2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhais cov lus comic. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj los nthuav tawm, tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub neej, thiab nrog luag zoo tib yam. Kev lom zem hauv cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov lus hais, hauv cov phiaj xwm txav (thaum tus phab ej, piv txwv li, pom nws tus kheej hauv qee qhov xwm txheej lom zem) lossis tus cwj pwm (tsis txaus ntseeg tus kheej ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis sib haum xeeb. kev xav).
Tau kawg, luag txawv. Satire thiab lom zem hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Yog hais tias thawj tus qhia kom luag ua siab zoo rau tus phab ej ntawm zaj dab neeg luv luv lossis ib qho tshiab, ces tus thib ob nyiam ua phem rau cov cim thiab kev ua phem. Thiab deb ntawm cov dab neeg zoo siab ntawm Shukshin, thaum ntxov Chekhov - zoo li los ntawm Swift's pamphlets - lub grotesque nrog phantasmagoric interweaving ntawm incompatible. Zoo mloog kawg li os.
Hmoob hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog…
hom comic no suav tias yog ntau yam tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li satire, nws yog siab zoo, zoo-natured, txawm hais tias tsis devoid ntawm ib co poignancy. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog pab tus cwj pwm kom tshem tawm ntawm nws qhov tsis zoo. Kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib tug series ntawm comic xwm txheej, tsis txaus ntseeg yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus phab ej tsis poob nws qhov ntxim nyiam vim lawv, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua hauv Dead Souls lossis Keeb Kwm ntawm Lub Nroog. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhov no. Sancho Panza yog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo li no. Nws nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tag nrho: nws yog ib tug neeg siab tawv, ib txwm coj los ntawm nws cov neeg ua liaj ua teb prudence, yog li ntawd nws tsis cia nws ua phem rau nws tus kheej.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom zem yog thaum koj ua siab zoo luag rau ib tug neeg, koj tsis pom tias koj pib mloog koj qhov tsis txaus, koj sim kho lawv. Kev siv cov comic zoo li no tso cai rau koj kom pom cov neeg txawj ntse hauv kev vwm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov tsis tseem ceeb, thiab nthuav tawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev coj ua. Tsis muaj ib tus neeg ib txwm muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob yam tsis muaj kev lom zem, txawm tias nws muaj ntau yam tsis zoo nyob hauv qhov chaw. Raws li Remarque ib zaug hais, peb luag thiab tso dag tsis yog vim peb tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev lom zem. Tab sis vim yog tsis muaj nws peb yuav ploj.
Muaj ntau yam haujlwm uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lom zem hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no yog cov dab neeg ntawm Gogol, thiab, rau qee qhov, ua yeeb yam ntawm Ostrovsky, Chekhov. Soviet cov ntaub ntawv muab rau peb Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv (cov nto moo "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer").
Irony
Irony yog qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, thaum, qhov tseeb, lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm cov lus tau muab zais tom qab nws sab nraud zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, luag twb noj cov xim iab. Sib piv cov piv txwv saum toj no ntawm kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv ntawm irony nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm Nekrasov cov paj huam. Yog, hauv"Calistrate" comic nyhuv yog raws li qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm leej niam cov lus cog tseg tias nws tus me nyuam yuav nyob kaj siab lug, thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus tub neeg ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawd.
Yuav kom ntes tau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov ntsiab lus ib txwm. Piv txwv li, Chichikov nyob rau hauv "Tuag Souls" hu rau tub ceev xwm thawj coj ib tug zoo nyeem ntawv. Nws zoo nkaus li tsis muaj dab tsi hauv nqe lus no uas tso cai rau ib tus neeg tsis ntseeg nws qhov kev ua yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg piav qhia txuas ntxiv: "Peb ua xuav nrog nws (uas yog, tus thawj tub ceev xwm) txhua hmo." Irony, raws li zoo raws li kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, yog convergence ntawm ob lub dav hlau, conditionally hu ua raws li muab thiab vim. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Dead Souls, qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov kev thuam yog siab dua. Tib lub sijhawm, xws li kev faib, ua hauv kev xav, tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li kev coj ua.
Satire
Yog hais tias kev lom zem hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev thuam ib txwm ntawm tus neeg, ces kev thuam yog tsom rau ntawm cov pej xeem lub neej uas tsim nyog rau kev thuam. Cov yav tas yog feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm caricaturing, exaggerating, depicting nyob rau hauv ib tug absurd txoj kev. Txhawm rau muab nws piv txwv, satire ua rau lub ntiaj teb tsis zoo tag nrho, ua txhua yam los tsim kho nws nrog nws cov kev pabcuam zoo tagnrho. Nws tsis yog nrhiav kev qhia ib tus cwj pwm zoo li lub neej, nws ntse, exaggerates nws, coj nws mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm absurdity.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev thuam yog Bulgakov's The Master thiab Margarita. "Griboedov lub tsev" tsim nyog tshwj xeeb derision, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj dab tsi tshuav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tag nrho cov qhov rooj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug "kev cai"Cov chaw tsim khoom tau dai nrog cov cim "ntses thiab dacha."
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm satire piav qhia vim li cas nws feem ntau yog embodied nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv tshiab. Nws yog qhov tshiab uas tso cai rau koj los npog ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev muaj tiag li sai tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, satire yeej ib txwm ua raws sijhawm. Yog lawm, yog tias tus neeg saib xyuas pib tsis lees paub qhov tsis tseem ceeb (lossis txawm tias tsis muaj) vices, ces nws tus kheej yuav txaus ntshai ua tus luag.
Sarcasm
Los ntawm Greek sarcasm yog txhais ua "raug tsim txom". Hom comic no yog ze rau irony, tab sis indignation yog qhib dua, denunciation yog pom tseeb dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Duma" tus kws sau paj lug sarcastically hais tias nws contemporaries yog nplua nuj los ntawm lub txaj nrog "kev ua yuam kev ntawm cov txiv thiab lawv lub siab lig." Sarcasm nquag siv hauv cov ntawv sau thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws.
Grotesque
Nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, Raphael thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm keeb kwm tau pom cov duab kos txawv txawv uas tau paub tias yog grotesque (los ntawm lo lus "grotto"). Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias cov nyhuv ntawm comic yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov tseeb thiab qhov zoo heev, txawm tias qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cia peb nco qab lub qhov ntswg uas ploj lawm ntawm Major Kovalev los ntawm Gogol zaj dab neeg lossis tus kav nroog nrog lub taub hau ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin tus tshiab.
Pom zoo:
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Cov ntawv suav suav yog ib daim duab qub tshaj plaws, nws keeb kwm rov qab mus rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob deb ntawm lub Shang Dynasty, ib txhij nrog cov tsos ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua buts - "cov lus qhia hmoov zoo", thiab thoob plaws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob tau hloov tas li. Cov qauv hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Suav cov ntaub ntawv yog tas mus li - txawm tias cov phau ntawv raug rhuav tshem, ces qhov no yeej tau ua raws li kev kho dua tshiab, uas tau suav tias yog dawb huv hauv Suav teb
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