Etude in painting is Lub tswvyim, txhais, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, nto moo paintings thiab cov tswv yim hauv painting

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov lo lus xws li "etude" yog siv los xa mus rau cov haujlwm hauv ntau hom kev kos duab uas muaj nyob hauv Western kab lis kev cai. Piv txwv li, ib qho tuaj yeem ua cov duab kos duab thiab suab paj nruag, kos duab kos duab raws li hom chess muaj pes tsawg leeg, kos duab ua yeeb yam siv hauv kev qhia, ntxiv rau, ib qho ntawm cov koob yees duab nruab nrab yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv Soviet Union tau hu ua txoj kev no.

Txij thaum ub los, tib neeg tau sim ntes ntau yam xwm txheej uas tshwm sim hauv lawv lub neej. Thaum xub thawj, cov no yog cov duab kos los ntawm kev nco, tab sis tom qab ntawd, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov duab kos los ntawm xwm tau nkag mus rau hauv daim duab. Nws yog kos duab los ntawm lub neej thiab sketches ntawm cov duab uas nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv niaj hnub painting.

etude yog dab tsi?

Daim duab kos duab yog ib qho kev kos duab uas ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa thiab kos los ntawm lub neej. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau kev txhawb nqa, kev kawm kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - ua haujlwm puv ntoob.

Thaum pib, daim duab kos duab yog thawj daim duab kos uas yuav ua rau daim duab loj. Nws yuav tsum tau ntes cov kev xav dav dav, uas tom qab ntawd yuav khaws cia hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab kom ntxaws.

txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib daim duab kos duab nrog rau kev kawm ntawm lub teeb, xim, daim ntawv ntawm kev xav thiab kev sib xyaw.

Hauv kev kos duab, kev kawm feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm kev kos duab. Feem ntau qhov tawg no yog ib qho haujlwm uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tag nrho.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb duab, tsis zoo li cov suab paj nruag, ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb npaj, cov uas zoo tshaj plaws rau tus sau lub hom phiaj thiab txhawb cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm raug xaiv. Tom qab xaiv, tus kws kos duab rov ua dua lawv thiab tsim ib daim ntaub loj.

Raws li keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov etudes yog lub sijhawm ntawm Renaissance. Lub Renaissance tau muab lub zog tshiab rau kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai ntawm kev kos duab zoo.

Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kawm hauv painting.

Kev qhia txog kev kawm luv luv hauv kev kos duab zoo

Nyob ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tsim, nws tuaj yeem ua luv luv lossis ntev.

Kev kawm luv luv hauv kev pleev xim yog ib qho duab uas ua tau sai thiab qhia txog cov yam ntxwv dav dav uas qhia txog qhov xwm txheej.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov etude-sketch yog txhawm rau ntes lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm xwm. Cov xwm txheej thiab qhov tshwm sim uas tau ploj mus thiab tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem raug ntes tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim duab cursory. Ua li ntawdCov xwm txheej suav nrog, piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, kev sib tw kis las thiab thaj chaw ua haujlwm, lub xeev uas hloov pauv tas li nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm teeb pom kev zoo, kev txav ntawm tib neeg, nrog rau cov tsiaj txhu. Txhawm rau kom muaj sijhawm los ntes cov sijhawm no, tus kws kos duab tsuas muaj ob peb feeb lossis txawm tias vib nas this ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg, thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej thiab pom tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm kev kawm luv luv nyob rau hauv painting tsis yog nws elaboration thiab tiav, tab sis, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev xav, freshness thiab sharpness, kev xaav ntawm qhov teeb meem pom. Nws yog nrog kev pab los ntawm etude-sketch uas tus kws kos duab tswj kom nthuav qhia qhov tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig.

Ntau sketches rau paintings nyob rau hauv painting yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv txoj kev.

"Function" ntawm kev kawm ntev

Kev kawm ntev hauv kev pleev xim yog ib txoj haujlwm uas siv ob peb zaug kom tiav, txhua qhov kev sib tham kav ntev li ob mus rau plaub teev.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ntev yog qhov tob thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev kawm ntawm xwm. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv, txav mus los, kev faib ua feem, cov qauv tsim, cov yam ntxwv xim, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab ua tib zoo kawm txog cov khoom raug kos, tus kws kos duab, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov duab thiab cov yas, muaj lub sijhawm los xaiv lub suab, xim thiab kab. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntev sib txawv ntawm daim duab kos uas nws nquag sivCov kev xav tau los ntawm qhov raug ua tiav, thiab nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov lus qhia rau lawv lub cev.

Qhia tsim kev kawm luv luv

Cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kawm txog kev kos duab yog nyob ntawm hom kev kawm nws tus kheej.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov kev kawm luv luv tsis muaj theem tshwj xeeb, vim nws tshwm sim sai heev thiab ua tau zoo. Txij li thaum ib hom duab kos tau raug tsim, tsuas yog tsis muaj qhov qhia meej meej ntawm kev ua.

Ib ntus hauv kev tsim kev kawm ntev

Kev tsim kev kawm ntev yuav tshwm sim hauv ob theem.

