hom kev kos duab ntev ntev. Cov kws sau keeb kwm kos duab paub ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv no:

1. Cov duab lom zem uas cov nyhuv comic ua tiav los ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev siv cov txuj ci txawv txawv, kev sib piv thiab kev sib piv.

2. Ib hom duab nraaj uas piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo, kev nom kev tswv, keeb kwm xwm txheej lossis piav qhia qee yam ntawm tib neeg.

Tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Caricatures - nws yog dab tsi?", Nws yuav nthuav heev kom paub txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kos duab no. Thiab nws tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los.

Caricature txij thaum ub tau suav tias yog txoj hauv kev zoo heev los luag ntawm tus nrog sib tw, hais txog nws qhov tsis txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhia txog cov teeb meem tam sim no ntawm tib neeg.

Yog li, nws tau paub tias Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte tau ntxub Fabkis cov duab kos, uas sawv cev rau nws li tus neeg ntsias hauv lub kaus mom loj peb lub kaum. Tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog, Mikhail Kutuzov, txawm hais kom tsim ib lub tsev hauv paus tshwj xeeb kos duab, uas tau koom nrog kev tsim cov duab thuam Corsican.

Caricatures in pre-revolutionary Russia

Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, txhua qhov kev coj noj coj ua tshiab tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, lub aristocracy ntawm Russia tau paub nrog xws li ib hom kev kos duab li Fabkis caricatures. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hom ntawv no tau zoo sib xws nrog kev sau xov xwm. Ua ntej, cov duab kos duab lom zem tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab hauv qab lawv piav qhia txog dab tsi tau piav qhia hauv cov duab kos tau ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, qhov xav tau kev kos npe ploj mus. Cov txheej txheem kev kos duab tau zoo dua thiab nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau piav qhia ntxiv tias nws yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, tsarist censorship siv qhov kev tswj hwm nruj tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhim kho caricature. Dab tsi yog tsoomfwv saib xyuas tsis tas yuav piav qhia. Ib daim duab uas cov bureaucrats suav hais tias yog kev hem thawj rau kev nom kev tswv tsis pub luam tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm caricature raws li ib hom ntawv twb unstoppable. Cov duab caustic tshaj plaws tau dhau los ntawm tes mus rau tes thiab txawm rov sau dua.

Tab sis daim duab tas luav kuj hloov zuj zus. Ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm loj tau mob siab rau tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv rau cov lus lom zem. Feem ntau, cov cartoons tsis cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv, tab sis qhia txog cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua tsis tiav, cov tub lag luam me thiab tub sab tub nyiag. kuj nrov heev thiabcartoons uas tau los ua lub embodiment ntawm idle gossip, feem ntau tsis muaj lub hauv paus. Yog li, caricatures ntawm cov poj niam txav mus rau hauv lub voj voog ua yeeb yam coj ntau lub siab xav rau yav tom ntej.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thawj Lavxias teb sab lus tshaj tawm "Yeralash" tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev luam tawm ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Nevakhovich, uas feem ntau tsim cov duab kos rau tus lej nws tus kheej.

Caricature in the USSR

Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej, nrog rau kev kos duab, tau subordinated rau ib lub hom phiaj - kev sib ntaus tawm tsam lwm tus yeeb ncuab, capitalism, thiab kev ncaj ncees cov nqi ntawm kev tsim socialism. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov duab tas luav yog qaug dej qaug cawv, qaug dab peg, kab mob parasites, thiab petty hooliganism. Cov yeeb yam no tau raug thuam los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nrov thiab ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug totalitarian tsoom fwv, kuj muaj cov kev taw qhia ntawm underground caricature. Dab tsi yog kev tsim txom ntawm lub hwj chim, censorship, arbitrariness ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev nom tswv tshiab - cov no yog cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas cov kws ua yeeb yam tau sim teb nrog kev pab ntawm cov duab kos.

Modern cartoons

Tom qab USSR poob lawm, qhov xav tau tag nrho censorship ploj mus. Tam sim no yuav luag txhua lub ntsiab lus tau qhib. Tab sis kev nom kev tswv cartoons tau nrov tshaj plaws. Caricatures ntawm cov thawj coj niaj hnub no thiab cov pej xeem cov duab tau sau tag nrho cov xov xwm. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb nyiam cov duab ntawm qhov tsis zoo Vladimir Zhirinovsky. Tsis tas li ntawd, cartoons tau kos rau cov ncauj lus tshiab: cov neeg ua phem, oligarchs, cov kev xav tshiab ntawmkev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv. Tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv Is Taws Nem.

museums of cartoons

Txhua hom kev kos duab tsim nyog los muab cais tawm rau nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 2011, lub lom zem tsev cia puav pheej "Merry Stairs" tau qhib nyob rau hauv Voronezh. Nws tus tsim yog tus nrov cartoonist Ivan Anchukov. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ob qho tib si exhibitions mus tas li thiab ib phab ntsa uas txhua tus neeg nyiam cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg txawj ntse tuaj yeem tshaj tawm lawv cov haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, I. Anchukov npaj yuav qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm caricature. Cov neeg tuaj xyuas hauv tsev cia puav pheej yuav nyiam cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, uas muaj cov duab kos los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov paib kev lom zem, T-shirts thiab T-shirts nrog cov duab lom zem, cov ntawv tshaj tawm lom zem, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tus tsim ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej tuaj nrog thiab coj mus rau lub neej qub chessboard nrog cov duab tas luav rau nws.