Soviet artist Shcherbakov Boris: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia txog tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws Shcherbakov Boris Valentinovich, uas nws cov haujlwm tau tso tseg qhov cim tsis pom ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Soviet Union. Nws nyob ib qho nyuaj, ntev, tab sis lub neej zoo siab, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm twists thiab lem, tag nrho ntawm fruitful ua hauj lwm. Nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws nyob ze thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws paintings amaze nrog lawv kev zoo nkauj, realism, imbued nrog kev hlub rau lawv lub teb chaws. Lawv txhawb nqa thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ua rau koj txaus siab rau koj lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg uas hu nkauj ntawm nws qhov zoo nkauj. Yog li, koj xav tau caw mus rau zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov.

Boris Shcherbakov yug hauv 1916, Plaub Hlis 7, hauv Petrograd, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws kos duab Valentin Semenovich Shcherbakov, uas tau kawm nrog Repin nws tus kheej thiab kawm tiav hauv Academy of Arts hauv 1909. Tab sis txoj hmoo tau tso tseg cov tub ntxhais hluas tsev neeg los ntawmtshaib plab Petersburg mus rau Kazan, qhov twg tus artist siv nws thaum yau. Shcherbakov pib qhia nws lub peev xwm heev thaum ntxov. Leej txiv tso dag tso luag tej hauj lwm ntawm nws tus tub muaj plaub xyoos rau futurist exhibitions, thiab lawv tau txais. Tsev neeg rov qab mus rau Petersburg. Boris, xav ua zoo li nws txiv hauv txhua yam, khaws txhuam. Tus txiv ntawm tus kws kos duab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd ua haujlwm ntawm Leningrad Porcelain Factory. Lomonosov thiab, pom lub peev xwm ntawm nws tus tub, pib qhia nws.

pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Tom qab kawm tiav high school, Boris Shcherbakov tau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Academy of Arts xyoo 1933 hauv Leningrad. Cov no yog lub sijhawm uas cov tub ntxhais hluas nrhiav kev txawj ntse ntawm kev kos duab tiag tiag. Cov tub ntxhais hluas novice artist Boris Shcherbakov kawm nrog kev txaus siab ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm lub qub tsev kawm ntawv masters, uas nrhiav tau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Boris Shcherbakov lub neej tseem tuaj yeem ua piv txwv ntawm lawv. Tus kws kos duab, nrog nws cov txuj ci thiab cov txheej txheem, yeej tsis tso tseg rau kev tshoov siab thiab xav tsis thoob rau niaj hnub connoisseur ntawm kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1939 Shcherbakov kawm tiav los ntawm lub Academy of Arts. Ib tug ntse tig nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws tau qhib ntau lub tswv yim rau nws rov tsim paintings, tab sis lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II tawg rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm cov hluas artist, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho lub teb chaws.

Tsov Rog

Thaum ua tsov rog, Shcherbakov yog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog, uas koom nrog kev npaj tiv thaiv Moscow ua ntej pib ntawm Nazi invaders. Tom qab ntawd, pem hauv ntej-line sketches tsim lub hauv paus ntawm painting Pabportrait ntawm lub heroes ntawm lub Soviet Union. Cov duab kos tau sau los ntawm Shcherbakov thaum ua tsov rog nyob rau sab hnub poob, Leningrad thiab B altic fronts. Tom qab demobilization, Shcherbakov tseem nyob hauv Moscow thiab tseem siv nws cov tswv yim muaj tswv yim.

