Tus Sau Avdeenko Alexander Ostapovich: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Hnub no peb yuav qhia koj tias Alexander Avdeenko yog leej twg. Nws biography yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej tom qab. Peb tab tom tham txog Soviet thiab Lavxias tus kws sau ntawv prose, publicist, playwright thiab screenwriter.

Biography

Alexander Avdeenko yog tus kws sau ntawv uas yug xyoo 1908 hauv lub zos. Tam sim no nws yog Ukrainian lub nroog ntawm Makeevka, cheeb tsam Donetsk. Los ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg ua haujlwm-khiav. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, tus sau yav tom ntej yog ib tug me nyuam tsis muaj tsev nyob. Tom qab ntawd nws ua haujlwm hauv mines hauv Donbass. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Makiivka ntawm ib tsob nroj hu ua "Union". Tom qab ntawd nws mus rau Magnitogorsk. Nyob ntawd nws ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho ntawm MMK IV Stalin. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug pab locomotive tsav tsheb. Tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg sau ntawv hu ua "Tug".

Xyoo 1933 nws tau ua nws thawj zaug hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Gorky almanac hu ua "XVI". Qhov tshiab "Kuv hlub" tau tso tawm muaj. Tom qab ntawd nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Soviet Literature thiab Profizdat. Nws tau koom nrog kev mus ncig ntawm pab pawg neeg sau ntawv mus rau LBC ntawm I. V. Stalin. Nyob rau hauv 1934 nws tau ua tus sawv cev rau Thawj Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv. Nyob ntawd nws tau txais mus rau SP ntawm lub USSR. Thaum nws hais lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham, M. Gorky tshwj xeeb tau sau tsegua hauj lwm ntawm peb tus phab ej "Kuv hlub".

Lub xyoo tseem ceeb tom ntej hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog xyoo 1935. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hais lus ntawm VII All-Union Congress ntawm Soviets. Lub ntsiab lus yog: "Rau qhov kuv tau qhuas Comrade Stalin." Tom qab ntawd nws sau tseg tias nws yog tus kws sau ntawv, yog li nws npau suav ntawm kev tsim ib txoj haujlwm uas tsis nco qab tiag tiag.

Peb tus phab ej nyob hauv Moscow. Nws yog ib tug tub kawm ntawv ntawm Literary Institute. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub editorial chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Pravda ntawv xov xwm. Ib qho tshiab hu ua "Lub Peev" tau thuam los ntawm Gorky. Nyob rau hauv 1936, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm S. Ordzhonikidze, nws mus rau lub Donbass. Nyob rau hauv Makeevka. Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab tshiab txog miners hu ua "Lub xeev yog kuv." Phau ntawv tau ua tiav xyoo 1938, tab sis tsis tau luam tawm.

Peb tus phab ej tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. Tom qab ntawd, nws txoj hauj lwm hloov. Nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub nroog council ntawm Makeyevka. Nyob rau hauv 1939, raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb correspondent rau Pravda, nws tau mus rau thaj tsam ntawm annexed Western Ukraine. Xyoo 1940, raws li tsab ntawv ntawm peb tus phab ej, zaj duab xis "Txoj Cai ntawm Lub Neej" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab. Daim kab xev no tau raug kev thuam thuam los ntawm tog xovxwm. Qhov laj thawj yog hu ua kev hais lus phem rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Soviet cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tom qab lub rooj sib tham ntawm Central Committee ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks, peb hero raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv thiab lub tog, thiab kuj raug rho tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Pravda. Qhov kev thuam loj heev ntawm tus sau tau hais los ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Central Committee Joseph Stalin thiab Andrei Zhdanov, nrog rau cov kws sau ntawv Alexander Fadeev, Nikolai Pogodin thiab Nikolai Aseev.

Tom qab qhov kev zam, nws tau pib ua haujlwm dua ntawm kuv qhov ua tus pab tshuab. Nyob rau hauv 1941, raws li memoirs ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, nws tsis raug coj mus raupem hauv ntej pab dawb. Nws tau teev nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab demolition ntawm peb hero mus rau qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv ob peb lub hlis. Nws tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv mortar ua ib tug lieutenant. Nws nkag mus hauv pab tub rog tsuas yog xyoo 1942

Raws li tus tub ntawm peb tus phab ej, nws pib sau rau ntau yam ntawv xov xwm pem hauv ntej. Cov ntawv sau ua tsis tiav tau xa mus rau "Red Star". Qhov no tau mus txog rau thaum David Ortenberg, tus editor ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, xa ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ("Kev txhiv dim los ntawm Ntshav") rau Stalin muaj kev pheej hmoo loj. Tsab ntawv no tau hais txog ib tus tub ceev xwm yav dhau los uas ua tiav kev ua yeeb yam hauv pawg tub rog nplua. Thaum tsaus ntuj, kev hu xov tooj tuaj ntawm Stalin, nws hais tias txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem luam tawm, thiab nws tus sau tau txhiv nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau tswj hwm sau ntau phau ntawv, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau tshem ntawm qhov mob uas qhov kev tsim txom tsis ncaj ncees coj nws, txawm tias nws ntseeg cov tswv yim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Nws cia siab rau Stalin tsis tsawg, kom txog rau thaum tag nrho qhov tseeb txog kev ua ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj tau paub rau nws.

