Uftyuzh painting: keeb kwm, nta, nto moo masters

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Uftyuzh painting yog ib qho ntawm thawj kos duab crafts ntawm Lavxias teb sab North. Los ntawm 18th mus rau 20th centuries, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb uas nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Northern Dvina tau tsim cov khoom ntoo thiab birch-bark, decorated nrog paintings thiab carvings.

History and geography

Keeb kwm ntawm Uftyuzh painting keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Verkhnyaya Uftyuga, nyob rau hauv tus dej ntawm tib lub npe nyob rau hauv lub Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam no tau tsim ib qho kev coj noj coj ua qub vim nws qhov kev deb heev los ntawm lwm qhov chaw loj. Txawm niaj hnub no, txoj kev mus ntawm no yog caij nkoj xwb.

Uftyuga tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev ntseeg. Ntawm no yog tib lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox rau ntau kilometers - lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Dmitry Thessalonica. Txog rau tam sim no, nws suav hais tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws monuments ntawm ntoo architecture.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, Cov Neeg Laus Lavxias los ntawm lwm thaj chaw tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb en masse. Lawv coj nrog lawv ua tib zoo khaws cia txoj kev ntawm lub neej pre-Petrine Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub zos kos duab crafts, lub hwj chim ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab kos duab muaj zog heev: icon paintings thiab phau ntawv miniatures.

Birch bark tuesas

Northern peasants tsis paub serfdom. Lawv them se rau lub xeev, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev nuv ntses, yos hav zoov, deforestation thiab crafts.

Txhua xyoo, cov rooj sib tham loj tau tuav, qhov chaw uas cov kws tsim khoom nthuav qhia lawv cov khoom: tuesas, tais diav, spinning wheels, cradles thiab txawm tias cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si. Uftyuzh painting tshuav nws txoj kev loj hlob meej rau cov khoom tsim nyog hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Tuesa (birch-bark nkoj nrog lub hau) tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam neeg ua liaj ua teb. Lawv khaws cov nplej, ntsev, mis nyuj thiab ntaub plaub, txawm tias ntsev nceb rau lub caij ntuj no. Masters pleev xim rau lawv tsis tsuas yog muag, tab sis kuj rau lawv cov txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg.

Zoo siab thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm kev kos duab hloov tej yam yooj yim rau hauv kev kos duab tiag tiag.

painted huts

Cov tsev sab hauv hauv tebchaws Russia tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab kos duab thiab kos duab hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej Mongolian. Qhov no tau suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm kev nplua nuj, vim cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cov tsev pheeb suab tau rhuab "dub", nws tsis tuaj yeem kho lawv. Tab sis tom qab lub chimneys pib ua rau lub ru tsev, cov neeg hauv zos pib pleev xim rau cov phab ntsa, qab nthab thiab shutters.

Nyob hauv Verkhnyaya Uftyug, cov neeg nyiam ua kom zoo nkauj sab hauv nrog paj motifs ntawm txiv kab ntxwv-liab, xiav lossis daj ntseg ntsuab tom qab. Cov xim ci ci nco txog lub caij ntuj sov, luv luv hauv Lavxias North.

Ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab paj muaj cov noog thiab tsiaj txawv teb chaws. Txawm lub qhov cub uas piav txog tsov ntxhuav loj heev tau khaws cia.

Feem ntau, cov tsev pheeb suab pleev xim pom muaj nyob hauv Cov Ntseeg Qubchaw nyob. Nws yog nyob ntawd uas pej xeem kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb yog ua tib zoo khaws cia.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Vim qhov tseeb tias Uftyuzh pleev xim rau ntawm ntoo yog kev kos duab pej xeem tiag tiag, nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb lub neej tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Stylized dluab ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau ntawm tuesas, spinning log, thiab carved architraves.

Feem ntau cov kws kos duab piav txog cov noog. Ntawm lawv yog swans, nrov thoob plaws hauv North, nrog rau qaib, nquab thiab txawm peacocks. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem yog cov noog uas tsis muaj dab tsi taug kev hauv qab ntoo thiab tu plaub. Koj tuaj yeem pom Sirin thiab Alkonost paub rau txhua tus.

Geometric qauv kuj tseem muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub voj voog cim lub hnub. Sab hauv tuaj yeem yog paj nrog rau petals. Hauv Uftyuzh painting, nws symbolizes fertility.

Masters nyiam piav paj uas lawv tsis tau pom lawv tus kheej. Nws tuaj yeem yog Rose - huab tais ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Los yog tulip - lub cim ntawm cov hluas. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hloov pauv thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm xwm tau nthuav tawm los ntawm lub paj zoo heev hu ua krin. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv paintings thoob plaws hauv North.

Cov xim ntau yam yog xiav, liab dawb, xim av, xiav, ntsuab thiab dawb. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau yog khaws cia lub teeb, hais txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv.

Tsis muaj ntau cov tawv ntoo thiab cov khoom pleev xim ntoo tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Thiab txawm tsawg - cov npe tshwj xeeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Uftyuzh painting. Tab sis qee cov kws ua yeeb yam tseem muaj npe nrov. Feem ntau, kev sau ntawvtxiav txim los ntawm tus yam ntxwv style ntawm daim duab.

Feem ntau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb pleev xim nrog tag nrho tsev neeg, kev paub dhau los ntawm leej txiv mus rau tub. Tom qab ntawd, lawv pib sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv artels, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th tsuas loners nyob.

Thaum ua birch bark tueskov, lub cim ntawm tus tswv uas sib sau ua ke yeej ib txwm muab tso. Nws yog ib txoj kab ntsug, thov nrog lub ntsej muag blunt awl. Cov qhab nia no yog tus kheej rau txhua tsev neeg.

Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo, muaj ntau lub npe ci ntsa iab. A. D. Kuvakin nyiam lub teeb strokes thiab lub teeb xim. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws, F. I. Bestuzhev strove rau ib tug meej qauv thiab dynamic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom siv tes ua tau dhau los hauv tsev neeg Novinsky mus txog rau xyoo 1960.

Lawv tej hauj lwm, uas tau muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no, tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej loj hauv St. Petersburg, Vologda, Moscow, Arkhangelsk. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws sau keeb kwm hauv nroog tseem tab tom sau keeb kwm ntawm sab qaum teb cov khoom siv tes ua thiab thaij duab Uftyuzh painting rau archives.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Cov qub qub tau siv tempera thiab roj pleev xim los tsim Uftyuzh painting. Tam sim no lawv tau hloov nrog gouache nrog me me ntawm PVA kua nplaum. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov txhuam hniav squirrel niaj hnub nrog lub taub hau thiab luv bristles.

Koj tuaj yeem pleev xim ntoo, birch bark thiab txawm plywood. Txhawm rau piav qhia txog keeb kwm yav dhau los, cov khoom yuav tsum tau npog nrog tus cwj mem, gouache lossis xim dej siv lub npuas npuas.

Kev kos duab ua tiav hauv ib ntu. Cov xim yog siv rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg:thawj lub teeb, tom qab ntawd tsaus dua, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov duab kos, cov dots thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus tsis meej yog kos. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, gouache yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov kua roj vanish tsis muaj xim hauv peb txheej.