Poet Alexei Surkov - kev khav theeb ntawm thaj av Yaroslavl
Poet Alexei Surkov - kev khav theeb ntawm thaj av Yaroslavl

Video: Poet Alexei Surkov - kev khav theeb ntawm thaj av Yaroslavl

Video: Poet Alexei Surkov - kev khav theeb ntawm thaj av Yaroslavl
Video: Reflections - Yog Kuv Ntxov Paub (Lryics) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob hauv Yaroslavl, kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas seb cov neeg nyob hauv puas paub cov nkauj nrov "Nyob rau hauv dugout." Cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv zoo siab khaws cov ntawv nyeem, yuav luag tsis muaj lus yuam kev. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem sau npe tus sau. Soviet kws sau paj lug Alexei Surkov, uas nws biography yog ib txwm txuam nrog rau lub Yaroslavl cheeb tsam, yog tus sau ntawm nto moo kab uas tawm los ntawm nws tus cwj mem thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Leej twg paub txog tus neeg zoo no?

Alexey Surkov
Alexey Surkov

Nyob hauv tib neeg

Yug ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig (Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1899) hauv lub zos me me ntawm Serednevo (Rybinsk koog tsev kawm ntawv, Yaroslavl xeev) hauv tsev neeg cov neeg pluag, Alexei Surkov pib nws txoj kev kawm hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos, nqus cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm xwm thiab simplicity ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog. Thaum muaj kev xav tau kev kawm, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos nws mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw nws yuav tsum nyob hauv tus tswv tsev thiab khwv tau nyiaj ntxiv. Kev ua neej zoo li no tau hu ua "hauv tib neeg", tab sis nws tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv xov xwm thiab txhim kho. Kev ua hauj lwm biography pib nrog kev ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg xyaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev luam ntawv, lub rooj tog zaum, thiab kev cob qhia kws ntoo. Nws tau ntsib lub kiv puag ncig hauv kev lag luam chaw nres nkoj, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ua tus hnyav.

Hauv xyoo 1918, Krasnaya Gazeta tau luam tawm cov paj huam los ntawm ib qhoA. Gutuevsky. Alexei Surkov pib xaiv xws li ib tug pseudonym rau nws tus kheej, uas nws yees duab nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Nws yog nws thawj zaug ntawm kev sau ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim, nws tau sau npe hauv Tub Rog Liab, ua haujlwm ua tub rog tshuab thiab tau nce mus txog rau xyoo 1922.

Alexey Surkov thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Alexey Surkov thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Zolo

Nyob kaj siab lug, tus kws sau paj lug yav tom ntej yuav rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws me me, uas nws koom nrog kev ua haujlwm teeb. Txog xyoo 1924, nyob rau hauv ib lub zos nyob sib ze, nws ua hauj lwm hauv chav nyeem ntawv, los ua ib tus neeg sau xov xwm hauv zos rau cov ntawv xov xwm hauv nroog. Kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg sau xov xwm sai sai no yog lub ntsiab rau A. Surkov. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1924, nws cov paj huam tshiab tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Pravda, thiab nyob rau hauv 1925 nws tau los ua ib tug koom nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tau koom nrog All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks, Alexei Surkov nyob rau hauv Komsomol ua hauj lwm, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog ib tug neeg sau xov xwm rau cov tshiab tsim ntawv xov xwm Severny Komsomolets nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Tau peb xyoos (1926-1928) nws tau ua tus thawj tswj hwm, ua ob npaug ntawm kev ncig thiab tsim kom muaj "Literary Corner" qhov twg cov kws sau paj huam tshiab thiab cov kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem luam tawm.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1928, nws tau raug xa mus rau Moscow rau 1st Congress of Writers, tom qab ntawd nws tsis rov qab mus rau thaj av Yaroslavl, tau raug xaiv los ua RAPP. Qhov pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim poetic tiag tiag tau tso los ntawm thawj phau ntawv, luam tawm xyoo 1930. Nws hu ua "Zapev". Cov paj huam tau txawv los ntawm kev nom kev tswv poignancy thiab lub siab ntawm patriotism, uas yog xav tau heev. Lub sijhawm xyoo no, tus kws sau paj huam Alexei Surkov tau yug los tiag tiag.

Biography: tsev neeg ntawm tus tswv ntawm lo lus

Ua ib ntus ntawm cov rooj sib tham sau ntawv, tus kws sau paj huamntsib Sofia Antonovna Krevs, nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej. Cov khub niam txiv muaj ob tug menyuam: tus tub Alexei, yug hauv 1928. thiab tus ntxhais Natalia, yug hauv 1938. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo, tsev neeg yuav khiav tawm mus rau Chistopol, qhov twg Alexei Surkov yuav sau nws cov ntawv los ntawm pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus ntxhais yuav xaiv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg sau xov xwm rau nws tus kheej, ua suab paj nruag. Tus tub yuav los ua tub rog engineer-colonel ntawm Air Force.