Thawj theem (kev npaj):

• kev kawm sab nraud thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim;
• tus kws kos duab yuav tsum nrhiav kev daws teeb meem, uas yog, xaiv qhov chaw (xav pom) los ntawm kev kos duab kos duab;
• tom qab daim duab kos duab thiab kos duab tsim los nthuav tawm cov kev daws teeb meem;
• txiav txim siab cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau npaj;
• set xim tswvyim;
• sketches luv luv yog tsim los kawm hauv qhov tob ntawm qee qhov tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj ntawm qhov;
• koj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv theem npaj tsim cov duab kos duab (nws yog ua tiav ntawm ib daim ntawv sib txawv).

theem ob (lub ntsiab):

• npaj ua ntej kos duab rau tha xim yog pauv mus rau lub hauv paus huv;
• paintpainting, sau npe thiab glazing tau ua tiav;
• tsim kev kawm ntevkawg coj nws mus rau kev ncaj ncees.

Oil studies

Kev siv cov xim roj thaum tsim cov duab kos duab yog qhov zoo rau kev kawm ntev.

Roj pleev xim rau hauv cov txuj ci zoo tau pib nrov nrog cov neeg European ua yeeb yam thaum ntxov li xyoo pua 15th. Txij thaum ntawd los, siv roj pleev xim, cov kws kos duab tau tsim cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws txhua lub sijhawm.

Vim cov xim roj yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj heev rau kev pleev xim, hauv kev xyaum, cov kws kos duab tau tsim ntau txoj cai uas pab lawv siv:

• ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, daim ntaub yuav tsum tau muab tso rau;
• ua ntej yuav siv cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm cov xim rau yav dhau los, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom qhuav nws kom huv si. Txoj cai no tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov xim, grated nyob rau hauv ib cov roj, uas dries qeeb heev (walnut, poppy, sunflower).
• tsim nyog kom tsis txhob siv cov roj pleev xim tuab heev.

Txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm nyuaj, cov kev tshawb fawb roj hauv kev pleev xim tau kos ua ntej thiab tau kos ntau zaus tam sim no.

Ntxim roj pleev xim rau

Ntau tus kws kos duab Lavxias siv cov xim roj los tsim lawv cov duab kos. Ntawm lawv yog cov neeg nto moo zoo li no:

• Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Feem ntau nws pleev xim rau ntev sketches nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm nws cov duab kuj tseem muaj cov duab kos - nws tus kheej-portrait, Nikolai Petrovich Panafidin thiab Sofia Petrovna Kuvshinnikova.
• YSergey Marshennikov. Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab artist, uas nws tej hauj lwm yog yus muaj los ntawm sensual realism. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntev kuj tawm los ntawm nws cov txhuam hniav. Nws cov duab feem ntau yog cov poj niam liab qab, qee zaum txawm tias nws tus poj niam, Natalya.
• YDmitry Levin. Kev lees paub los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav raws li tus tswv ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes Lavxias, uas tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ua cov neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm ntawm Lavxias lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm realism. Nws suav hais tias kev sib txuas rau ntuj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws daim duab. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau nyob rau hauv nws paintings lub zos Lavxias teb sab yog depicted los ntawm tsim ib tug ntev kev kawm.

Etudes in watercolor

Etudes hauv watercolor yog heev nyob rau hauv painting.

Masters uas siv cov xim dej hais tias koj yuav tsum kos nrog cov xim no nkaus xwb nrog kev ntseeg siab. Raws li lawv, lub bolder thiab sharper strokes, qhov zoo tshaj qhov kawg tshwm sim yuav, thiab cov flaws, streaks thiab stains muab cov sketches style.

Ua ntej pleev xim nrog dej, daim ntawv yuav tsum tau muab npog nrog dej kom huv - yog li cov xim yuav pw zoo dua. Daim ntawv qhuav me ntsis yuav tsum tau moistened dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau stains (piv txwv li, dej thiab ntuj). Koj yuav tsum pib pleev xim nrog cov xim dej los ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj. Raws li cov kev cai ntawm watercolor painting, txhua txoj kev npaj tom ntej, mus rau hauv "qhov tob" ntawm daim duab, yuav tsum txias dua thiab txias dua. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas siv cov xim dej yeej tsis siv cov xim ntshiab - lawv siv cov palette.

Watercolor Masters

Cov kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias tsis quav ntsejdej xim xim. Ntawm cov masters ntawm watercolor yog cov nram qab no artists:

Y Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy. Ntau cov duab nto moo, pleev xim rau hauv cov xim dej thiab hauv cov roj, yog rau nws txhuam. Nws feem ntau siv cov xim dej los piav txog lub neej. Ib qho ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws watercolor tej hauj lwm yog ib tug painting ntawm ib pawg ntawm grapes

• YKarl Pavlovich Bryullov. Nws kuj siv ob qho tib si roj thiab dej xim rau nws cov duab. Nws feem ntau siv cov xim dej rau portraits - Maria Petrovna Kikina thaum yau, Sylvester Fedoseevich Shchedrin thiab lwm tus.
• YMikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub cim kev taw qhia ntawm modernity. Feem ntau nws pleev xim rau tej hauj lwm ntawm kev cai dab qhuas, tab sis nws tsis tsis quav ntsej txog lub neej tseem ceeb. Ib qho ntawm Vrubel tus nto moo tshaj plaws watercolor sketches yog Rose hauv iav.