Nekrasov "Railway": cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam

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Nekrasov "Railway": cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam
Nekrasov "Railway": cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam

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Nekrasov railway cov ntsiab lus
Nekrasov railway cov ntsiab lus

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov twb tau koob meej los ntawm lub sijhawm sau paj huam. Nws cov paj huam "Rau leej twg nws zoo nyob rau hauv Russia" thiab "Frost, Red Nose" tau hlub los ntawm cov neeg. Phau ntawv xov xwm Sovremennik luam tawm los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog lub qhov ncauj ntawm kev ywj pheej. L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. S. Turgenev, M. E. S altkov-Shchedrin, UA Goncharov, A. I. Ostrovsky.

In 1864 nws tsim cov paj huam los ntawm Nekrasov "Railway". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm yuav raug tham hauv kab lus no.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm sau paj huam

Qhov kev yeej ntawm kev yeej ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau xav tsis yog los ntawm Nekrasov nkaus xwb. "Railroad" yog ib zaj dab neeg luv luv txog lub hauv paus nqaim ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev ua haujlwm dhau los uas tag nrho cov neeg tau muab tso rau hauv. Cov neeg tiv thaiv, cov neeg thuam ntawm lub rau caum, uas tau hu ua "lub siab ntawm cov neeg" tau dhau mus: Dobrolyubov thiab Pisarev. Chernyshevsky mus rau hauv exile.

Hwj chim xyoo 1861 uas tsis tau npaj, av tawg tau tshem tawm serfdom. Raws li koj paub, 75% ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv serf Russia tsis yog tshuab. Lub zos patriarchal tau qhib rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov peev txheej. Piblandslide ruin ntawm inefficient ua liaj ua teb. Ib qho loj loj ntawm kev xyaum ua haujlwm pub dawb tau nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Yav tas los peasants mus ua hauj lwm, xyaum ua zaub mov. Social kev puas tsuaj tau brewing. Raws li kev xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Journal Sovremennik, Nekrasov luam tawm nws tus kheej paj huam "Railway". Nws cov ntsiab lus tam sim ntawd dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias.

zaj paj huam

Nekrasov txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam tshaj plaws pib ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Nws yog zoo li nws thawj kab ntawm paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv watercolor. Lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, "cov dej khov tsis muaj zog", "dej dej khov", tab sis muaj cov nplooj ntawm cov ntoo uas tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm "faus". Nekrasov pib nws zaj dab neeg lyrically. "Railway" nthuav tawm nws cov ntsiab lus rau tus nyeem ntawv txhob txwm maj mam.

Nekrasov railway luv luv
Nekrasov railway luv luv

Ib tug tub hluas hauv tus kws qhia lub tsho thiab nws txiv, tus thawj coj, tau tawm ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau. Tus tub, leej twg nug txog leej twg tsim nws, leej txiv tau muab lub npe ntawm "neeg tsim khoom": "Suav Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmikhel … thriller. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntshai ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis ib leeg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua haujlwm li no. Nyob rau hauv ib tug dugout, noj ib yam dab tsi, xyaum tsis muaj so, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm txias thiab dampness, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm toil exhaustingly rau 12-14 teev. Txoj hauj lwm tau muaj teeb meem. Cov Yudas cov neeg xauj tsev tau sau cov lus tsis raug ntawm txhua tus. Thaum lub sij hawm los ntawm kev suav, cov thawj coj tshaj tawm cov nyiaj nplua rau txhua tus. Tsawg heev tau txais rau kev them nyiaj, thiab feem ntau cov neeg tsim khoom txawm tshuav. Ces cov neeg ua haujlwm"khoom plig" ib lub thoob ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab, thiab cov lus nug ntawm kev them nyiaj, yog li, tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv txoj cai. Cov tsis mloog lus raug ntaus tuag. Cov neeg uas tuag los ntawm kab mob thiab qaug zog tau faus rau ntawd. Txoj kev tau xyaum ua rau cov pob txha.

Nekrasov railway cov ntsiab lus
Nekrasov railway cov ntsiab lus

Sneaky system, puas yog, Nekrasov nthuav tawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pej xeem Lavxias? "Railway" ncaj qha tawm tsam nws cov ntsiab lus luv luv rau qhov kev lees paub pom zoo. Nws lub tswv yim yog kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg, uas, txawm li cas los xij, yuav pom txoj hmoo tsim nyog rau lawv tus kheej (yuav ua rau "dav, meej … txoj kev"). Los ntawm txoj kev, cov censors nco ntsoov nws ntawm txoj haujlwm no nrog "gnashing ntawm cov hniav" thaum ob xyoos tom qab lawv kaw Sovremennik magazine, qhov twg nws tau luam tawm.

Tab sis lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg tseem nyob hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb, thaum Nekrasov txoj haujlwm "Railway" tau khav theeb thiab nrov nrov hauv zej zog los ntawm kev tsim txom. Nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev sim los ntawm tus sau kom "pom qhov kaj", kov yeej "ib tag hmo tsaus ntuj" ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv terry.

Zaj lus

Zaj dab neeg nthuav tawm los ntawm zaj paj huam no muaj tseeb thiab ua tim khawv rau daim duab tseeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Nikolaev railway. Tus Minister of Railways, Adjutant General Kleinmikhel Petr Andreevich, unquestioningly loyal rau Nicholas kuv, saib xyuas nws kev tsim kho. Tus huab tais txaus siab rau nws subordinate. Kev hwm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, lawv txawm minted ib qho khoom plig kub tus kheej, uas cov lus hais tias "Kev mob siab rau kov yeej txhua yam" yog emblazoned. Nws style ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsim kho tau nrawm, tab sis ib txwm nrog ntau tus neeg tuag. Cov neeg ntxub Kleinmichel. Yog li tshiabEmperor Alexander II, tau nce lub zwm txwv, tau nrawm los hloov daim duab phem no hauv chaw ua haujlwm.

Pom zoo: