2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Santi Raffaello yug thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1483 hauv nruab nrab Ltalis. Feem ntau nws lub npe suab hauv Latin li Sanzio lossis Santius. Tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej, txiav kos npe rau ntawm nws cov canvases, siv Latinized version ntawm nws lub npe - Raphael. Raws li lub npe no, nws tau nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thiab nws qhov loj-scale fresco "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" tau paub txawm tias cov neeg nyob deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo.
thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kos duab
Txawm tias nws yog menyuam yaus, Raffaello paub tias nws yuav yog tus kws kos duab. Nws thawj qhov kev sim hauv kev kos duab tau tshwm sim raws li kev coj nruj ntawm nws txiv, Giovanni Santi. Nrog rau cov lus qhia ntawm niam txiv, tus tswv yav tom ntej tau paub txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev pleev xim los ntawm Timoteo Viti, tus kws kos duab Umbrian paub zoo nyob rau hnub ntawd. Thaum Santi Jr. muaj 16 xyoo, nws raug xa mus ua tub txib rau Pietro Vannucci. Raws li tus txiv neej no, Rafael tau mus txog qhov tseeb qhov siab ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab tau kawm zoo kawg nkaus cov tswv yim ntawm kev kos duab.
Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws, cov duab hluas nkauj los ntawm Raphael yog peb daim duab: "Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Michael, tawm tsam Dab Ntxwg Nyoog" (hnub no txoj haujlwm nyob hauv Paris), "Tus Knight's Dream" (qhov chaw nthuav tawm - London) thiab "Peb Txoj Kev Zoo" (nws kawgmuaj - Chantilly). Qhov no yog li cas Rafael Santi pib nws txoj haujlwm. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens tau tshwm sim thaum tus sau hnub nyoog 25 xyoo.
The Greatest Fresco
Raphael tuaj rau hauv Lub Nroog Nyob Mus Ib Txhis xyoo 1508. Pope Julius II caw nws tuaj ntawm no. Ntawm no tus kws kos duab yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau stanzas (ceremonial halls) ntawm Vatican Palace. Stanza della Senyatura tau pleev xim los ntawm Raphael, nthuav tawm hauv cov duab zoo nkauj plaub lub ntsej muag ntawm tib neeg lub siab: "Kev tsis sib haum xeeb" (kev ntseeg), "Athenian tsev kawm ntawv" (philosophy), "Parnassus" (paj huam) thiab "Kev txawj ntse, ntsuas, lub zog" (txoj cai lij choj).). Thiab cov maestro pleev xim rau lub plafond nrog paintings uas ideologically echo lub ntsiab compositions thiab nqa biblical, allegorical thiab mythological lub ntsiab.
Cov duab "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev xav zoo thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lub ntsiab paradigm ntawm lub fresco kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev xav ntawm humanists. Nws tuaj yeem raug tsim tawm raws li qhov ua tau ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ceg sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xav. Lub vaults ntawm no majestic architectural masterpiece yog adorned los ntawm pab pawg kws tshawb fawb thiab philosophers los ntawm ancient Greece.
"Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" (Raphael). Description
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, daim duab qhia ntau tshaj li tsib caug daim. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fresco yog Aristotle thiab Plato. Lawv qhia txog kev txawj ntse ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Antiquity thiab sawv cev rau ob lub tsev kawm philosophical. Plato taw tes rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, thaum Aristotle nthuav tawm nws txhais tes saum lub ntiaj teb. Tus tub rog hnav lub kaus mom hlau yog Alexander lub Great. Nws ua tib zoo mloog cov yawg Socrates, thiabnws khoov nws tus ntiv tes ntawm nws txhais tes, qhia ib yam dab tsi amazing. Nyob rau sab laug, nyob ze ntawm tus ntaiv, cov tub ntxhais kawm ncig Pythagoras, uas tsis khoom daws cov lus nug txog lej. Lub "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" nrhiav tau ib qho chaw rau Epicurus, uas Raphael tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub wreath ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Rau daim duab ntawm Michelangelo, tus kws kos duab xaiv cov duab ntawm Heraclitus thiab pleev xim rau nws raws li ib tug txiv neej uas, leaning ntawm lub voos xwmfab, zaum hauv kev xav. Diogenes zaum ntawm tus ntaiv. Rau nws sab xis yog Euclid, uas yog ntsuas ib yam dab tsi ntawm daim duab geometric nrog lub tshuab ntsuas. Stair cov kauj ruam yog cov theem ntawm qhov tseeb yog paub. Euclid tau nrog Ptolemy (tuav lub ntiaj teb hauv nws txhais tes) thiab Zoroaster (tuav lub ntiaj teb saum ntuj ceeb tsheej). Rau sab xis ntawm lawv yog daim duab ntawm Raphael nws tus kheej, saib cov neeg tuaj saib.
Lwm tus cim
Txawm hais tias "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" yog lub fresco uas piav txog ntau dua 50 tus cim, nws pom tau tias lub teeb thiab dav, tus yam ntxwv ntawm Santi tus yam ntxwv. Ntxiv rau cov duab uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, daim ntaub nthuav tawm rau pej xeem xws li cov cim xws li Spekvsipp (tus kws tshawb fawb pom nrog lub hwj txwv thiab hauv cov xim av toga), Meneksen (tus kws tshaj lij hnav khaub ncaws xiav toga), Xenocrates (tus kws tshawb fawb, hauv ib qho kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg txawj ntse. white toga). Kuj tseem muaj Pythagoras, kos nrog ib phau ntawv hauv nws txhais tes, Critias (hauv lub tsho liab), Diagoras ntawm Melos - tus kws sau paj huam nrog lub cev liab qab, thiab lwm cov duab keeb kwm.
