2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Vadim Kozhevnikov - kws sau ntawv thiab sau xov xwm ntawm Soviet era. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub muaj ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog, lub ntsiab lus no yog tus naj npawb ib hauv xinesmas. Cov kws sau ntawv ib leeg tau tsim lawv cov masterpieces thiab tau txais khoom plig los ntawm lub xeev rau qhov no. Cov phiaj xwm yeej kov cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau muaj kev ua siab loj thiab kev hlub rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ib qho ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv Soviet yog USSR State Prize Laureate thiab Hero ntawm Socialist Labor Vadim Kozhevnikov (nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no). Hauv nws lub arsenal muaj ntau yam haujlwm zoo, uas tau sau hauv 9 ntim. Hauv kev sau ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv no yeej yog tus neeg txawj ntse thiab muaj npe nrov.
YVadim Kozhevnikov: biography
Nws yug los hauv cov lag ntseg Lavxias ua ntej kev tawm tsam Siberia - hauv Tomsk xeev ntawm Narym Territory hauv lub zos Togur - Plaub Hlis 9, 1909 hauv tsev neeg ntawm exiled social democrats. Nws siv yuav luag tag nrho nws thaum yau thiab hluas hauv Tomsk nrog nws niam nws txiv. Tab sis lub sij hawm tau los, nws fluttered tawm ntawm nws niam nws txiv zes thiab nyob rau hauv 1925 mus kov yeej. Moscow. Nyob ntawd nws nkag mus hauv Moscow State University ntawm Literary Department ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Ethnology, kawm tiav xyoo 1933.
Vadim Kozhevnikov ua nws thawj cov kauj ruam tshaj lij ua tus kws sau ntawv xav tau hauv xyoo 1930 los ntawm kev tshaj tawm nws thawj zaj dab neeg "Lub Chaw nres nkoj". Nyob rau hauv 1933, nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub Komsomolskaya Pravda ntawv xov xwm, ces ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nrov socio-political magazines Smena, Ogonyok thiab Our Achievements. Tau txais kev paub tsis muaj nuj nqis, rau xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1939, nws tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau Hmo Hmo. Ib xyoo tom qab, Kozhevnikov twb yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv ntawm lub USSR.
Tsov Rog
Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1941 kev thaj yeeb tau xaus tom qab Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees pib foob pob ciam teb ntawm Soviet Union. Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pib, thiab cov neeg uas tuaj yeem sib ntaus tsis tau tsuas yog nrog riam phom, tab sis kuj nrog ib tus cwj mem, tau tsim los rau hauv cov tub rog, kom lawv thiaj li yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm cov xov xwm kub ntawm cov kab hauv ntej, vim tias tib neeg tab tom tos ntsoov rau lawv..
Vadim Kozhevnikov tom qab qee lub sijhawm xaus rau ntawm txoj kab sib ntaus sib tua ua tus sau xov xwm ua tsov rog rau ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm pem hauv ntej. Xyoo 1943 nws tau los ua tus sau xov xwm rau Pravda Publishing House. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws lub neej kev ua tub rog, xws li rau ib tus neeg Soviet, thiab ntau dua li cov tub rog pem hauv ntej, yog kev ntes ntawm Berlin, thaum nws xa ntau cov lus ceeb toom kub los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej.
Tom qab tsov rog, lub neej maj mam pib ua nws txoj kev kawm, thiab Vadim Kozhevnikov los ntawm 1947 txog 1948 pib ua haujlwm ua tus editor ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab hauv Pravda ntawv xov xwm. Ib nrog1949 thiab mus txog rau thaum nws tuag, Kozhevnikov yuav tuav lub luag hauj lwm ntawm editor-in-chief ntawm Znamya magazine.
Txij xyoo 1967 nws yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm SP ntawm USSR thiab RSFSR, tus sawv cev rau XXVI Congress ntawm CPSU (1981), tus lwm thawj ntawm USSR Supreme Council.
Nws tuag thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1984. Nws lub cev raug faus rau ntawm Peredelkino toj ntxas.
Vadim Kozhevnikov: nthuav qhov tseeb
Ntau qhov kev hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lus xaiv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov xov xwm uas Kozhevnikov, tuav tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Znamya, xa mus rau KGB (raws li lwm qhov chaw - rau Central Committee ntawm CPSU) nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau. ntawm qhov tshiab los ntawm V. Grossman "Lub Neej thiab Txoj hmoo". Feem ntau yuav, cov ntawv sau tau thov los ntawm cov neeg kho los ntawm ib qho ntawm lub cev no. Kozhevnikov tus ntxhais tsis lees paub cov ntaub ntawv no. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws txiv tsis tuaj yeem xa cov ntawv sau rau "cov tub ceev xwm rau txim", vim tias nws tau sau nrog kev nkag siab txaus ntshai, qhov uas muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm Hitler-Stalin, fascism-communism. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ideological ntawm Central Committee. Muaj cov neeg uas txhawb qhov kev xav no, vim, tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj pov thawj lossis cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov no. Tab sis Solzhenitsyn tau sau rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws phau ntawv uas nws nco qab tias Grossman cov dab neeg tshiab tau raug txeeb tau los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm Novy Mir publishing tsev.
