Classical music hom: keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

"Classical music" thiab "suab paj nruag classics" yog ob qho qauv sib npaug, tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus, xav txog cov txheej txheem suab paj nruag, nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm thiab kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntxiv. Feem ntau lo lus "classical music" yog hloov los ntawm lo lus "kev kawm suab paj nruag".

History of Appearance

Txawm hais tias tsis hais cov ntsiab lus, cov suab paj nruag classic muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm classicism. Cov paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau ua raws li cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thaum ub, thiab cov txheej txheem no kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua suab paj nruag. Lub trinity - lub sij hawm, kev ua thiab qhov chaw - tau pom nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm opera thiab lwm yam suab paj nruas cov lus qhia cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Oratorios, cantatas ris lub cim ntawm classicism, ib hom qauv ntawm 17th-19th centuries. Cov kev ua yeeb yam opera tau dominated los ntawm libretto,sau raws li lub sij hawm ntawm antiquity.

Ua

Xyaum txhua yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag classic yog qee yam txuas nrog lub sijhawm ntawm classicism. Composer Gluck yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub hauv suab paj nruag, nws tau tswj xyuas tag nrho cov canons ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hauv nws cov haujlwm. Lub sijhawm yav dhau los tau txawv los ntawm kev sib npaug sib luag, lub tswv yim meej, kev sib haum xeeb thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag classical. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug demarcation ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, thaum polyphony maj mam tab sis pheej tsis kam lees, thiab ib tug yuav luag txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom ntawv coj nws qhov chaw. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov suab paj nruag classical tau dhau los ua kev kawm zoo.

Nyob hauv kev ua yeeb yam, cov ntu solo pib pom meej meej ntawm cov suab nrog, thaum yav dhau los tag nrho cov uas koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam tau sib npaug. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dominance enriched lub suab, lub libretto coj nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li daim ntawv, thiab kev ua tau zoo los ua theatrical thiab operatic. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam kuj hloov pauv, cov twj paj nruag solo txav mus tom ntej, cov nrog nrog khaws cia hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

suab paj nruag hom, cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv

Thaum lub sijhawm lig classicism, cov suab paj nruag tshiab "cov qauv" raug tsim. Classical music hom tau nthuav dav hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Orchestral, ensemble, solo vocal thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog symphonic pab pawg ua raws cov canons tshiab hauv suab paj nruag, thaum improvisation tau khaws cia kom tsawg.

Dab tsiDab tsi yog hom suab paj nruag classic? Lawv cov npe yog raws li nram no:

• variations;
• symphonies;
• opera;
• instrumental concerts;
• cantatas;
• oratorios;
• preludes thiab fugues;
• sonatas;
• suites;
• toccata;
• fantasy;
• organ music;
• nocturnes;
• vocal symphonies;
• xov tooj cua;
• overtures;
• musical masses;
• psalms;
• elegy;
• etudes;
• chorus as a music form.

Kev txhim kho

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, orchestras tau sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus txiav txim siab tus neeg sau ua haujlwm. Tus kws sau nkauj yuav tsum tsim nws txoj haujlwm rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, feem ntau lawv yog cov hlua thiab qee cov twj paj nruag cua. Tom qab ntawd, cov orchestras tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov, sib koom ua ke, pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho ntawm hom symphony thiab instrumental music. Cov suab paj nruag no twb muaj lub npe, tau txhim kho tas li thiab ncig xyuas thaj chaw ze tshaj plaws.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ntau cov lus qhia tshiab tau ntxiv rau cov npe ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Cov no yog concertos rau clarinet thiab orchestra, lub cev thiab orchestra, thiab lwm yam ua ke. Lub suab hu ua symphonietta, ib qho luv luv ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrog kev koom tes ntawm tag nrho cov orchestra, kuj tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd nws tau dhau los ua kev zam zam.

Tus sau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm classicism, Johann Sebastian Bach nrog nws cov tub, Christoph Gluck, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Italian thiab Mannheim opera tsim lub Vienneseclassical tsev kawm ntawv, uas kuj suav nrog Haydn, Mozart thiab Beethoven. Classical cov ntaub ntawv ntawm symphony, sonata, thiab instrumental pieces tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov masters. Tom qab ntawd, cov rooj sib txoos hauv chav, lub piano trio, ntau txoj hlua quartets thiab quintets tshwm sim.

Viennese classical suab paj nruag ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Classical era smoothly tsiv mus rau lwm lub sij hawm, lub sij hawm ntawm Romanticism. Ntau tus kws sau nkauj tau pib sau hauv kev ywj pheej ntau dua, lawv txoj haujlwm tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd mus dhau qhov kev kawm canons yav dhau los. Maj mam, qhov kev ntshaw tshiab ntawm cov tswv tau lees paub tias yog "tus qauv".

Kev sim lub sijhawm

Classical music ib hom ntawv txuas ntxiv txhim kho, thiab thaum kawg, txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv, cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas tau tshwm sim, raws li qib ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau muab los, nws tus nqi yav tom ntej. Suab paj nruag uas tau tiv thaiv qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm tau suav nrog hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj repertoire ntawm yuav luag txhua lub orchestras. Yog li nws yog nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dmitry Shostakovich.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th tau muaj kev sim cais qee pawg ntawm cov suab paj nruag hu ua suab paj nruag classical. Nws yog hais txog lub operetta, uas maj mam hu ua "semi-classics". Txawm li cas los xij, hom ntawv no sai sai tau ua ywj siab, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis xav tau.