2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Txawm tias cov ntawv e-phau ntawv tau nrov dua txhua hnub, lawv cov ntawv ib txwm muaj tsis tso lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshaj tawm feem ntau nkag siab tias, vim lawv cov nqi siab, cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog qhov qis dua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim li no, phau ntawv luam tawm thiab kev sib khi thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho tas li. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no yog kev sib koom ua ke. Dab tsi yog nws thiab nws qhov zoo dua li lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm phau ntawv tsim? Cia peb kawm.
phau ntawv khi yog dab tsi
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, nws tsim nyog nkag siab tias kev khi yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau.
Raws li koj paub, phau ntawv (hauv nws daim ntawv niaj hnub) muaj ntau nplooj ntawv txuas ua ke. Ncej lawvphau ntawv khi, uas yog qee zaum kuj hu ua lub npog, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis zoo ib yam. Cov cuab yeej no tsis yog kom thim cov nplooj ntawv, tab sis kuj yuav tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau kev tshaj tawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
Qee lub sij hawm lo lus "binding" hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub npog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov kev nkag siab no nws yog qhov tseeb dua los siv lwm lub npe. Qhov no yog "khi".
History of bookbinding
Hnub tseeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev siv phau ntawv khi tsis paub. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov no tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 2 AD. e. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siv ob peb puas xyoo ntxiv los ua kom tiav kev khi, ua kom nws zoo li niaj hnub no.
Thaum xub thawj, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhawm thiab tiv thaiv nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Vim li no, cov hlua khi tau ua los ntawm cov khoom muaj zog, nruj xws li ntoo lossis tawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lig kev cai tau sawv los kho cov phau ntawv nrog cov hlau thiab pob zeb, uas ua rau lawv kim heev thiab siv tsis tau rau feem ntau.
Nrog rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev luam ntawv, cov tshuab luam ntawv pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev kom nrawm thiab txo tus nqi ntawm kev khi. Hauv qhov no, cov phau ntawv tawv-txheej txheem tau hloov los ntawm cov duab los qhia thiab cov ntaub npuag rau ntau pua xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau tso tseg tsis tshua muaj, thiab lawv cov npog pib ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev qhia. Lawv pib sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub npe thiab tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm, nrog rau hais txog tus tshaj tawm, tsawg zaus - txog tus tswv.
Pib txij xyoo pua 18th, ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj, tsuas yognyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, muaj kev zam rau kev sau koj tus kheej cov tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, rau txhua tus tswv ntawm xws li ib tug "sau" ib tug tshwj xeeb khi tsim tau tsim, feem ntau siv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab.
Qhov zoo thiab khoom kim heev ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov phau ntawv tam sim no nyob ntawm kev peev nyiaj txiag ntawm lawv tus tswv. Piv txwv li, Pushkin tsis nplua nuj, yog li tus tsim ntawm cov bindings nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev qiv ntawv yog heev me me, tab sis txawv los ntawm durability. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus tswv tsev hauv tebchaws Lavxias, uas sau cov phau ntawv tsuas yog rau kev zam, skimped ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev khi rau kev pom zoo.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam, txhua theem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom luam tawm tau ua haujlwm, thiab tib neeg kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem no raug txo kom tsawg. Ntxiv mus, nrog lub advent ntawm paperback, tawv-bound phau ntawv tau ua keeb kwm. Txawm hais tias niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem xaj cov qauv tsim rau ib tsab khoom plig, ua los ntawm tus tswv manually. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav raug nqi, raws li yav dhau los, kim heev.
phau ntawv npog yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv ntawm kev khi li cas
Cov npog feem ntau sib npaug hauv lub ntsiab lus nrog lo lus "kev khi", thiab txawm hais tias ob lo lus no txhais tau tias sab nrauv ntawm phau ntawv, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Nws yog dab tsi? Cia peb kawm.
Cov npog yog daim ntawv lossis duab los qhia sab nrauv ntawm phau ntawv, phau ntawv sau, chaw muag mis nyuj lossis ib daim ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hlua khi yuav luag ib txwm ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav dua ntawm cov duab los qhia nrog cov ntawv, zaj duab xis, ntaub lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
Kev tsim qauv, ob lub ntsiab lus nokuj txawv ntawm ib leeg. Yog li, tsis muaj cov ntawv kawg hauv lub hau thiab, raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib daim ntawv txiav tag nrho. Thaum cov tsoos khi rau ib phau ntawv yuav muaj ntau qhov sib txuas ua ke. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho version ntawm nws - ib qho kev khi.
Vim yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, cov ntawv rov qab feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog cov ntawv nyuaj. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm flyleaf. Yog hais tias nws yog, nws yog paperback phau ntawv. Yog tsis muaj flyleaf, qhov no yog ib tsab ntawv khi.