Zoo li txhua lub ntiaj teb cov txuj ci ntawm kev kos duab, "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" nthuav tawm rau pej xeem nrog ob peb tus neeg tsis paub. Yog li, tsis muaj leej twg paubleej twg yog piav qhia ntawm lub fresco ntawm ib ceg, thiab leej twg yog tus tswv ntawm lub nraub qaum hauv cov khaub ncaws liab. Tab sis tus kws kos duab nyiam yog yooj yim los txheeb xyuas: nws tus kheej Hypatia.
Qhov tseeb txog Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens
Cov ntawv sau hauv Vatican tau pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse Raphael tau kaum xyoo - los ntawm 1508 txog 1518. Santi nws tus kheej ua haujlwm tsuas yog plaub xyoos (1508-1512). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub painting twb ua los ntawm lub maestro cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia. Muaj ib qho xwm txheej, tab sis qhov sib txawv heev nthuav: rau plaub xyoos Raphael ua haujlwm ntawm Stanzas, thiab tib lub xyoo nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm Michelangelo's Sistine qab nthab.
Lub npe ntawm cov fresco nto moo tsis yog ntawm Raphael. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais tias thaum pib daim duab hu ua "philosophy". "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens" yog ib lub npe uas tsis sib haum nrog txhua yam uas tau piav qhia ntawm daim ntaub. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, dhau li ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Athens, muaj ntau tus neeg uas tsis tau nyob hauv lub nroog no hauv lawv lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub mural muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau lub sijhawm uas nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj sijhawm los ntsib ua ke tib lub sijhawm.
Tuag ntawm ib tug zoo artist
Muaj hnub nyoog 37 xyoo, lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1520 (nws hnub yug), tus poj niam Raphael Santi tuag. Lub tsev kawm ntawv "Athenian" tseem ciaj sia tau ntau pua xyoo. Lub ntiaj teb muaj sia nyob ntawm maestro yog ci thiab luv luv, zoo li lub comet. Tab sis txawm tias lub sijhawm no tau faib los ntawm txoj hmoo tau txaus rau Raphael yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tus kws kos duab loj tshaj plaws ntawm Renaissance.
Santi txoj kev tuag tam sim ntawd, nws cuam tshuam kev sib tw ntawm obcov geniuses loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Ob leeg tau koom nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab tsim lub Vatican. Peb tab tom tham txog Raphael thiab Michelangelo. Txawm hais tias tom kawg yog tus laus dua Santi, nws tseem nyob tau ntau xyoo.
Raphael tuag hauv Rome, thiab nws cov tshauv tau faus nrog kev hwm uas tsim nyog ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj ib tug kws ua yeeb yam uas yuav tsis pom tawm ntawm txoj kev kawg ntawm tus sau ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens thiab quaj rau maestro.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas kos tib neeg txoj kev xav? Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav ntawm daim ntawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag qhia, cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia ib ntus
Ib daim duab ua tiav tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib txoj haujlwm uas zoo li yuav tshwm sim. Ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug neeg yog ua ciaj sia los ntawm cov kev xav uas tshwm sim rau nws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog nyuaj rau kos cov kev xav li nws zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Cov kev xav uas koj kos rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg uas nws portrait koj depicting
Cov ntawv sau txog lub cev: kev piav qhia ntawm chav sib raug zoo, nws lub neej, ib puag ncig, kev lis kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb
Qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv pej xeem kev nco qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib hom ntawv raws li kev sau ntawv lub cev. Nekrasov thiab Belinsky, tsim almanacs ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab, zoo li tab tom sim rov qab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Russia mus rau cov tub rog ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub Ryleev thiab Bestuzhev "Polar Star". Ib pawg neeg sau ntawv loj heev tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev xav siab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, yog li kev nkag siab ntawm cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim yuav hloov pauv
Ib zaj dab neeg funny los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lub neej. Funny dab neeg txog tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov me nyuam kawm ntawv
Zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj ntau yam thiab qee zaum txawm rov hais dua. Nco ntsoov lub sijhawm zoo nkauj ci ntsa iab, koj xav tias muaj lub siab xav rov qab mus rau thaum yau txawm tias ib feeb. Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg laus lub neej feem ntau monotonous, nws tsis muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv recklessness thiab mischief. Cov xib fwb uas kuv hlub twb tau qhia lwm tiam neeg, uas intrigue rau lawv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, smear lub rooj tsavxwm nrog paraffin thiab muab nyees khawm ntawm lub rooj zaum
Ravenclaw - kws qhia ntawv ntawm Hogwarts Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Witchcraft thiab Wizardry. Leej twg tau kawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Ravenclaw? Harry Potter
Ib zaug dhau ib zaug, plaub tus wizards nrhiav Hogwarts Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Cov no yog Gryffindor, Slytherin, Hufflepuff thiab Ravenclaw. Cov kws qhia ntawv, uas cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws tau cuv npe, tau muaj npe tom qab Candida. Nws yuav tau tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm
Michelangelo's "Tsim ntawm Adas" fresco. Kev piav qhia thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim
"Lub Creation ntawm Adas" yog ib tug ntawm 9 frescoes pleev xim rau raws li biblical scenes thiab ua lub compositional nruab nrab ntawm cov painting rau lub qab nthab ntawm lub Sistine Chapel. Nws tus sau yog Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)