Kozhevnikov cov haujlwm
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Vadim Kozhevnikov tau nyob los ntawm cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tshiab, nws cov lus hais hauv ntej, uas nws tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, tau ua tiav ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb phau ntawv kuj tau tawm los ntawm nws tus cwj mem. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: "Shield thiab ntaj" thiab"Nyob rau Baluev" (nws yog nyob rau ntawm lawv hais tias cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm tib lub npe raug tua), raws li zoo raws li cov dab neeg "Rau kaj ntug" (1956), "Cog thiab yas" (1983), "Thaum tav su ntawm lub hnub ci. Sab" (1973.), nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thiaj li nyiam los ntawm ntau lab tus neeg Soviet. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg nyeem yog cov dab neeg: "The Great Call" (1940), "Flying Day" (1963), "Special Unit" (1969), "Military Happiness" (1977), "Yog" (1980), "Polyushko-field" (1982); dab neeg "Port" (1930), "Hmo ntuj Tham" (1939), "Hnyav Tes" (1941), "Dab Neeg Txog Kev Tsov Rog" (1942), "Txoj Kev Tsov Rog" (1955), "Txoj Ntoo ntawm Lub Neej" (1979), "Lub Peb Hlis - Plaub Hlis" (1942), uas kuj tau ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo ntawm tib lub npe.
Novel "Shield and Sword"
Yuav kom muaj lub tswv yim ntawm Vadim Kozhevnikov sau txog dab tsi, cia peb ua tib zoo saib ntawm txoj haujlwm "Shield thiab ntaj", uas tau dhau los ua khoom plig rau kev ua haujlwm tuag thiab ua yeeb yam zoo li Soviet txawj ntse thaum lub Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob. Tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg, ib tug hluas thiab kawm txawj ntse Lavxias teb sab txawj ntse tub ceev xwm Alexander Belov raug tso tseg los ntawm Riga mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1940, ua ntej pib ntawm tsov rog, nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm ib tug German repatriate, Johann Weiss. Nws pib tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab thaum xub thawj ua haujlwm ua tus tsav tsheb zoo tib yam, maj mam siv rau cov neeg German thiab kawm txog lawv txoj haujlwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm. Nrog nws yog ib tug phooj ywg - Heinrich Schwarzkopf. Los ntawm 1944, thaum ua haujlwm hauv kev txawj ntse ntawm Thib Peb Reich, Weiss tau ua haujlwm kiv taub hau thiab tau nce mus rau qib SS Hauptsturmführer. Tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau Berlin mus rau Kev Pabcuam Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Reichsführer SS. Txij no musnws tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
Alexander Belov
Muaj ntau qhov kev xav uas Kozhevnikov sau tawm ntawm nws tus phab ej legendary. Ib qho taw qhia rau tus tub ceev xwm Rudolf Abel, thiab lwm qhov rau Alexander Svyatogorov. Tab sis yuav ua li cas nws yuav, qhov tshiab yog heev nthuav, txawm hais tias nws cov qauv tsis zoo ib yam li ib txwm style ntawm xws li masters li Yulian Semenov. Cov hauj lwm no yog dominated los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws sib sib zog nqus, raws li cov kev paub ntawm Sasha Belov, uas yog sim kom tau siv rau cov tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug purebred Aryan mob siab rau lub National Socialist ua.
Txuas ntxiv
Belov kawm ua siab ntev, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm tsis ntxeev siab rau nws tus kheej, tsis txhob ntxhov siab thiab tso siab rau nws lub hom phiaj. Thiab nws muaj peev xwm kov yeej nws thawj "Kuv".
Nyob rau ntu thib ob, peb caug feem pua yog muab rau qhov maj mam txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ze ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Weiss ntsib ntau tus Nazis thiab cov neeg German zoo tib yam. Thiab tsuas yog nees nkaum feem pua ntawm cov phiaj xwm tau muab rau cov kev txiav txim-packed, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm cov neeg sau ntawv zoo, feem ntau, lawv nyiam hom ntawv no rau dab tsi: kev khiav hauj lwm, chases, teeb tsa, kev nug, thiab lwm yam.
Vim li ntawd, tus neeg nyiam nyiam nyiam yuav hloov mus ua tus kws tshaj lij ntshav txias.
Muaj ib lub sijhawm xav paub ntxiv: raws li Stanislav Lyubshin, tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam hauv zaj duab xis "Shield thiab ntaj", daim duab no ib zaug ua rau muaj kev xav zoo heev rau Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin thiab cuam tshuam nws txoj kev xaiv ntawm kev txawj ntse. kev ua haujlwm.
Ntxhais hmoob
Ntau tus nyeem tau txaus siab rau Vadim Kozhevnikov. Nws tus kheej lub neej kuj tsis muaj kev zam. Nadezhda Kozhevnikova, tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, pab me ntsis qhib daim ntaub ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Nws nco qab tias nws txiv muaj lub qhov muag ntsuab loj nrog cov plaub muag ntev. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis yog tus rhuav tshem ntawm poj niam lub siab. Thiab nws tau kov yeej ntau tus poj niam lub siab, tab sis qhov kev kov yeej kawg tau xaus nrog nws niam Victoria. Dheev, tus inveterate bachelor tau tso tseg. Thaum nkawd sib yuav, nws muaj peb caug rau, thiab nws xaiv yog nees nkaum rau.
Victoria twb yog kev sib yuav thib ob, ua ntej nws tus txiv yog ib tug neeg tshawb nrhiav, Hero ntawm Soviet Union Ilya Mazuruk. Nrog nws tus ntxhais Irina los ntawm nws thawj kev sib yuav, nws mus rau Vadim. Txawm hais tias lawv hais txog nws tias nws yog henpecked, nws tsis yog ib tug neeg tsis muaj zog hauv qhov teeb meem no, es yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse, txhua yam ntsig txog tsev, lub neej thiab kev loj hlob nteg nrog Victoria, vim thaj chaw no xyaum tsis nyiam nws.
Pom zoo:
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