Syllabo-tonic versification: keeb kwm thiab qhov ntev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tshuaj xyuas kom meej cov lus piav qhia-tonic. Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas qhov system no tshwm sim thiab tuaj rau Russia, cia peb tsom xam qhov ntev.

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Syllabo-tonic versification yog ib qho kev ua paj huam uas tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov lus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ntxhov siab. Nyob rau hauv verses sau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tag nrho cov syllables yuav muab faib ua pawg nyob rau hauv nres, nyob rau hauv uas muaj thiaj li hu ua muaj zog cov ntsiab lus - stressed vowels, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog - unstressed vowels. Yog li ntawd, thaum txheeb xyuas cov paj huam zoo li no, tsis yog tsuas yog qhia qhov loj me xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov lej nres hauv ib kab.

Keeb Kwm

Lub suab lus-tonic ntawm kev txheeb xyuas keeb kwm tshwm sim hauv cov paj huam nyob sab Europe. Qhov no tshwm sim vim yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab lus, uas tau siv rau hauv cov lus Romance, thiab cov tonic alliterative, uas yog los ntawm cov lus German. Cov txheej txheem no tau xaus rau ntau lub tebchaws ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv, syllabotonics tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, ua tsaug rau J. Chaucer, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tom qab kev hloov kho ntawm M. Opitz.

Russian syllabo-tonic versification

Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab poetic style belongs rau M. V. Lomonosov thiab V. K. Trediakovsky.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Trediakovsky pib hais lus nrog cov ntawv uas nws tus qauv yog txawv heev los ntawm lub syllabic system ntawm versification tau txais nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm syllables nyob rau hauv ib kab, thiab tsis nyob rau. tus naj npawb ntawm cov vowels stressed los yog unstressed. Tus kws sau paj lug, tau kawm pej xeem nqe thiab nws cov qauv, xaus lus tias Lavxias teb sab versification yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tonic.

Cov kev tshawb fawb no pib los ntawm Trediakovsky tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Lomonosov. Nws yog nws leej twg tsim lub syllabo-tonic versification nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov txheej txheem no, raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, coj mus rau hauv tus account metrical kev paub. Lub syllabic tonic yog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem nqe - qhov piv ntawm cov kab los ntawm qhov chaw thiab tus lej ntawm cov lus nyuaj.

Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, syllabo-tonic dominated paj huam. Tsuas yog ob peb tus kws sau paj huam indulged nyob rau hauv kev sim, qhov no yog vim li cas los ntawm kev sim ua raws li pej xeem motives. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ob lub suab feem ntau tau siv. Nekrasov yog thawj zaug uas nquag siv peb lub suab ntau thiab tsawg.

Txawm li cas los xij, twb yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kev sim poetic pib, uas feem ntau tig mus rau tonic thiab teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv poetic.

Kev ntsuas ntawm cov lus piav qhia-tonic versification

Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm "muaj zog" thiab "tsis muaj zog" qhov chaw hauv ko taw, obntau yam ntawm syllabic-tonic qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog ob lub suab thiab peb lub suab. Iambic thiab trochee raug cais raws li disyllabic, thaum dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach raug cais ua trisyllabic.

Vim cov qauv lus Lavxias, peb lub suab lus zoo li tus nyeem ntawv suab paj nruag ntau dua, txij li cov lus uas muaj peb lub suab raug xaiv rau zaj paj huam thiab "ko taw hloov" tsis tshua muaj.

Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem pom hauv kev ua haujlwm choreic thiab iambic, txij li hauv qee lub ko taw feem ntau cov lus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw muaj zog, thiab ntxhov siab rau cov tsis muaj zog. Hais txog qhov no, peb tuaj yeem hais tau tias, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb disyllabic nres, muaj 2 qhov kev pabcuam ntxiv:

• Pyrrhic is 2 syllables in row with an unstressed vowel.
• Spondey yog 2 syllables nyob rau hauv kab nrog ib tug stressed vowel.

Siv lawv hauv paj huam muab cov kab ntawm txoj haujlwm ib lub suab nrov nrov.

Khorei

Qhov no yog ib hom disyllabic meter. Tsuas muaj 2 lub suab nyob hauv nws ko taw - thawj zaug yog kev ntxhov siab, qhov thib ob tsis ntxhov siab. Trochee feem ntau siv rau zaj nkauj.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm 5-foot trochaic yog Pasternak zaj paj huam hu ua "Hamlet": "Lub tsaus ntuj ntawm hmo ntuj yog taw rau kuv / Ib txhiab lub koob yees duab ntawm lub axis …". 3-ko taw - kev ua haujlwm ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov "Los ntawm Goethe": "Tswj Hav Zoov / Puv ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj tshiab …".

Yab

Syllabo-tonic versification yog tus thawj coj rau Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab iamb yog AS tus nyiam ntsuas. Pushkin.

Yog li, iambic yog disyllabic' meter ', suav nrog 2 lub suab - thawj tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab qhov thib ob ntxhov siab. Thaum ib lub suab raug tshem tawm, qhov nres hloov mus rau hauv pyrrhic, thiab thaum ib qho ntxiv tshwm, nws hloov mus ua ib qho sponde.

Lub iambic plaub-nres yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab nquag siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov kws sau paj huam ntawm "siab" hom tau tig mus rau qhov ntsuas no, tsom mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm odic tej hauj lwm thiab "lub teeb paj huam", uas tau sau nyob rau hauv chorea. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, lub iambic poob nws cov thematic kev twb kev txuas nrog cov paj huam thiab ua ib tug universal meter.

Qhov piv txwv meej tshaj plaws yog Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin": "Latin yog tawm ntawm kev zam niaj hnub no: / Yog li, yog tias kuv qhia qhov tseeb …".

Tim-suab lus

Tam sim no peb xav txog peb lub suab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab syllabo-tonic versification.

Dactyl yog ib lub 'meter' nrog peb lub suab, thawj qhov kev ntxhov siab. Piv txwv li: "Vajtswv Kev Txiav Txim rau Npis Sov" (V. A. Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl feem ntau yog siv los xyaum hexameter.

Amphibrach kuj yog ib lub 'meter' nrog peb lub suab, tab sis lub sij hawm no lub suab yog qhov thib ob. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab versification, nws yog feem ntau yog siv los sau epic tej hauj lwm. Ib qho piv txwv yog "Airship" - Lermontov's ballad: "Tus huab tais ces tawm ntawm lub hleb, / Sawv, dheev tshwm …".

Anapest yog peb lub suab lus thib peb uas qhov kev ntxhov siab poob rau lub suab kawg. Piv txwv ntawm xws li kev tsim kho ntawm ib nqe lus yog cov paj huam: "Reflections ntawm lub qhov rooj" (Nekrasov) thiab "Tsis txhob tsa nws sawv thaum kaj ntug" (Fet).