pib taug kev mus ntev hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb

Xyoo 1946, ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia, tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov tau nthuav tawm ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nto moo, sau los ntawm nws hauv xyoo 1945, xyoo tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws. Nws yog daim duab "Peter kuv tau txais ambassadors nyob rau hauv lub forge." Lub sij hawm tom qab tsov rog nyob rau hauv biography ntawm tus artist Boris Shcherbakov yog ib tug portrait lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub sij hawm nyuaj ntawm restoration yog tsov rog heroes, zaum, artists. Rau nws txoj kev koom tes rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kos duab nyob rau hauv 1952, Shcherbakov tau txais lub State nqi zog ntawm lub USSR. Xyoo 1956, Shcherbakov thiab ib pab neeg ua yeeb yam tau ua haujlwm hauv GDR los tsim cov ntawv luam ntawm cov duab peb rov qab los ntawm Dresden Gallery. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mus txawv tebchaws yog thawj tus kheej exhibition, uas tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Dresden, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Moscow. Nws hu ua "Lub nroog thiab cov neeg ntawm GDR."

Unique toj roob hauv pes ntawm Moldova

Feem ntau, tus kws kos duab nyiam pleev xim rau toj roob hauv pes, tej zaum, qhov no tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov. Furiously hlub tsis tau tsuas yog kos duab, tab sis kuj keeb kwm ntawm nws lub teb chaws, Boris Shcherbakov yog ib tug passionate admirer ntawm paj huam. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin yog ib tug kws sau paj huam nyiam, uas tus kws kos duab tau mob siab rau ntau tshaj ib qho ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Qhov no yog Pushkin hauv St. Petersburg, Pushkin hauv Mikhailovsky, Oak ntawm Solitude. Tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej mus rau qhov chaw ntawm Pushkin raug ntiab tawm. Yog li ntawd muajib tug series ntawm toj roob hauv pes nplooj siab rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm expanses ntawm Moldova. Txhua txoj haujlwm yog tshwj xeeb hauv nws tus kheej. Cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab panoramic, uas tso cai rau koj kom pom qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Xyoo 1970, ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus kws kos duab tau tshwm sim hauv Chisinau.

kev zoo nkauj thiab keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg

Shcherbakov nyiam keeb kwm ntawm nws lub tebchaws, feem ntau nws cov haujlwm txuas nrog cov chaw keeb kwm. Nws sau paj huam nws tus kheej, mloog cov suab paj nruag classic. Ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm toj roob hauv pes, uas muaj ntau tshaj peb puas. Shcherbakov tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm nws haiv neeg suburbs; Ib tug series ntawm paintings tau mob siab rau mus rau lub Volga River. Ib tug portrait series ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau pleev xim rau. Ntxiv rau Pushkin, ib daim duab ntawm Leo Tolstoy tau pleev xim rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Voronka River hauv Yasnaya Polyana, Turgenev, Lermontov. Tus kws kos duab tau mus rau Lermontov qhov chaw nrog kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb. Nws tau mus xyuas Tarkhany, uas yog tus hlub los ntawm Lermontov, ntawm thaj av ntawm tus kws sau paj huam pog E. A. Arsent'eva, qhov twg cov tshauv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tam sim no faus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nrog kev hlub, tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia txog lub tsev ib-zaj dab neeg ntawm txoj kev ntsiag to hauv Taganrog, qhov chaw ua haujlwm thawj zaug ntawm Chekhov yug.

Creativity ntawm Sholokhov tau mob siab rau ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm loj. Tus kws kos duab tau tswj hwm ua phooj ywg nrog Sholokhov, uas ib txwm stingy nrog qhuas, tab sis, saib Shcherbakov cov duab, hais tias: "Zoo heev, ua tsaug ntau!" Lub peculiar thiab majestic kev zoo nkauj ntawm cheeb tsam Don ntaus tus kws ua yeeb yam mus rau lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov hauj lwm no yuav raug nthuav tawm ntawm solo exhibitions txawv teb chaws.

Kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb

Qhov kawg ntawm 70s thiab 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem yog lub sijhawm nthuav tawm rau B. Shcherbakov. Tus kws ua yeeb yam tau tuav plaub qhov kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv Nyij Pooj ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Ntiaj Teb Chaws Memorable Literary". Nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1977, ib tug exhibition ntawm Shcherbakov paintings "Lavxias teb sab Landscapes" tau tuav nyob rau hauv New York, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais ci ntsa iab xyuas. Cov neeg tuaj tawm tom qab saib cov duab nrog lub ntsej muag pom kev, nrog luag nyav zoo. "Zoo heev Russian!" - yog li qw nrov laconic Asmeskas. Tam sim no, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm tau tawg thoob plaws ntiaj teb, qee qhov tuaj yeem pom hauv Tsev Dawb, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Askiv. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov tau tuav hauv GDR, Hungary thiab Czechoslovakia, thiab ua rau muaj kev txaus siab heev. Cov paintings xav tsis thoob cov neeg tuaj saib nrog lawv kev zoo nkauj thiab realism; cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws kos duab tau tshoov siab. Rau Boris Valentinovich, cov kev nthuav qhia no yog qhov kev sim tiag tiag, vim tias tib neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg, haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg tau qhia lawv txoj kev xav. Ua tsaug rau kev kos duab ntawm tus tswv ci ntsa iab, cov neeg los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws koom ua ke. Txhua tus neeg los ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb nkag siab txog kev txawj ntawm tus kws kos duab. Tau ntev lawv tau sawv ze ntawm txhua daim duab ntawm tus tswv, txawm tias nws yog Nyiv lossis Hungary; tib neeg tau nkag siab thiab nyob ze rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Tom qab kev nthuav qhia, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau coj ib qho kev zoo nkauj thiab sov so rau hauv lawv lub siab tom qab sib txuas lus nrog kev kos duab.

Tshaj qhov zoo nkauj, tib neeg kawm to taub lawv tus kheej. Shcherbakov lub toj roob hauv pes tsis yog tsuas yog kos duab xwb, lawv yog hom lus rau cov neeg ntawm tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev qhia rau lawv tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj ntawm xwm,uas nyob ib puag ncig lawv yog ib txoj hauv kev los qhia lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, kom pom cov neeg muaj dab tsi thiab lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau tiam tom ntej.

khoom plig thiab khoom plig

Nyob hauv nws lub neej, tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm tau muaj nuj nqis heev thiab tau rov qab muab khoom plig thiab khoom plig. Txij li thaum xyoo 1973, nws tau ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Arts ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub siab tshaj plaws scientific lub koom haum uas koom ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1986, Shcherbakov tau txais lub luag hauj lwm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg Artist ntawm lub USSR rau cov zoo kawg nkaus cov duab nyob rau hauv lub zoo arts. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov duab kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1992, Shcherbakov tau txais lub npe ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy of Arts (RAKh).

Boris Valentinovich tuag thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, 1995 hauv Moscow. Nws raug faus rau ntawm Vagankovsky toj ntxas, nyob ib sab ntawm nws txiv lub ntxa.

Zaj lus

Hauv kev xaus, suav nrog qhov tau hais, Kuv xav nco ntsoov cov kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws rau Fatherland ntawm tus kws kos duab Shcherbakov. Nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim, lub neej muaj nuj nqis, kev hlub tiag rau Niam Txiv thiab kev txhawb nqa loj rau kev txhim kho kev kos duab ua rau nws yog ib tug txiv neej uas muaj zog zoo kawg nkaus, muab nws tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog cov duab zoo ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus kws kos duab tau zoo nkauj thiab ntshiab li nws cov canvases. Nws tau tsa tib neeg kom pom kev zoo nkauj hauv ntiaj teb no. Raws li koj paub, kab lis kev cai thiab sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg tsim ib lub zej zog, ua rau nws civilized. Mloog cov kev xav uas tau yug los hauv koj thaum koj saib cov duab kos duab, xws li cov duab los ntawm Boris Shcherbakov. Xws licov neeg zoo li peb yog cov coj tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub ntiaj teb kev zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev phooj ywg, kev hlub thiab kev sib nrig sib to taub.