2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov yog ib lub npe paub rau txhua tus txij thaum kawm ntawv. Thiab cov neeg uas tau tsa lawv txhais tes ntau zaus hauv cov ntawv nyeem tam sim no tej zaum yuav nco qab cov kab ntawv nyeem uas Lermontov yog tus sawv cev zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab romanticism. Tej zaum cov lus no tsis txhais tau dab tsi rau koj, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev nkag siab Lermontov cov haujlwm, suav nrog Lermontov zaj paj huam "Tus neeg thov khawv".
"Kev mob siab rau" thiab lub ntiaj teb tiag
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib hlub yog ib tus phab ej nyob hauv lub neej ob. Ntawm ib sab, zoo li peb txhua tus, nws nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab raug yuam ua raws qee yam kev cai. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug romantic hero muaj ib tug npau suav, ib tug guiding hnub qub, "fiery passion." Nyob rau hauv romanticism, xws li npau suav, feem ntau, yog unattainable (piv txwv li, tus hero pom nws zoo tagnrho yav dhau los). Yog li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab qias neeg rau nws. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, ib leeg nrog nws lub hnub qub coj, tus hero nrhiav kev nplij siab. Li no qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag tshwm sim, uas dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev nyiam romantic.
paj huam "Tus neeg thov khawv": cov duab kos xim dab tsi?
Paj huam "Tus neeg thov khawv" Lermontov tau sau xyoo 1830, thaum nws tsuas yog kaum rau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho siab, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, twb tau hnov hauv txoj haujlwm (tom qab ntawd nws tshwm hauv cov paj huam nrov xws li "Thiab nws dhuav thiab tu siab"; "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev"). Lermontov yeej tsis xav txog kev kho siab li no: nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Ntau npaum li cas, ib puag ncig los ntawm ib tug motley neeg coob coob …
Paj huam yog tsim los ntawm kev sib piv. Yog txheeb xyuas, i.e. ob daim duab yog muab piv nrog rau ib leeg: ib tug neeg thov khawv (thawj ob stanzas) thiab unrequitedly nyob rau hauv kev hlub lyrical hero (qhov kawg quatrain). Los piav txog cov neeg pluag pluag, tus kws sau paj lug siv cov ntsiab lus muaj yeeb yuj - epithets ("tus txiv neej pluag yog withered, me ntsis ciaj sia"; "nyob hmoov") thiab ib tug rearrangement ntawm cov lus - inversion:
Nws tsuas nug ib daim xwb
Lermontov, thaum piav qhia txog tus neeg thov khawv, tam sim ntawd mus txog qhov ua yeeb yam siab tshaj plaws. Kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag yog tshwm sim ntawm no, vim hais tias kev phem, phem, kev dag ntxias ntawm tus neeg thov khawv tau ua txhaum "ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub tuam tsev dawb huv." Qhov kev dawb huv no nyob qhov twg? Tam sim ntawd (uas yog ntuj rau ib zaj paj huam me me) qhov kawg yog mus txog. Tus sau los rau nws los ntawm ib qho anaphora (tib yam pib ntawm kab) hauv ob nqe lus:
Nws tsuas thov ib daim mov xwb, Thiab qhov ntsia pom hmoov muaj sia, Thiab ib tug muab pob zeb
Nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes tawm.
Thiab zoo li no, tau mus txog qhov kawg, ua kom tus nyeem ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag climactic, tus kws sau paj huam hloov nws mus rau qhov kev paub txog kev hlub:
Vim kuv thov koj txoj kev hlub
Nrog kua muag iab, nrog kev xav;
Yog li kuv txoj kev xav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws
Txoj kev dag mus ib txhis los ntawm koj!
An anaphora ("yog" - "yog") kuj siv ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv no stanza, nws pab tsim lub suab ntawm qhov xaus, summarizing cov nqe lus. Kos rau ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus nyeem ntawv qhov xwm txheej uas hloov tsis tau.
leej twg yog tus thov khawv?
Zaj paj huam piav qhia ntau tshaj qhov kawg ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus txiv neej thiab poj niam. Tus sau tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain tham txog qhov "zoo tshaj plaws kev xav" ntawm lub lyrical hero. Ib yam dab tsi ntau dua li tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus phab ej tau raug rhuav tshem, lub hnub qub coj zoo heev thiab "kev mob siab rau" uas peb tau hais txog ua ntej peb pib txheeb xyuas cov paj huam raug rhuav tshem. Lermontov tus neeg thov khawv tsis yog "ib tug wizened, NW nyuam qhuav ciaj sia txiv neej pluag." Tsis yog, daim duab no, txawm tias tag nrho nws cov yeeb yam, tsuas yog siv los kos ib qho piv txwv nrog tus neeg thov khawv tiag. Kev txom nyem tiag tiag, raws li Lermontov, yog qhov poob ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm koj tus ntsuj plig, koj tus npau suav, koj lub hnub qub. Hauv qhov no, kev hlub rau qee lub tswv yim uas tsis tuaj yeem dag. Tam sim no tus phab ej tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub ntiaj teb txaus ntshai (qhov no yog qhov tseeb rau peb los ntawm thawj ntu ntawm zaj paj huam), lub ntiaj teb txaus ntshai nyob hauv nws, txij li nws txoj kev xav zoo tshaj plaws."khob mus ib txhis." Tsis tas li ntawd tom qab, tus npau suav yuav tuag nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab ntawm tus nto moo tshaj plaws Lermontov hero Mtsyri.
Yog li ntawd, zaj paj huam "Tus neeg thov khawv" yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lermontov txoj haujlwm thaum ntxov romantic, uas cuam tshuam txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tus kws sau paj huam.
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Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
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