Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Konstantin Fofanov: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws sau paj huam tsis yog lub ntiaj teb no, tsis tu ncua hauv lub siab tsis meej thiab lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev pom dab, hnub no yuav luag tsis nco qab - Konstantin Fofanov. Nws lub ntsej muag me ntsis sloppy, muab qhov zoo ib yam li tus neeg siab phem, tus neeg ruam dawb huv lossis ib tug neeg thov khawv, tsis tau muab ib qho laj thawj rau kev ntseeg hauv qhov ci ntsa iab. Qhov no duality tsis meej pem ntau, tab sis tsuas yog mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm thaum tus kws sau paj lug pib nyeem paj huam…

Ntxhais hluas nraug

Konstantin Fofanov yug hauv St. Petersburg xyoo 1862, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 30th. Kuv txiv yog ib tug tub ua lag luam me uas tuaj ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, tab sis tsis quav ntsej txog kev lag luam, nws poob nws txoj hmoov zoo heev. Tus kws sau paj lug yav tom ntej yog ib tug ntawm kaum tus menyuam. Vim yog tsev neeg muaj xwm txheej, Konstantin Fofanov tsis tau txais kev kawm zoo. Tau ob peb lub hlis nws kawm nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, ntev me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub nroog lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Tag nrho, tsuas muaj peb chav kawm xwb.

Test pen

thawj zaj paj huam uas nws sau, ua raws li Nekrasov. Poet hauvLub sijhawm no tseem tsis tau muaj 14. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau nws nyiam phau Vajlugkub, cov neeg uas zoo siab heev tuaj tawm hauv qab nws tus cwj mem. Nyob rau hauv 1881, ib tug zoo xws li paj huam nyob rau hauv lub assumed lub npe tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawv xov xwm. Sau nyob rau hauv 1885, "Lub Cim Nco Txog Kev Hlub" thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Observer" nyob rau hauv 1888, coj mus rau ib tug foob, vim hais tias cov phau ntawv journal raug kaw. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb yog qhov kev tshaj tawm pua pua. Tus kws sau paj huam twb tau muab luam tawm nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov duab luam tawm thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Novoye Vremya nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Suvorin.

Xyoo 1887, thawj phau ntawv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nrog lub npe unpretentious "Poems" tau luam tawm. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm mus yuav luag tsis pom los ntawm cov neeg nyeem lossis cov neeg thuam. Tsis yog nws tau txais qhov khoom plig Pushkin, qhov kev xaiv tsa uas tau pib los ntawm Polonsky. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom sau tau ua rau muaj kev zoo siab heev hauv I. Repin. Nws tau pleev xim rau Fofanov thiab yog nws tus phooj ywg ze txog thaum nws tuag.

Tab sis tom qab ntawd mam li nco dheev Nadson tuag, uas hu ua tus kws sau ntawv hluas "tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo dawb huv." Thiab cov poetic style ntawm Fofanov, ib tug txiv neej uas raug kev poob siab nyob rau hauv lub neej, tab sis tsis poob kev ntseeg, twb perceived raws li ib tug continuation ntawm Nadson lub suab paj nruag. Ntxiv mus, thaum nws lub neej, Nadson txhawb nqa tus kws sau paj huam thawj zaug sau.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov zuj zus mus, cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias nqe lus tau ploj mus thiab cov paj huam "kho tawm-txoj kev ywj pheej" tau nce. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, paj huam Konstantin Mikhailovich los ua ib tug romantic outlet. G. Byaly sau ntawv,hais tias qhov no yog ib qho amazing paj huam ntawm halftones thiab halftones, uas nws muaj peev xwm qhia lub xeev ntawm tus ntsuj plig, rushing ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev xyiv fab. Nws yog qhov tseeb xws li cov kab uas tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab uas ib tug yuav tsum nyob. Rau qhov no, Fofanov tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Leskov, Polonsky, Tolstoy, Maikov. Thiab cov cim Balmont thiab Bryusov caw nws los koom tes nrog lawv nyob rau hauv lub almanac "Northern Paj".

Suvorin, leej twg txhawb tus kws sau paj huam, luam tawm ob phau ntawv ntawm nws cov paj huam. Tag nrho nyob rau hauv tib lub npe tsis yooj yim. Phau ntawv thib peb los ntawm Konstantin Fofanov muaj lub npe "Shadows thiab Secrets". Nws tawm hauv xyoo 1892. Nws yog ua raws li los ntawm zaj dab neeg poetic "Baron Klaks", raws li cov neeg thuam, qhov no yog lub teeb parody ntawm "Eugene Onegin".

Zaj Dab Neeg

Xyoo 1887, Konstantin Fofanov yuav Lidia Konstantinovna Tupoleva. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj xwb, nws tau kawg hauv kev hlub. Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo yog romantic heev. Lida ntsib nws tus txiv yav tom ntej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14, ua ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv, zoo siab nrog nws cov paj huam. Me ntsis tom qab, tus kws sau paj lug muab cov kab "Cov hnub qub ntshiab, cov hnub qub zoo nkauj" rau nws.

Tub huabtais ntxim nyiam

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, Fofanov Konstantin Mikhailovich tau nyob rau ntawm cov decadents. Ib feem yog vim qhov kev sib cais thiab tsis kam lees txais qhov tseeb hauv kev pom zoo ntawm kev tsis pom kev thiab cov tswv yim zoo, tab sis kuj yog vim kev tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib sib zog nqus nroog.

Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam ntseeg tias tus kws sau paj huam muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tsim cov paj huam Lavxias. Tseem muaj txhais"Lub sijhawm Fofanov". Qhov no yog kaum xyoo ntawm nruab nrab-1880s thiab 1890s. Konstantin Fofanov, uas nws cov paj huam tau pom cov lus teb dav heev ntawm cov neeg nyiam sau paj huam thiab tau ua raws li lub siab nyiam ntawm tib neeg, pom ntau tus neeg xyaum.