Tus kws sau ntawv tus tub nco qab tias muaj ib hnub, tom qab mob plawv, nws txiv pib tham txog Stalin. Ces nws hais kom tus kws sau ntawv xav txog nws tus kheej. Qhov twg peb hero teb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tso Stalin mus. Los ntawm 1942 mus rau 1945, tus sau phau ntawv yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, tau txais lub post ntawm tsov rog sau xov xwm rau ib tug xov xwm hu ua "For the Fatherland", uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 131 pawg. Tom qab ntawd nws pib ua haujlwm hauv kev tshaj tawm "Tub Leej Txiv".

Creativity

Avdeenko Alexander yog tus sau ntau tshaj 40 phau ntawv. Cov haujlwm ntawm peb tus phab ej tau raug muab txhais ua kaum tsib yam lus, suav nrog Hungarian, Suav thiab Askiv. Ib ntawmLub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog zaj dab neeg "Over Tisza". Raws li ib tug neeg thuam thiab tshaj tawm, nws tau luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm Pravda thiab Soviet Culture cov ntawv xov xwm, nrog rau Znamya thiab Soviet Screen cov ntawv xov xwm.

Novels

Avdeenko Alexander Ostapovich yog tus sau ua haujlwm "Nyob rau hauv lub hws ntawm nws lub ntsej muag." Nws kuj tau sau cov dab neeg: "Kuv hlub", "Qhov no yog koj lub teeb", "Black tswb", "Labour", "Fate", "Nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm qhov tsis pom", "Danube Nights".

Phau ntawv

In 1933 Alexander Avdeenko sau ntawv tshiab Kuv Hlub. Nyob rau hauv 1934, cov hauj lwm "The History of the Red Nicanor" tau luam tawm. Xyoo 1936, cov phau ntawv Ib Txhiab Hnub thiab Txoj hmoo raug luam tawm. Xyoo 1946, Phau Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Kuv Tus Phooj Ywg tau tshwm sim. Xyoo 1951, Trud tshiab tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1954, cov hauj lwm "Txoj kev mus rau Verkhovyna" thiab "Over Tisza" tau sau. Xyoo 1955, zaj dab neeg "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1957, phau ntawv "Thaum Carpathian Hluav Taws" tshwm. Xyoo 1960, txoj hauj lwm "Kev Ntseeg, Kev Cia Siab, Kev Hlub" tau luam tawm, muaj cov ntawv sau, dab neeg thiab dab neeg txog kev ua tsov ua rog.

Xyoo 1970, txoj haujlwm "Txhua yam kev zoo nkauj ntawm noob neej. Pem hauv ntej Diary. Xyoo 1971, Phau Ntawv Mus Nrog Ib Tug Phooj Ywg tau sau. Xyoo 1972, zaj dab neeg ntawm Pathfinder tau tshwm sim. Xyoo 1975, phau ntawv "Hnub nrog Magnitka" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1977, cov hauj lwm "Sau qhov hluav taws kub uas kuv hlawv" thiab "Border" raug tsim. Nyob rau hauv 1981, zaj dab neeg "Outpost ntawm koj lub npe" tshwm sim. Los ntawm 1982 txog 1983 cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv plaub ntim. Xyoo 1989, ib phau ntawv memoirs "Excommunication" tshwm sim. Xyoo 1991cov memoirs ntawm peb hero tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub title "Kev rau txim tsis muaj ib tug txhaum."

Lwm yam haujlwm

Alexander Avdeenko tau tsim cov haujlwm "Kev Theej Txhoj Ntshav", "Nyob Hauv Ciam Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej". Nws muaj lub voj voog ntawm cov dab neeg "Peers" thiab "The Play". Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb tus phab ej, cov yeeb yaj kiab "Kuv hlub", "Txoj cai ntawm lub neej", "Over Tissa" raug tua.

Awards

Avdeenko Alexander hauv xyoo 1944 tau txais txiaj ntsig Order of the Red Star. Nyob rau hauv 1969 nws tau txais lub Badge of Honour. Nws tau txais ob daim ntawv xaj ntawm Red Banner of Labor. Tau txais ib qho khoom plig los ntawm kev tshaj tawm "Soviet Culture". Nws tau txais qhov Order of the Patriotic War I degree. Nws yog tus tswv ntawm lub puav pheej "Rau Distinction nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev ciam teb ntawm lub USSR."