Lub 30s tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias A. Surkov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov tsis muaj kev kawm: nws yuav tsis tsuas yog kawm tiav los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Xib Fwb Liab, tab sis kuj tseem tiv thaiv nws cov lus tshaj tawm, dhau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv hauv Literary. Lub koom haum. Nws yuav tsis tso nws txoj haujlwm sau ntawv, koom tes nrog M. Gorky hauv Literary Education, ib phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Lokaf, nws tseem sau paj huam thiab nkauj hais txog tus phab ej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog hauv pej xeem: "Cov phooj ywg", "ua phem", "Lub Tebchaws ntawm Lub Siab Loj". Qee cov haujlwm ua nkauj: "Chapaevskaya", "Konarmeyskaya".

Alexey surkov biography tsev neeg
Alexey surkov biography tsev neeg

Tsov Rog Xov Xwm

Kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda, Krasnaya Zvezda yog cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas tus thawj coj tub rog Alexei Surkov tau luam tawm txij li xyoo 1939. Tus kws sau paj huam tau koom nrog ob qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj: Kev sib tw Finnish thiab kev sib tw hauv Western Belarus. Txawm hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog tsis muaj zog, txij li thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog nws tau mus rau pem hauv ntej, tau nce mus rau qib lieutenant Colonel hauv xyoo 1943. Ntawm no nws yuav ntsib nrog ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nyuaj. Nws yog rau nws tias Konstantin Simonov yuav mob siab rau cov kab nto moo: "Koj puas nco qab, Alyosha, txoj kev ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk …".

Raws li tus editor-in-chief ntawm Tus Tshiabntiaj teb", nws luam tawm paj huam, feuilletons thiab zaj nkauj ntawm lub sij hawm heroic. Nws yuav luam tawm ob peb zaj paj huam sau: "Cov paj huam hais txog kev ntxub", "Kev phem", "Tub rog lub siab". Xyoo 1942, nws yuav luag tuag nyob ze Rzhev, tom qab ntawd sau cov kab mob siab:

Kuv tsis raug mob los ntawm cov mos txwv, thiab peb tsis kub hnyiab, Kuv taug kev ntawm ntug qhov hluav taws.

Yuav pom tau tias leej niam ntawm nws kev txom nyem heev

Yuav kuv rov qab los ntawm kev tuag…”

Tab sis cov nkauj yuav nrov tshaj plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Ntawm lawv: "Song of the Brave", "Song of the Defenders of Moscow" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nto moo "Dugout".

alexey surkov yees duab
alexey surkov yees duab

Zaj Dab Neeg yug "Dugout"

Zaj nkauj yug thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942 nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Istra (lub zos ntawm Kashino, Moscow cheeb tsam), qhov chaw uas nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig los ntawm minefield. Ces nws yeej xav tias tsuas muaj ob peb kauj ruam xwb thiaj yuav tuag. Thaum muaj kev phom sij dhau lawm, tag nrho cov tsho tiv no raug txiav nrog shrapnel. Twb tau nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tau yug los cov kab ntawm cov paj huam nto moo xa mus rau nws tus poj niam nyob rau hauv Chistopol. Thaum tus kws sau nkauj Konstantin Listov tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw kho mob, Alexei Surkov muab nws cov ntawv sau, thiab ib lub lim tiam tom qab nws tus phooj ywg Mikhail Savin tau ua zaj nkauj thawj zaug.

Nrog nws thawj qhov tsos, nws tam sim ntawd mus rau pem hauv ntej, dhau los ua haujlwm nyiam ntawm cov tub rog. Nws tau ua los ntawm Lidia Ruslanova, thiab thaum xub thawj lawv txawm tso cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov kaw lus. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau raug puas tsuaj tag nrho, vim cov neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv pom kev decadence nyob rau hauv cov kab ntawm cov paj huam thiab thov kom hloov cov lus. Tiamsis zaj nkauj twb dhau mus lawm. Muaj pov thawj tias cov tub rog tau mussib ntaus, qw: "Hu hu nkauj, harmonica, cua daj cua dub tawm ntawm kev sib cav!" Ib lub monument tau tsim rau zaj nkauj nto moo ze ntawm lub zos Kashino. Qhov no yog qhov lees paub tiag tiag rau tus sau, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Lub Xeev rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm xyoo 1946.

Alexey surkov kws sau paj lug
Alexey surkov kws sau paj lug

xyoo tshiab

Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, Alexei Surkov, uas nws biography tau koom nrog kev koom tes thiab tsoomfwv cov haujlwm, raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ogonyok thiab tus rector ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Sau, tau ua ntau yam los nrhiav cov txuj ci tshiab. Nws luam tawm Anna Akhmatova, tiv thaiv nws lub npe ua ntej I. Stalin. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua ib tus neeg ntseeg siab, nws tsis paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm B. Pasternak, thiab yuav tawm tsam A. Solzhenitsyn thiab A. Sakharov. Tus kws sau paj huam yuav ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Koom Haum Sau Ntawv ntawm USSR tau ntau xyoo.

Nyob rau xyoo 1969, tsoomfwv yuav kos nws cov txiaj ntsig nrog Lub Hnub Qub ntawm Hero rau kev ua haujlwm tiav. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv 1983, rau ntau, nws yuav nyob twj ywm ib tug zoo kws sau paj lug uas qhuas lub Yaroslavl av.

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