Yuav ua li cas yog khi ua los ntawm
Ib txwm khi rau ib tsab ntawv muaj ntau yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib txoj hlua khi. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tib yam li daim duab los qhia. Nws ua haujlwm raws li lub ntsiab tiv thaiv npog rau tag nrho phau ntawv. Qhov no muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom: composite thiab ib-thooj.
Classic compound lub hau yog ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia cov ntaub ntawv, xim duab los yog yas, tsis tshua muaj tawv tawv. Nws muaj peb cov ntsiab lus: ob sab thiab ib qho backlog (ib daim duab los qhia txog qhov chaw uas cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv yog fastened - qaum). Lub indentation ntawm ob sab thiab lub lagging yog hu ua rib.
Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv, nws tag nrho ntxiv mus rau ib daim.
Txawm hais tias nws zoo li cas, lub hau npog txuas nrog rau phau ntawv thaiv (nplooj sau hauv phau ntawv sau) siv cov ntawv kawg.
Qhov seem peb sab ntawm phau ntawv, tsis txuas ua ke, hu ua trim: pem hauv ntej, saum thiab hauv qab.
Daim ntawv cim-kab kab xev nplaum rau qhov khi dais lub npelace.
Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yog khi npog ua los ntawm
Tom qab ntoo tsis tau siv rau hauv phau ntawv ntau lawm, tau ntau pua xyoo lub npog rau kev khi yog tsim los ntawm cov duab los qhia ntawm ntau yam thicknesses.
Txawm li cas los xij, txij li ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, yas pib sib tw nrog cov duab los qhia. Npog rau kev khi los ntawm cov khoom siv no txhim khu kev qha thiab tsis ntshai ntawm cov dej noo. Niaj hnub no lawv tau siv ntau heev hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas hla cov duab los qhia yog cov npog ntawm hom no tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm cov xim, tab sis kuj pob tshab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov tshiab no muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov yas npog tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, vim tias cov khoom no nws tus kheej tsis decompose thiab yuav tsum tau siv dua.
Txoj kev siv cov yas rau phau ntawv khi tsis yog hais txog cov ntawv tseeb lossis khoom plig, tab sis hais txog kev khi rau phau ntawv, phau ntawv teev npe, phau ntawv sau, sau ntawv, cov ntawv no thiab cov phau ntawv siv.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua cov npog ntawm phau ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv sau los ntawm silicone.
Hardcover thiab nws subspecies
Nws yog dav paub tias muaj xws li kev khi: tawv, mos thiab ib qho. Ntxiv mus, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej subspecies.
Nyob ntawm txheej txheej ntawm daim duab los qhia ntawm lub hau npog, muaj kev xaiv rau nws.
- 7БЦ (cellophane) - lub hau yog gluedkaw nrog laminated los yog varnished ntawv.
- 7T - cardboard npog nrog ntaub. Nws tuaj yeem luam tawm, lacquered, dyed lossis embossed.
- 7B - raws li txoj kev ua, cov subspecies no zoo ib yam li 7T. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, lub hau npog tsis yog ntaub, tab sis nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv xws li tawv tawv los yog ntuj, bumvinyl, balacron, thiab lwm yam.
KBS and ShKS
Xav seb hom kev khi dab tsi muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub typographic, nws tsim nyog them nqi rau cov subspecies ntawm softcover. Muaj ob tug.
- KBS - daim ntawv cog lus seamless. Tsis zoo li hardcover, nyob rau hauv no version cov nplooj ntawv tsis yog stitched, tab sis tsuas yog glued ua ke. Lub hau npog yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm thiab laminated ib daim ntawv los yog cov duab los qhia nrog qhov ntom ntom tsis tshaj 300 g / m 2. Txoj kev no yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab ua tau yooj yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv khi no tuaj yeem tsim kua muag sai, vim KBS tsis ntseeg siab heev.
- ShKS - sewing adhesive bond. Txoj kev no txawv ntawm KBS nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv uas cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv thaiv tsis yog tsuas yog glued ua ke, tab sis kuj stitched. Kev khi npog yog ua tib yam li rau KBS. Cov phau ntawv ua nrog BSC kav ntev dua KBS, tab sis kim dua.
Yuav ua li cas khi hu ua Dutch
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev sib koom ua ke tau dhau los tshwj xeeb. Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem hu ua "Dutch". Nws yog ib qho kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm cov mos mosthiab ruaj.
Nws peculiarity yog tias nrog qhov tsim ntawm kev tshaj tawm no, lub hau yog tsim los ntawm ib daim ntawm laminated cardboard nrog qhov ceev txog li 500 g / m 2. Vim txoj kev tsim khoom no, hom no muaj cov khoom ntawm ob lub hardcover thiab softcover tib lub sijhawm.
Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm phau ntawv npog tsim
Dab tsi tshwj xeeb ntawm Dutch khi?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws cov khoom lag luam pheej yig dua thiab sai dua. Tsis zoo li hardcover (uas yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev txiav thiab gluing), cov phau ntawv npog yog yooj yim dua. Nws yog txiav los ntawm ib daim ntawm laminated cardboard, uas tau qhab nia ntawm lub quav thiab tsis xav tau kev ua ntxiv. Qhov kev khi lus Dutch no zoo ib yam li kev khi mos.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li nws, lub npog ntawm cov khoom sib xws yog tuab heev thiab tsis zoo li txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov sib dua (los ntawm qhov hnyav) thiab tsis tshua muaj zog, tab sis tseem tshaj qhov muag ShKS hauv kev ntseeg tau.
Kev ntseeg tau, pheej yig thiab yooj yim ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev tsim lub npog ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tso cai rau nws los ua ib tus neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hauv ob peb xyoos. Hais txog qhov no, hauv qee lub tebchaws muaj kev lig kev cai los luam cov phau ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis yog nyuaj, tab sis hauv ib lub npog. Yog li, qhov hnyav ntawm cov phau ntawv uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv nqa hauv lawv lub hnab ntawv tau poob qis, nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam qaum.
Ntxhais hmoob channel
Ntxiv rau peb lub npe nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub notxoj kev tsim phau ntawv npog, kuj tseem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev nruab nrab uas tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - pib ntawm 21st centuries.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev sib khi channel. Cov nplooj ntawv hauv qhov no tsis yog stapled, glued los yog perforated. Ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb, lawv tau muab khi rau hauv lub hau thiab rau ib leeg siv U-shaped hlau channel.
Yog li, koj tuaj yeem khi cov ntaub ntawv nrog ob qho tib si tawv thiab mos npog lossis npog yas.
Phau ntawv thiab notepads nrog cov yas thiab hlau
Ntawm cov pheej yig tshaj thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm phau ntawv khi yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav khi. Nws tuaj yeem yog hlau lossis yas. Ib tsab ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tsis muaj tus txha nraub qaum - nws qhov chaw yog coj los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas yog stretched los ntawm perforations nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv. Rau kev xaws khaub ncaws, xav tau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lub qhov thiab xaws lawv.
Cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawv qhia feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev no.
Stapling nrog hlau staples
Yog tias phau ntawv me me hauv ntim thiab hom, nws raug khi siv daim ntawv tsis tu ncua lossis daim duab los qhia (tsis muaj flyleaf). Raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tau nrawm nrog ob lub staples, zoo ib yam li cov ntawv sau. Qhov no yog txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj los khi cov phau ntawv, txawm hais tias nws tsuas yog haum rau cov ntim me me xwb.
Pom zoo:
Suav cov ntaub ntawv: kev mus ncig luv luv rau hauv keeb kwm, hom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Suav niaj hnub
Cov ntawv suav suav yog ib daim duab qub tshaj plaws, nws keeb kwm rov qab mus rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob deb ntawm lub Shang Dynasty, ib txhij nrog cov tsos ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua buts - "cov lus qhia hmoov zoo", thiab thoob plaws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob tau hloov tas li. Cov qauv hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Suav cov ntaub ntawv yog tas mus li - txawm tias cov phau ntawv raug rhuav tshem, ces qhov no yeej tau ua raws li kev kho dua tshiab, uas tau suav tias yog dawb huv hauv Suav teb
Teen cov ntaub ntawv: cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom ntawv. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav
Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tsim cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ib tug menyuam yaus uas nyeem ntau yam sib txawv thaum kawg tau txais nws tus kheej saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb, pom ntau yam ntawm txoj hmoo thiab lub sijhawm. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog no cov lus nug zoo siab tau nug thawj zaug, kev hlub thawj zaug paub, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej tshwm sim uas ua rau kom nkag siab txog lub ntiaj teb no txawv
Cov ntawv nyeem Baroque - yog dab tsi? Stylistic nta ntawm baroque ntaub ntawv. Baroque ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia: piv txwv, sau ntawv
Baroque yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Txhais los ntawm Italian, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "bizarre", "strange". Qhov kev taw qhia no tau kov ntau hom kev kos duab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, architecture. Thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv baroque?
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem - lub tswv yim no yog dab tsi? Hom, hom thiab piv txwv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho lub ntsiab lus yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb: kev tawm tsam, kev sib cav ntawm kev txaus siab thiab tus cwj pwm, kev xav sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab sau ntawv, thiab tom qab nws, zoo li phau ntawv qhia, zaj dab neeg tsim
Kev tsom xam ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky zaj paj huam "Cov ntaub npog npog"
Vladimir Mayakovsky yog qhov tshwm sim zoo hauv kev kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tus neeg tsim kho tshiab thiab hloov kho uas tig lub ntiaj teb ntawm paj huam upside down. Nws muaj txoj hmoo zoo thiab muaj tswv yim zoo. Nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov xyoo, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub voj voog Futurist, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau nws. Cov tub ntxhais hluas, ua siab tawv thiab ua siab tawv kws sau paj lug tau tawm tsam cov tswv yim tsim los ntawm kev kos duab, ua txhua yam kom "pov Pushkin tawm ntawm lub nkoj ntawm niaj hnub"