Harbinger of symbolism

Tus kws sau paj huam ib txwm ntseeg tias nws xav tsis thoob qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj tseeb nrog cov tswv yim siab, uas nws cov paj huam yog qhov txawv ntawm kev tshaj tawm, kev xav thiab kev hais lus tsis saib xyuas thiab, tib lub sijhawm, kev nthuav qhia zoo nkauj. Thiab tus nyeem ntawv pom cov kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv nws cov kab raws li ib tug manifestation ntawm lub siab dawb paug. Muaj kev xav tias tus kws sau paj huam yog ib tug cim. Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov kws tshaj lij taug qab hauv nws cov paj huam txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm daim ntawv ib txwm mus rau niaj hnub. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas lub sij hawm "Fofan" sawv tawm, consonant nrog "twilight" era ntawm timelessness.

Ntawm nws cov neeg qhuas qhuas, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm A. Chekhov, I. Repin, A. Maikov, thiab tus kws sau paj huam Symbolist V. Bryusov tau hais tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam ntawm Fofanov. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov thawj coj ntawm cov qauv no tau hais nrog kev txaus siab txog kev cuam tshuam uas ob lub ntiaj teb cov lus ntawm Fofanov cov paj huam muaj rau lawv.

Nws ua rau lawv tsis nyiam me ntsis. Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim. Tom qab luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1895 ntawm ntau collections ntawm symbolists, tus kws sau paj lug lub era pib poob. Tsis muaj kev xav tau ntxiv lawm. Fofanov Konstantin sim redirect nws creativity. Muaj cov paj huam hais txog excommunication ntawm Leo Tolstoy, hais txog kev tshaib kev nqhis…

Kuv lub teeb taws tawm

Leo Tolstoy, uas suav tias yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm,pom tias nws nyob tag nrho nws lub neej nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem, ib puag ncig los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias Konstantin Fofanov, tus kws sau paj huam romantic, tau dhau los ua cawv. Koj tsis tuaj yeem khwv tau ntau los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Tab sis teeb meem tsis tuaj ib leeg. Tus kws sau paj huam ob tug me nyuam tuag, thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm no nws raug kev ntxhov siab.

Tom qab mob hlwb loj heev nws raug kev txom nyem xyoo 1890 thiab kev kho mob ntev, Konstantin Fofanov tseem sau. Txog lub sijhawm no, tag nrho tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Gatchina. Tus kws sau paj lug hlub tej chaw no. Ntawm no nws tau mus xyuas los ntawm V. Bryusov thiab I. Repin. I. Severyanin rov mus xyuas nws “xibhwb thiab vajntxwv” ntawm no. Nws muaj ntau zaj paj huam rau tus kws sau paj lug thiab nws lub nroog uas nws hlub: "Ntawm no tus tsar sau nws txoj cai thiab sau Fofanov cov paj huam …"

Paj huam, paj huam, zaj dab neeg thiab ballads los ntawm Fofanov tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv loj. Tus kws sau paj lug txawm npaj ob phau ntawv rau kev tshaj tawm: "Ethers" (cov paj huam los ntawm 1901-1906 tau suav nrog) thiab "Wings and Tears" (cov paj huam sau los ntawm 1907 txog 1911). Lawv luam tawm tsis tau.

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, tsuas yog sau "Illusions" thiab ob zaj paj huam pom lub teeb: "Tom qab Golgotha" thiab "Ib qho txawv txawv Romance" (dua, rov ua dua ntawm Pushkin nyiam, "Lub Tsev hauv Kolomna").

Lub 1905 kiv puag ncig, tsis lees txais los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, deprives nws ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem kawg. Kev txom nyem nce mus txog qhov txwv thiab nias nyuaj heev uas nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Fofanov luam tawm ib qho kev tshaj tawm txog nws txoj kev xav tau ntiav ua tus saib xyuas, tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab txawm tias tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv pem teb. Thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, tau tsav mus rau hauv ib lub ces kaum, nws sim muag kaum tsib ntim ntawm nws cov haujlwm tsuas yog ib txhiab rubles.

Nws lub neej tsis txaus siab thiab tsis meej pem qee zaum ua rausarcastic impromptu. Uas tsis nyob tsis muaj txim. Kev tso dag nrog kev qhib siab rau Alexander III tau tsav nws mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj hauv zos ob lub lis piam raws li kev nom kev tswv tsis ntseeg.

Thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab ntawm tus kab mob zoo li kho tau. Tej zaum yog vim li cas Konstantin Fofanov poob nws lub siab xav zoo, haus dej haus, hloov pauv nws qhov chaw nyob thiab thov lub sijhawm no. Biography ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tsis ntev li ntawd. Xyoo 1911, ib qho kev mob tshiab pib, cov tshiab tau ntxiv rau cov qub.

Tus poj niam, hauv kev poob siab, nug cov kws kho uas luam tawm nws cov phau ntawv kom nce nyiaj rau kev kho mob hauv ib lub tsev kho mob St. Tab sis txhua yam nyob rau hauv vain. Lub Tsib Hlis 30, 1911 Konstantin Fofanov tuag.

Kuv cov paj huam, zoo li cov cawv muaj txiaj ntsig, yuav muaj lawv tig

Zoo siab heev, tus kws sau paj lug sau ib zaj paj huam, yog tus hu nkauj ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub Tsib Hlis. Nws cov kab yog crystal ntshiab thiab melodious. Coob leej ntau tus tau teem rau nkauj.

Paj huam muaj tiag "Poetess", "hma", "Tus tub huabtais Enchanted", "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" evoke cua daj cua dub ntawm cov neeg nyeem.